I am following this tutorial on elastic search.
Two employees have 'about' value as:
"about": "I love to go rock climbing"
"about": "I like to collect rock albums"
I run following query:
GET /megacorp/employee/_search {"query":{"match":{"about":"rock coll"}}}
Both above entries are returned, but surprisingly wit same score:
"_score": 0.2876821
Shouldn't the second one must have higher score as it has 'about' value containing both 'rock' and 'coll' while first one only contains 'rock'?
That totally depends on what analyzer you are using. if you are using standard or english analyzer this result is correct. I recommend you to spend some time working with elasticsearch's Analyze API to get familiar how each analyzer affect your text.
By the way, if you want second document to have higher score, take a look at Partial matching.
When we search on a full-text field, we need to pass the query string through the same analysis process as we have when we index a document, to ensure that we are searching for terms in the same form as those that exist in the index.
Analysis process usually consists of normalization and tokenization (the string is tokenized into individual terms by a tokenizer).
As for match Query:
If you run a match query against a full-text field, it will analyze the query string by using the correct analyzer for that field before executing the search. It just looks for the words that are specified.
So, in your match query Elasticsearch will look for occurrences of the whole separate words: rock or/and coll.
Your 2nd document doesn't contain a separate word coll but was matched by the word rock.
Conclusion: the 2 documents are equivalent in their _score value (they were matched by the same word rock)
Elasticsearch analyzes each text field before storing it. The default analyzer (standard analyzer) splits the text based on whitespaces and lowercases it. The output of analysis process is a list of tokens which are used to match your query tokens. If any of the tokens match exactly the relevant document is returned. That's being said, your second document doesn't contain the token col and that's why you are having the same score for both documents.
Even if you build your custom analyzer and use stemming, the word collect won't be stemmed as coll.
You can build custom analyzers in which you can specify that tokens should be of length 1 character, then Elasticsearch will consider each single character as a token and you can search for the existence of any character in your documents.
Related
Let's say I have two texts:
Text 1 - "The fox has been living in the wood cabin for days."
Text 2 - "The wooden hammer is a dangerous weapon."
And I would like to search for the word "wood", without it matching me "wooden hammer". How would I do that in Elastic Search or nest?
Term query is used for exact matches search. However it's not recommended to use it against text fields, the following quote from term query documentation:
To better search text fields, the match query also analyzes your
provided search term before performing a search. This means the match
query can search text fields for analyzed tokens rather than an exact
term.
The term query does not analyze the search term. The term query only
searches for the exact term you provide. This means the term query may
return poor or no results when searching text fields.
The problem with text exact matches, as described in the Term query documentation:
By default, Elasticsearch changes the values of text fields as part of
analysis. This can make finding exact matches for text field values
difficult.
So, the documents data is modified (i.e., analyzed) before indexing. This depends on the index mapping definition for each field, defaults to the default index analyzer, or the standard analyzer.
But the default standard analyzer will not change the token "Wooden" to "Wood", this might happen if you used stemming for this field.
This means, if you don't use a different analyzer or stemming, querying with "Wood" shouldn't match "Wooden" token.
To summarize: Indexed data is modified/analyzed before indexing (based on the field mapping definition). Match query analyze the search query, while Term query doesn't analyze the search query. So you have to properly chose the field mapping and the search query to better suit your use case
For some use cases, like storing email addressed, phone numbers or keyword fields that always have the same value, consider using the Keyword type, which is suitable for exact matches in these use cases. However, ES recommends:
Avoid using keyword fields for full-text search. Use the text field
type instead.
So for better visibility and practical solution for your use case, it's better to elaborate more the field mapping you use and what you want to achieve.
I'm trying to improve search on my service but get stuck on complex queries.
I need to match some documents by terms but return only documents that contains all of provided terms in any order and contains only this terms.
So for example, lets take movie titles:
"Jurassic Park"
"Lost World: Jurassic Park"
"Jurassic Park III"
When I type "Park Jurassic" I want only first document to be returned because it contains both words and nothing more.
This is silly example of complex problem but I've simplified it.
I tried with terms queries, match etc but I don't know how to check if entire field was matched.
So in short it must match all tokens in any order.
Field is mapped as text and also as keyword.
You tested the terms set query?
Returns documents that contain a minimum number of exact terms in a
provided field.
The terms_set query is the same as the terms query, except you can
define the number of matching terms required to return a document.
From what I've understood, When I index a document say:
PUT <index>/_doc/1
{
"title":"black white fox cat"
}
Elastic search analyzes this via a standard analyzer and turns the title into an array of tokens.
But then when I search for this document let's say
POST <index>/_search
{
"query":
{
"match":
{
"title":"black"
}
}
}
It analyzez again via the same analyzer, isn't that inefficient?
It's not efficient, its necessary step to provide the search results.
let me explain under the hood, how search and index process works.
Index tokenize the text based on data type, and configured analyzer and index the tokens into the inverted index.
Search terms again is tokenised based on the query type(no tokens in case of term family of queries), and search generated tokens into the inverted index created at index time(step-1).
Tokens match process(matching index time tokens in the inverted index to the tokens generated at the query time), is what finds the matches documents and provides the search results, normally this tokens match is a exact string match process, with the exception in some cases like (prefix query, wildcard query etc). and as its a exact string match, its very fast and optimized process.
There are various use-cases, like when you use the keywords data type, text is not analyzed and when you use term level queries search time analysis doesn't happen.
Now, important thing to not is that during search time also same analyzer used at index time, otherwise it would end up generating different token which not produce match in step-3 Described earlier.
Being new to ElasticSearch, need help in my understanding.
What I read about term vs match query is that term query is used for exact match and match query is used when we are searching for a term and want result based on a relevancy score.
But if we already defined a mapping for a field as a keyword, why anyone has to decide upon between term vs match, wouldn't it be always a term query in case mapping is defined as a keyword?
What are the use cases where someone will make a match query on the keyword mapping field?
The same confusion is vice versa.
A text field will be analyzed (transformed, split) to generate N tokens, and the keyword itself will become a token with no transformations. At the end, you have N tokens referencing a document.
Then.
By doing a match query, you will treat your query as a text as well, by analyzing it before performing the matching (transforming it), and the term will not.
You can create a field with a term mapping, but then perform a match query on top of it (for example if you want to be case insensitive), and you can create a text mapping for a n-gram and perform a term query to match exactly what you're asking for.
I am using Elasticsearch to allow a user to type in a term to search. I have the following property 'name' I'd like to search, for instance:
'name': 'The car is black'
I'd like to have this document returned if the following is used to search black car or car black.
I've tried doing a bool must and doing multiple terms ['black', 'car'] but it seems like it only works if the entire string is a match.
So what I'd really like to do is more of a, does the term contain both words in any order.
Can someone please get me on the right track? I've been banging my head on this one for a while.
If it seems like it only works if the entire string is a match, first make sure that in index mapping your string property name is analysed, i.e. mapping for this property doesn't contain "index": "not_analyzed". If it isn't so, you'll need to reindex your index in order to be able to search for tokens rather than for the whole phrase only.
Once you're sure your strings are analysed you can use:
Terms query with "minimum_should_match" parameter equalling to the number of words entered.
Bool query with must clause containing term queries per each word.
Common terms query which has a nice clean syntax for this purpose (you don't need to break down input string and construct more complex query structure in your app like with previous two) in addition to taking a smarter approach to stopwords analysing.