After compiling the file with the command:
compile_file("filename.mac");
I am getting a warning in the filename.UNLISP:
warning: encountered undefined variable foo in translation.
The documentation says to use the function:
define_variable (name, default_value, *mode*);
However, if in *mode* I write something other than "any", for example:
define_variable(foo, false, boolean)$
Then I get the error during recompilation:
#<function assign-mode-> cannot be printed readably.
Is it possible to declare a variable so that the compilation will be successful without this warning? With mode_declare, declare?
Sample code filename.mac:
define_variable(foo, true, boolean)$ /* useless string */
foo: true$
exprp(that) := if foo = false and listp(that) and not emptyp(that) and member(that[1], ["+", "*"]) then(foo: true, true)$
matchdeclare(exprm, exprp)$
defrule(rule_1, exprm, subst(exprm[1], "[", exprm[2]))$
calc(list) := block([steps: []],
while foo do(
steps: endcons(list, steps),
foo: false,
list: applyb1(list, rule_1)
),
steps
)$
calc(["+", [["*", [1, 2, 3]], ["+", [3, 4, 6]]]]);
Related
I have this dataframe
structure(list(plate = c("A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B",
"B", "B", "C", "C", "C", "C", "C"), marker = c("IL-1", "IL-2",
"IL-3", "IL-4", "IL-5", "IL-1", "IL-2", "IL-3", "IL-4", "IL-5",
"IL-1", "IL-2", "IL-3", "IL-4", "IL-5"), sample = c(1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), result = c(1.94000836127381,
0.426353706529969, 2.07418521661429, 1.58200029160696, 0.812685661255674,
0.546681932009987, 0.199532997122114, 0.100208840148698, 0.720956738045624,
0.444814277410285, 2.25080298569014, 1.61429066532657, 1.1066027850052,
0.927880542016121, 4.1487948134003), LOD = c(0.810456546400942,
0.614177278086376, 0.98739611371029, 0.315142822914328, 0.221497734151459,
0.0191136249820546, 0.364139946842526, 0.983763479804491, 0.982034953153209,
0.851687364910033, 0.893324689832074, 0.978609354294382, 0.62613140416969,
0.0310439168600307, 0.729966088361143)), class = c("tbl_df",
"tbl", "data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, -15L))
As you can see I have different LOD values, for each marker in each plate. So I calculate the mean LOD for each marker using
lod <- dummy_2 |>
group_by (marker) |>
summarise(lod = mean(LOD))
which results in the following mean LOD per marker for all plates
structure(list(marker = c("IL-1", "IL-2", "IL-3", "IL-4", "IL-5"
), lod = c(0.57429828707169, 0.652308859741095, 0.865763665894824,
0.442740564309189, 0.601050395807545)), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl",
"data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, -5L))
So far so good. Now I want to check if the result of my markers are above or below my mean LOD. If it is above my mean LOD, the results must not be changed, if it is below my LOD, the result must be changed in the LOD/2.
I tried to use for loop and mutate in combination with ifelse, but that did not work. I also saw the accross function, but that also did not work. My latest try was...
marker <- unique(dummy_2$marker)
for (i in marker){
dummy_2 <- mutate(result = ifelse(i %in% dummy_2$result < dummy_2$LOD, (i %in% lod$LOD)/2), dummy_2$result)}
Is for loop the right way to go, or is there a better solution?
Any help would be appreciated..
Already found a solution by creating a new dataframe with my mean values and linked this together using left_join to my dataset. Still like to know if this could be possible with a for loop. But for now, problem solved....
In Elixir, we can IO.inspect anyStructure to get anyStructure's internals printed to output. Is there a similar method to output it to a file (or, as a more flexible solution, to a string)?
I've looked through some articles on debugging and io but don't see a solution. I've also tried
{:ok, file} = File.open("test.log", [:append, {:delayed_write, 100, 20}])
structure = %{ a: 1, b: 2 }
IO.binwrite(file, structure)
File.close file
but that results in
no function clause matching in IO.binwrite/2 [...]
def binwrite(device, iodata) when is_list(iodata) or is_binary(iodata)
I’ve also googled some "elixir serialize" and "elixir object to string", but haven't found anything useful (like :erlang.term_to_binary which returns, well, binary). Is there a simple way to get the same result that IO.inspect prints, into a file or a string?
There is already inspect/2 function (not the same as IO.inspect), just go with it:
#> inspect({1,2,3})
"{1, 2, 3}"
#> h inspect/2
def inspect(term, opts \\ [])
#spec inspect(
Inspect.t(),
keyword()
) :: String.t()
Inspects the given argument according to the Inspect protocol. The second
argument is a keyword list with options to control inspection.
