at work, we're unable to use alSourcePause() to pause sounds, and in any case we might want to start the sound with an offset.
We're performing a "resume" by doing alSourcei(this->sourceId, AL_SAMPLE_OFFSET, this->sampleOffset); with a sample offset that we retrieved with alGetSourcei(). We tried using AL_SEC_OFFSET, AL_BYTE_OFFSET and AL_SAMPLE_OFFSET -- to no avail. We have read that the sound source needs to be in the "initial" state; recreating the source and attaching the buffer, then attempting to skip also did not help.
Changing the buffer to skip AL_BYTE_OFFSET is not a solution, since it complicates looping.
Streaming sounds are skipping on slower machines; we're having trouble implementing multithreaded playing.
Since we're on a tight schedule, what is the best way to skip a portion of a simple sound source on OpenAL on OS X?
Source code is available at our Sourceforge repository.
I recently encountered the same problem in our game engine on OS X (10.6.8). We performed the following steps when resuming playback of a static buffer with a given sample offset, in this order:
alSourceQueueBuffers(mSourceId, 1, mBufferId);
alSourcei(mSourceId, AL_SAMPLE_OFFSET, mSampleOffset);
alSourcePlay(mSourceId);
The source was stopped before that, and all buffers were unqueued. According to the AL 1.1 specs, it should be possible to either
specify the buffer offset when the source is in the stopped state; here, the offset is supposed to be applied upon the next alSourcePlay() call, or
specify the offset on an already playing source, which should result in an immediate skip to the desired position.
(See section 4.3.2 of the official specs at http://connect.creativelabs.com/openal/Documentation/OpenAL%201.1%20Specification.htm )
Reversing the latter two calls in the above sequence (i.e. setting the buffer offset after issuing the alSourcePlay() call) did the trick in our case. Technically, this should be a perfectly valid way to go; however, if the audio thread gets interrupted right between these two calls for too long a time, this could possibly result in hearable glitches.
Related
I'm in the very unfortunate position of needing to interface nodejs's libuv and GLib's MainLoop on all three major OSes. I need to interleave both libuv's main loop and GLib's maing loop so that both parts of the project can be happy and live together. On unixes, that's easy enough because libuv returns a file descriptor to poll on:
GSource source;
// ...
g_source_add_unix_fd (&source->source,
uv_backend_fd (loop),
(GIOCondition) (G_IO_IN | G_IO_OUT | G_IO_ERR));
On Windows however, there isn't a file descriptor to poll on. What is available is a IO Completion Port HANDLE, under uv's loop->iocp. I'm not exactly sure how to proceed from here. I was thinking that I should probably be using the following function from GLIB:
void
g_source_add_poll (GSource *source,
GPollFD *fd);
But then I'd need to create a GPollFD from that and I'm not sure how to do it or if it's the right option. Any hint that could help me progress is welcome.
Relevant link: https://github.com/romgrk/node-gtk/blob/master/src/loop.cc#L68-L75
I've recently decided to try ti-basic programming, and while I was playing with getKey; I noticed that it had a 1s~ input lag after the first input. Is this built into the calculator, or can this be changed?
I recognize that "Quick Key" code above ;) (I'm the original author and very glad to see it spread around!).
Anyway, here is my low-level knowledge of the subject:
The operating system uses what is known as an interrupt in order to handle reading the keyboard, link port, USB port, and the run indicator among other things. The interrupt is just software code, nothing hardware implemented. So it is hardwired into the OS not the calculator.
The gist of the code TI uses is that once it reads that a key press occurred, it resets a counter to 50 and decrements it so long as the user holds down the key. Once the counter reaches zero, it tells getKey to recognize it as a new keypress and then it resets the counter to 10. This cause the initial delay to be longer than subsequent delays.
The TI-OS allows third party "hooks" to jump in and modify the getkey process and I used such a hook in another more complicated program (Speedy Keys). However, this hook is never called during BASIC program execution except at a Pause or Menu( command, where it isn't too helpful.
Instead what we can do is setup a parser hook that modifies the getkey counters. Alternatively, you can use the QuickKey code above, or you can use Hybrid BASIC which requires you to download a third-party App. A few of these apps (BatLib [by me], Celtic 3, DoorsCS7, and xLIB) offer a very fast getKey alternative as well as many other powerful functions.
The following is the code for setting up the parser hook. It works very well in my tests! See notes below:
#include "ti83plus.inc" ; ~~This column is the stuff for manually
_EnableParserHook = 5026h ; creating the code on calc. ~~
.db $BB,$6D ;AsmPrgm
.org $9D95 ;
ld hl,hookcode ;21A89D
ld de,appbackupscreen ;117298
ld bc,hookend-hookcode ;010A00
ldir ;EDB0
ld hl,appbackupscreen ;217298
ld a,l ;7D
bcall(_EnableParserHook);EF2650
ret ;C9
hookcode: ;
.db 83h ;83
push af ;F5
ld a,1 ;3E01
ld (8442h),a ;324284
pop af ;F1
cp a ;BF
ret ;C9
hookend: ;
Notes: other apps or programs may use parser hooks. Using this program will disable those hooks and you will need to reinstall them. This is pretty easy.
Finally, if you manually putting this on your calculator, use the right column code. Here is an animated .gif showing how to make such a program:
You will need to run the program once either on the homescreen or at the start of your main program. After this, all getKeys will have no delay.
