this is probably a very basic question. I am using the bash shell still (Catalina). And I downloaded gromacs. Every time I open a new terminal window I first have to put
source /usr/local/gromacs/bin/GMXRC
in first, otherwise I will just get command not found.
How can I permanently source this so that I don't have to reenter it all the time?
I tried editing the /etc/paths file but that didn't work.
If you are still using the bash shell on macOS, all you have to do is:
Put the line:
source /usr/local/gromacs/bin/GMXRC
at the end in .bash_profile.
.bash_profile is in home directory, so you can open it like:
open ~/.bash_profile
Why .bash_profile?
.bash_profile is executed whenever a login interactive shell starts and on mac, every interactive shell is a login shell by default.
If in case you switch to zsh, instead of .bash_profile, I think .zlogin should be used.
But that would depend entirely on your need. Read about zsh configuration files in case you ever need that.
Related
I'm trying to make a bash alias for traversing through a few folders, but the alias does not save after I close terminal.
I've already saved the alias in the .bashsrc file and have also have run the command . ~/.bashsrc.
Here's what I've done:
sudo nano .bashsrc
Inside bashsrc:
alias x = 'cd Documents/Photos/Family'
And then saved and exit.
. ~/.bashsrc
The alias works in that terminal window, but shows "command not found" if I restart terminal or open a new tab.
You should prefer setting your changes in ~/.bashrc and ~/.bash_profile.
alias x='cd Documents/Photos/Family'
Also, remember aliases won’t be exported to subshells and while using this alias you always need to be present in the directory where Documents is present. I guess your Documents directory is present in home, so it would be better if you do something like:
alias x="cd "$HOME"/Documents/Photos/Family"
Just add this line to the end of both the files and save.
In simple language there are two types of shells for your case, login and non-login interactive shell.
Before starting of a login shell, .bash_profile is sourced and before starting of a non-login shell .bashrc is sourced.
So you should add your changes in both.
If you are on macOS, .bashrc is next to useless for your case. MacOS would treat every shell you open in terminal as a login shell. Although there are some exceptions which i don’t remember.
As mentioned by David in the comments, in some distros ~/.bash_profile is just ~/.profile (e.g. Debian, openSUSE, etc).
I'm using a Mac with OS X Yosemite and Zsh.
By accident,I delete the content of three files below:
.bashrc
.bash_profile
.profile
After that ,when I open my terminal.
The Zsh will show fail under the last login information,it confused me ,and I want to know why.
You might want to look at a duplicate question: Zshell starts up with exit status of 1 after uninstalling RVM
It has an answer that solved the issue for me:
I found a .zlogin file on my system that contained some rvm-related code. I've deleted the code, and the problem is solved!
Zsh (by default) doesn't read from .bashrc, .bash_profile, or .profile, so the contents of these files shouldn't matter. You also didn't mention which .bashrc, .bash_profile, and .profile were erased… These files exist in both your /Users/username directory and /etc. The files sourced by zsh at startup are listed in the OS X zsh man page (man zsh in a terminal) under "STARTUP/SHUTDOWN FILES". The only reason it would call one of the previously mentioned files is if they were explicitly sourced in one of the default files.
My suggestions:
Check the contents of /etc/zshenv (this is the only zsh-specific file in my etc directory). Mine has only the following:
# system-wide environment settings for zsh(1)
if [ -x /usr/libexec/path_helper ]; then
eval `/usr/libexec/path_helper -s`
fi
Can you log in at all using zsh? If not, can you log in using another shell? You can do this in the OS X Terminal.app by going to Preferences -> General and changing the option for "Shells open with:" from "Default login shell" to Command (fill in another shell, i.e., /bin/bash or /bin/sh). If you can log in with any shell, try the following solution from this question:
Looking for the error
All shell output goes to the terminal, so you could just redirect it
when starting it. As you are looking for error messages during
initialisation, I'd suggest the following procedure:
Disable the problematic configurations
Open a terminal
Check the value of SHLVL: echo $SHLVL
Re-enable the configurations
Start a new z-shell from within the running shell with zsh 2> zsh-error.log, this redirects stderr to the file 'zsh-error.log'.