You can do whatever you wish with the string afterwards.
You can give IO.inspect an additional param to tell it where to write to:
{:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("")
IO.inspect(pid, %{test: "data"}, label: "IO.inspect options work too \o/")
{:ok, {_in, out}} = StringIO.close(pid)
out # "IO.inspect options work too o/: %{test: \"data\"}\n"
It accepts a pid of a process to write to. StringIO provides such a process, returning you a string on close.
In Elixir, we can IO.inspect anyStructure to get anyStructure's internals printed to output.
This is not quite true; IO.inspect uses the Inspect protocol. What you see is not the internals of the struct, but whatever that struct's implementation of the Inspect protocol is written to produce. There are different options you can give to inspect, defined in Inspect.Opts, one of them is structs: false, which will print structs as maps.
For example, inspecting a range struct:
iex> inspect(1..10)
"1..10"
iex> inspect(1..10, structs: false)
"%{__struct__: Range, first: 1, last: 10, step: 1}"
To answer your question and to add to the other answers, here is a method that uses File.open!/3 to reuse an open file and log multiple inspect calls to the same file, then close the file:
File.open!("test.log", [:write], fn file ->
IO.inspect(file, %{ a: 1, b: 2 }, [])
IO.inspect(file, "logging a string", [])
IO.inspect(file, DateTime.utc_now!(), [])
IO.inspect(file, DateTime.utc_now!(), structs: false)
end)
This produces the following test.log file:
%{a: 1, b: 2}
"logging a string"
~U[2022-04-29 09:51:46.467338Z]
%{
__struct__: DateTime,
calendar: Calendar.ISO,
day: 29,
hour: 9,
microsecond: {485474, 6},
minute: 51,
month: 4,
second: 46,
std_offset: 0,
time_zone: "Etc/UTC",
utc_offset: 0,
year: 2022,
zone_abbr: "UTC"
}
You simply need to combine inspect/2 which returns a binary and File.write/3 or any other function dumping to a file.
File.write("test.log", inspect(%{a: 1, b: 2}, limit: :infinity))
Note the limit: :infinity option, without it the long structures will be truncated for better readability when inspecting to stdout.
I am trying to permute the order of elements in a CharacterVector. In R I would simply use:
sample(charvec)
I am trying the same thing in Rcpp using the sample sugar function, but it keeps throwing 'error: no matching function for call to 'sample(Rcpp::CharacterVector&)'. Other sugar functions I have tried, like intersect or sort_unique work fine with CharacterVector, but sample refuses to work. This is the minimal example I have been experimenting with:
cppFunction('CharacterVector samplefunc() {
CharacterVector v = {"Cat", "Dog", "Fox", "Fish", "Lion"} ;
CharacterVector v2 = sample(v) ;
return v2 ;
}')
What I am doing wrong when trying to use the sample sugar function?
You are just missing the size parameter, which is mandatory for Rcpp::sample:
set.seed(42)
Rcpp::cppFunction('CharacterVector samplefunc() {
CharacterVector v = {"Cat", "Dog", "Fox", "Fish", "Lion"} ;
CharacterVector v2 = sample(v, v.size()) ;
return v2 ;
}')
samplefunc()
#> [1] "Lion" "Fish" "Cat" "Dog" "Fox"
UPDATE (about debugging this kind of errors): Admittedly, the error you see when you do not provide the size argument is kind of obscure (at least with gcc), but you can see:
file1294a34f4734f.cpp: In function ‘Rcpp::CharacterVector samplefunc()’:
file1294a34f4734f.cpp:8:30: error: no matching function for call to ‘sample(Rcpp::CharacterVector&)’
8 | CharacterVector v2 = sample(v) ;
| ~~~~~~^~~
This is the error: no matching function. And then,
In file included from /***/Rcpp/include/Rcpp/sugar/functions/functions.h:89,
from /***/Rcpp/include/Rcpp/sugar/sugar.h:31,
from /***/Rcpp/include/Rcpp.h:78,
from file1294a34f4734f.cpp:1:
/***/Rcpp/include/Rcpp/sugar/functions/sample.h:437:1: note: candidate: ‘template<int RTYPE> Rcpp::Vector<RTYPE, Rcpp::PreserveStorage> Rcpp::sample(const Rcpp::Vector<RTYPE, Rcpp::PreserveStorage>&, int, bool, Rcpp::sugar::probs_t)’
437 | sample(const Vector<RTYPE>& x, int size, bool replace = false, sugar::probs_t probs = R_NilValue)
| ^~~~~~
where gcc is showing you a candidate, and you can see that this function accepts a constant Vector of any RTYPE (numeric, character...), and then it needs a size argument, because there is no default. The others (replace, probs) do have a default. R functions may have missing arguments, C++ functions cannot.