I figured out this myself too when I was experimenting with my Ti-84 during the summer. This lag cannot be changed. This is built into the calculator. I think this is because of how the microchip used in ti-84 is a Intel Zilog Z80 microprocessor which was made in 1984.
This is unfortunately simply the inefficiency of the calculator. TI-basic is a fairly high-level language and meant to be easy to use and is thus not very efficient or fast. Especially with respect to input and output, i.e. printing messages and getting input.
Quick Key
:AsmPrgm3A3F84EF8C47EFBF4AC9
This is a getKey routine that makes all keys repeat, not just arrows and there is no delay between repeats. The key codes are different, so you might need to experiment.
I'm having some difficulty with handling streaming sources in OpenAL on Mac OS X (using the system framework). I'm still not sure what triggers it, but sometimes, after stopping a streaming source and playing it again, queueing a buffer increases the AL_BUFFERS_PROCESSED value. I use a while loop like the following to process the source's buffers:
alGetSourcei(source, AL_BUFFERS_PROCESSED, &processed);
while (processed--)
{
ALuint buffer;
// Get a free buffer.
alSourceUnqueueBuffers(source, 1, &buffer);
streamAtomic(buffer, decoder); // streamAtomic decodes compressed audio data and calls alBufferData.
alSourceQueueBuffers(source, 1, &buffer);
}
The full source code to the Source class can be found here.
Normally this update loop works fine, but whenever this bug gets triggered, calling alSourceQueueBuffers seemingly increases AL_BUFFERS_PROCESSED, meaning that every update cycle, this loop takes longer and longer, until it reaches the total number of buffers queued, period (32, in this case), where it stays until pausing or stopping the source, at which point AL_BUFFERS_PROCESSED resets - and promptly begins increasing again. I checked, and the count does decrease by 1 after calling alSourceUnqueueBuffers. It's only after I call alSourceQueueBuffers that the count increases again.
I've been poring over my code, the OpenAL spec, Stack Overflow, the OpenAL mailing list, and Google, and I can't find any documentation of this occurring, nor any indication as to whether I'm doing something wrong or if it's a bug in the OpenAL implementation. For what it's worth, this bug does not occur, using the exact same code, under OpenAL Soft on Windows and Linux. I couldn't get OpenAL Soft working properly on my Mac to test, though.
Any ideas?
I'm writing a kernel module which uses a customized print-on-screen system. Basically each time a print is involved the string is inserted into a linked list.
Every X seconds I need to process the list and perform some operations on the strings before printing them.
Basically I have two choices to implement such a filter:
1) Timer (which restarts itself in the end)
2) Kernel thread which sleeps for X seconds
While the filter is performing its stuff nothing else can use the linked list and, of course, while inserting a string the filter function shall wait.
AFAIK timer runs in interrupt context so it cannot sleep, but what about kernel threads? Can they sleep? If yes is there some reason for not to use them in my project? What other solution could be used?
To summarize: my filter function has got only 3 requirements:
1) Must be able to printk
2) When using the list everything else which is trying to access the list must block until the filter function finishes execution
3) Must run every X seconds (not a realtime requirement)
kthreads are allowed to sleep. (However, not all kthreads offer sleepful execution to all clients. softirqd for example would not.)
But then again, you could also use spinlocks (and their associated cost) and do without the extra thread (that's basically what the timer does, uses spinlock_bh). It's a tradeoff really.
each time a print is involved the string is inserted into a linked list
I don't really know if you meant print or printk. But if you're talking about printk(), You would need to allocate memory and you are in trouble because printk() may be called in an atomic context. Which leaves you the option to use a circular buffer (and thus, you should be tolerent to drop some strings because you might not have enough memory to save all the strings).
Every X seconds I need to process the list and perform some operations on the strings before printing them.
In that case, I would not even do a kernel thread: I would do the processing in print() if not too costly.
Otherwise, I would create a new system call:
sys_get_strings() or something, that would dump the whole linked list into userspace (and remove entries from the list when copied).
This way the whole behavior is controlled by userspace. You could create a deamon that would call the syscall every X seconds. You could also do all the costly processing in userspace.
You could also create a new device says /dev/print-on-screen:
dev_open would allocate the memory, and print() would no longer be a no-op, but feed the data in the device pre-allocated memory (in case print() would be used in atomic context and all).
dev_release would throw everything out
dev_read would get you the strings
dev_write could do something on your print-on-screen system
This guys says yes:
http://web.tiscalinet.it/giordy/midi-tech/lowmidi.htm
Same with a really old book from 1998 (Maximum MIDI).
MSDN doesn't mention it.
I'm not getting any sound.
I fill a char buffer with status|note|velocity|status|note|velocity...
Set lpData, dwBufferLength, and dwFlags of a MIDIHDR struct
call midiOutPrepareHeader (MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
call midiOutLongMsg (MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
Still no sound! Spamming midiOutShortMsg is working but will that work for slower machines? Did they change the functionality?
Thanks.
I'm an idiot! I figured it out: Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth does NOT support sending multiple short messages in midiOutLongMsg. The MIDI Mapper DOES!
midiOutShortMsg should be plenty fast, even on slow machines. MIDI interfaces themselves (hardware that is, but some software will limit themselves) run at 31,250 baud. This of course is ignoring any slow code you may have wrapped around where you call midiOutShortMsg.
Anyway, technically you should also be able to get away with one status byte, if the following notes use the same status byte. So, if you want to do note on/off (using velocity 0 for off) and those notes are on the same channel, you could do this:
status|note|velocity|note|velocity|note|velocity|note|velocity
This is called running status.