Check the value of SHLVL again. If it is bigger then previous value then exit the current shell (exit). (Explanation below)
Have a look at 'zsh-error.log' in the current directory.
If 'zsh-error.log' does not show anything, you may want to run zsh -x
2> zsh-error.log in step 5 instead. This provides a complete debug
output of anything zsh does. This can get quite huge.
As the answer suggests, those logs can get enormous if you are sourcing man files at startup. Just a bare shell should result in a reasonably small log file.
Finally, you can retrieve a list of all the files sourced by zsh on startup by running zsh -o sourcetrace.
Hope this helps.
So I'm installing some things for coding and personal usage, and I need to run this in the terminal (I'm on Mac if you didn't read the title).
~/.bash_profile
It just says permission denied, Im running OSX 10.8.4 Mountain Lion. How do I bypass this?
On MacOS: add source ~/.bash_profile to the end of ~/.zshrc.
Then this profile will be in effect when you open zsh.
You would never want to run that, but you may want to source it.
. ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
both should work. But this is an odd request, because that file should be sourced automatically when you start bash, unless you're explicitly starting it non-interactively. From the man page:
When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
If you change .bash_profile, it only applies to new Terminal sessions.
To apply it to an existing session, run source ~/.bash_profile. You can run any Bash script this way - think of executing source as the same as typing commands in the Terminal window (from the specified script).
More info: How to reload .bash_profile from the command line?
Bonus: You can make environment variables available to OSX applications - not just the current Bash session but apps like Visual Studio Code or IntelliJ - using launchctl setenv GOPATH "${GOPATH:-}"
As #kojiro said, you don't want to "run" this file. Source it as he says. It should get "sourced" at startup. Sourcing just means running every line in the file, including the one you want to get run. If you want to make sure a folder is in a certain path environment variable (as it seems you want from one of your comments on another solution), execute
$ echo $PATH
At the command line. If you want to check that your ~/.bash_profile is being sourced, either at startup as it should be, or when you source it manually, enter the following line into your ~/.bash_profile file:
$ echo "Hello I'm running stuff in the ~/.bash_profile!"
No need to start, it would automatically executed while you startup your mac terminal / bash. Whenever you do a change, you may need to restart the terminal.
~ is the default path for .bash_profile
I was getting this error on zsh(mac os Big Sur 11.3), This is how i solved this :-
Go to Terminal.
cd /users/<yourusername>
Once you reach here issue a command :
ls -al
You will see a lot of files and one specific file .zprofile. This is your user profile. We need to edit this.
After this we need to edit the file. Issue the below command :
nano .zprofile
Once you issue this command file will be opened for edit. Add the path details for maven.
M2_PATH="/Users//code/apache-maven-3.8.1/bin" //add your path of maven diretory
PATH="${PATH}:${M2_PATH}"
export PATH
press ctrl + X and save the file.
Issue command after saving the file :
source .zprofile
Once done, you will be able to run the mvn command.
If the problem is that you are not seeing your changes to the file take effect, just open a new terminal window, and it will be "sourced". You will be able to use the proper PATH etc with each subsequent terminal window.
I have installed Hadoop and every time I want to run it, first I have to do this:
source ~/.bash_profile
or it won't recognize the command hadoop
Why is that?
I am on OSX 10.8
Now that we've narrowed down the problem:
Run ps -p $$ at the command line to check if you are, in fact, using a bash shell.
Realize that you are in zsh, which means you should be editing your profile in .zshrc.
Copy the offending lines from .bash_profile to .zshrc, OR
Modify your .zshrc to directly source your .bash_profile.
UPDATE: Do what #TC1 mentions in the comments and keep the shell-specific code in each shell's own profile, and from those profiles, only source shell-agnostic code.
On Mac Catalina, I just had to open "preferences" on terminal and change the "shells open with" from "default" to "Command(complete path)", which the default path was "/bin/zsh". touch ~/.zshrc, if that file doesn't exist already, and copy/paste your stuff from ".bash_profile" into the ".zshrc" file.