I am very new to ruby and I am trying to find if there's an equivalent way to doing the thing in ruby.
In yml syntax, we use a syntax similar to this way to have a default blob and then override them with specific values:
default:
default:
A: {read: 20, write: 10}
B: {read: 30, write: 30}
C: {read: 130, write: 10}
override1:
placeholderA:
A: {read: 10, write: 10}
override2:
placeHolderB:
A: {read: 10, write: 10}
B: {read: 5, write: 5}
C: {read: 5, write: 5}
D: {read: 5, write: 5}
I wanted to know if we can create a hash in ruby where in it will pick the values for the override if they exist, otherwise it will just pick the default value.
I am not sure if ruby merge map is an approach to this problem (since I am still new to ruby, I am exploring options).
Is this possible?
merge could be used:
options = {a:22}
my_defaults = {a:1, b:123}
my_defaults.merge(options)
> {a:22, b:123}
if you are using rails that also provides a reverse_merge which works the other way round and may be clearer to read intent from in some use cases
options = { a:2, b:321 }
my_defaults = {a:1, c:3}
options.reverse_merge(my_defaults)
> {a:2, b:321, c:3}
http://apidock.com/rails/Hash/reverse_merge
For instance, how can I construct a list consisting of all the digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
You can construct it with val xs = ($list {int} (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)).
Make sure you specify the correct memory allocation functions by passing -DATS_MEMALLOC_LIBC to the compiler when using this code.
If you compile to JavaScript via atscc2js, then you need to construct
the list in the following manner:
val ds =
0::1::2::3::4::5::6::7::8::9::nil{int}()
// end of [val]
It also works for targeting C.
There are also combinators for this sort of things. For instance,
val ds = (10).list_map(TYPE{int})(lam(i) => i)
val ds = list_tabulate_cloref<int>(10, lam i => i)
You can find special literal on emacs mode:
https://github.com/githwxi/ATS-Postiats/blob/653af81715cf6bfbd1d2cd5ece1e88c8c3912b4a/utils/emacs/ats2-mode.el#L287
(defvar ats-special-keywords
'("$arrpsz" "$arrptrsize" "$delay" "$ldelay" "$effmask" "$effmask_ntm" "$effmask_exn" "$effmask_ref"
"$effmask_wrt" "$effmask_all" "$extern" "$extkind" "$extype" "$extype_struct" "$extval" "$lst"
"$lst_t" "$lst_vt" "$list" "$list_t" "$list_vt" "$rec" "$rec_t" "$rec_vt"
"$record" "$record_t" "$record_vt" "$tup" "$tup_t" "$tup_vt" "$tuple" "$tuple_t"
"$tuple_vt" "$raise" "$showtype" "$myfilename" "$mylocation" "$myfunction" "#assert" "#define"
"#elif" "#elifdef" "#elifndef" "#else" "#endif" "#error" "#if" "#ifdef"
"#ifndef" "#print" "#then" "#undef" "#include" "#staload" "#dynload" "#require"))
If you find some keyword, you can easily know how to use it on doc/EXAMPLE/ directory:
$ git clone https://github.com/githwxi/ATS-Postiats.git
$ cd ATS-Postiats/doc/EXAMPLE
$ grep -r "\$list" . | head
./MISC/word-chain.dats: $list{word}("", "")
./MISC/word-chain.dats: $list{word}("", "")
./MISC/mysendmailist.dats:$list{string}
./MISC/monad_list.dats: $list{a}("this", "that", "a")
./MISC/monad_list.dats: $list{a}("frog", "elephant", "thing")
./MISC/monad_list.dats: $list{a}("walked", "treaded", "grows")
./MISC/monad_list.dats: $list{a}("slowly", "quickly")
./ATSLF/CoYonedaLemma.dats:val myintlist0 = g0ofg1($list{int0}(I(1), I(0), I(1), I(0), I(0)))
./ATSLF/YonedaLemma.dats: $list{bool}(True, False, True, False, False)
./ATS-QA-LIST/qa-list-2014-12-07.dats:$list{double}(0.111111, 0.222222, 0.333333)
For a list0-value, you can do
val xs = g0ofg1($list{T}(x1, ..., xn))
where T is the type for the elements in xs. For instance,
val some_int_list = g0ofg1($list{int}(0, 9, 8, 7, 3, 4))