To elaborate, with terminal running, I opened "settings" from the Terminal menu on the Mac navbar. On the "General" tab, look for "Shells open with" select "Command (complete path)", and type in /bin/zsh.
bash_profile.sh is applicable for bash shell.
if your default shell is not bash and if your default shell is someother shell for example zsh then you have to manually load the .bash_profile using source ~/.bash_profile.
You can always change the default shell to bash shell so that the .bash_profile file will be automatically loaded.
Inorder to automatically load .bash_profile, you can update your default shell to bash using the command chsh -s /bin/bash
cat /etc/shells will list the default shells available in the
machine
echo $SHELL will display the currently active shell in your machine
To change active shell to a different shell, use chsh -s /bin/bash.
Then echo $SHELL to verify if the shell has changed.
Terminal -> Preference -> profile -> Shell -> Run command : source ~/.bash_profile
Tick on run inside shell.
After doing all those , just logout and check weather everything works fine or not
I tried the approved answer. Changing the .zshrc file works for one of my machines. But for the other one, when I run ps -p $$, it is -sh under the command. And I changed both bash and zsh files, neither of them works for me this time.
So I found this
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Startup-Files.html
it mentioned
"When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. "
so I went to that file /etc/profile and add "source ~/.bashrc" in that file. Then it works since every time a terminal is opened, it runs the command in that /etc/profile file.
Not sure if this is the best solution but it works.
sudo nano /etc/bashrc and change that, restarted the terminal and it finally remembered with command. Tried ~/.bash_profile and ~/.bashrc without success, just wasn't sourcing it.
Go to “Preferences/Profiles then look in the right window and find “shell”.
Once in that if your “Startup Run Command” hasn’t been turned on. Click the box to turn it on and in the command section type:
(If you made a .zsh file)
source .zsh ; clear
(If you made a .bash_profile)
source .bash_profile ; clear
Doing this ; clear
Will clear your terminal to a new page so that you don’t see your terminal display:
“Last login: etc
User#user-Mac ~ % source .zsh
If you typed the commands as I said you should just get this:
User#user-Mac ~ %
That way you will be greeted with a clear page with no extra jumbo. Also to make sure that your .zsh or .bash_profile aliases work type the following command to see a list of your custom aliases:
Alias
One alias I like to do is
alias LL=“ls -la”
This will display a tree or the directory you are in as well as hidden files.
This question already has an answer here:
How to restore .bash_profile on a mac? None of my unix terminal are working [closed]
(1 answer)
Closed 8 months ago.
Whenever I start a new Terminal session, the window opens up with a command:
'-bash: cd: /Users/yourusername/Library/lejos_nxj: No such file or directory'.
I want to remove that line from coming up on the prompt, so I deleted the Terminal plist file and sent hard resets, but nothing has worked for me so far.
Is there anything I haven't tried yet?
You've probably got something in your ~/.profile, which is automatically executed when you open a Terminal.
If you did not set anything in there, do
rm ~/.profile
in a Terminal and this should disappear.
If you think that something important may be in there, do
open -a TextEdit ~/.profile
(or change TextEdit to your preferred editor) to view and edit the file.
That line is probably in either your ~/.bashrc file or your ~/.profile file. I would check those two files first (and they are both hidden because of the period initial character).
Edit: I just checked my OS X system, and I don't have ~/.bashrc (but you may).
You could try a terminal replacement (Just recently read about this one, iTerm2) it might
resolve your problem by using its own default startup settings.
If it is anything like Linux the ~/.bashrc and ~/.profile are used when you open your terminal.
It seems that most people assume it is in some init file but its not clear which are included. Once your shell does come up (ignore errors) -try this:
script
bash -l -x
exit
exit
Now you should have a file called typescript which will have debug info showing most if not all of what the shell has executed when coming up in login mode. You could for instance do grep source typescript to see which files were involved OR you could find refrences to nxj etc.
p.s. I assume your clearing of the plist would clear the preferences, but wouldn't hurt to see if the relevant command is in 'Terminal-> Presences->Settings->Shell->Run Command' for any of the terminal window presets