"GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye." - macos

Question

I'm experimenting with building a Windows and Mac OS app using Electron and have hit a snag.
In short, if I try to run the application directly with Electron on Mac OS Big Sur (as opposed to building a Mac app and then running that) I get the following error returned:
[35941:0821/171720.038162:FATAL:gpu_data_manager_impl_private.cc(415)] GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye.
I am running directly with Electron using the following in my package.json:
"scripts": {
...
"test": "electron main.js",
...
}
So far the only Mac OS environment I have access to is Big Sur so haven't tried this on earlier versions of Mac OS but from Googling it seems this error may be related to Big Sur's tightened security/sandbox constraints -- but I am guessing about that.
In any case, after some Googling several suggestions indicated trying to run without the app sandbox, i.e. adding this to main.js:
app.commandLine.appendSwitch('no-sandbox');
That's all well and good and works.
However, if I ever want to build and distribute a signed Mac app targeting the Mac App store or a just a signed, sandboxed DMG or PKG installer, then this won't be suitable.
If I remove the above no-sandbox command from main.js and specify the app sandbox in my entitlements plist as shown below the resulting signed app will not run:
<key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
<true/>
The app tries to open and just closes. I can try running at the command line with open <appname>.app but this throws the following error in the console:
The application cannot be opened for an unexpected reason, error=Error Domain=NSOSStatusErrorDomain Code=-10826 "kLSNoLaunchPermissionErr: User doesn't have permission to launch the app (managed networks)" UserInfo={_LSFunction=_LSLaunchWithRunningboard, _LSLine=2561, NSUnderlyingError=0x7fd3c9c13db0 {Error Domain=RBSRequestErrorDomain Code=5 "Launch failed." UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=Launch failed., NSUnderlyingError=0x7fd3c9c158e0 {Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=153 "Unknown error: 153" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=Launchd job spawn failed with error: 153}}}}}
If I build a signed app with no-sandbox enabled, the app will run just fine on Big Sur using open <appname>.app.
I have tried my best through Google, Stack Overflow, etc to diagnose this but am not getting anywhere. Here's to hoping the Stack Overflow community can provide me the critical clue to solving this.
For further context, I created a new, empty Electron application and followed the Electron Quick Start Guide to the section where it describes creating an empty main.js which technically should allow the Electron app to start -- but it won't. The same error describe above re the GPU gets thrown even without instantiating a BrowserWindow or writing any custom code of my own.
NEW UPDATE: I set these environment variables to true and then tried running the app with npm start:
ELECTRON_ENABLE_LOGGING
ELECTRON_DEBUG_NOTIFICATIONS
ELECTRON_ENABLE_STACK_DUMPING
The result is more detailed error output:
[48836:0823/165857.676747:ERROR:icu_util.cc(179)] icudtl.dat not found in bundle
[48836:0823/165857.676838:ERROR:icu_util.cc(243)] Invalid file descriptor to ICU data received.
[48778:0823/165857.677376:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1003)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=5
[48778:0823/165857.677430:WARNING:gpu_process_host.cc(1317)] The GPU process has crashed 1 time(s)
[48850:0823/165857.827224:ERROR:icu_util.cc(179)] icudtl.dat not found in bundle
[48848:0823/165857.827255:ERROR:icu_util.cc(179)] icudtl.dat not found in bundle
[48850:0823/165857.827341:ERROR:icu_util.cc(243)] Invalid file descriptor to ICU data received.
[48848:0823/165857.827358:ERROR:icu_util.cc(243)] Invalid file descriptor to ICU data received.
[48778:0823/165857.827836:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1003)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=5
[48778:0823/165857.827875:WARNING:gpu_process_host.cc(1317)] The GPU process has crashed 2 time(s)
... repeats until the GPU processes crashes 9 times ...
[48778:0823/165903.080134:FATAL:gpu_data_manager_impl_private.cc(415)] GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye.
Haven't had time to do the research as to what ICU refers to but thought I would update with this info.
ANOTHER UPDATE: all this has been done on Mac OS Big Sur which is my main development machine. Trying this on a Windows 10 machine, using the same Electron code, dependencies, etc and things work fine. So the problem is either related to Mac OS Big Sur or a specific local issue on my development machine which I cannot identify. Any suggestions on how to diagnose this will be much appreciated.
ONE MORE UPDATE: Based on a guess, I created a new user on my mac, took the code in there and it ran perfectly. So -- this probably means that I need to find something installed in my profile or some corruption in my own profile/settings that is breaking things. As always, any suggestions appreciated it.

Answer 1

In my case, I got this to work using command line switch, --in-process-gpu, or:
app.commandLine.appendSwitch('in-process-gpu');
There's also an extensive list of Chromium switches here that you can try at:
https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/
Yeah, the whole hardened runtime thing is just such an awful, awful mess! Now to figure out the next crash!

Answer 2

So -- partial answer. I think I've found the solution to this error:
GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye.
My development directories are all on a file system accessed via a symbolic link. As soon as I moved the folder for this app to my my home directory (no symlinks involved) I could launch with npm start without needing to enable no-sandbox and without seeing this error or the errors related to icudtl.dat.
I haven't yet determined if the problem described with the error below when launching the packaged app is related/solved:
The application cannot be opened for an unexpected reason, error=Error Domain=NSOSStatusErrorDomain Code=-10826 "kLSNoLaunchPermissionErr: User doesn't have permission to launch the app (managed networks)" UserInfo={_LSFunction=_LSLaunchWithRunningboard, _LSLine=2561, NSUnderlyingError=0x7fd3c9c13db0 {Error Domain=RBSRequestErrorDomain Code=5 "Launch failed." UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=Launch failed., NSUnderlyingError=0x7fd3c9c158e0 {Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=153 "Unknown error: 153" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=Launchd job spawn failed with error: 153}}}}}
That said, it is a big step forward.

Answer 3

I have a similar issue on a linux machine with an electron app. The answer in this github issue helped me.
Using --disable-gpu-sandbox flag with electron apps solved it for me.

Answer 4

The underlying problem seems to be that the Mac OS sandbox is preventing the GPU process to spawn properly.
You can specify a variety of entitlements when packaging your application, but not all entitlements are created equally, especially entitlements that want access to the keychain, secure enclave and TouchID.
If you're specifying a provisioning profile - make sure that all those entitlements are only in the original file, keep your inherited entitlements empty or to the bare minimum. In my case, I had the keychain-access-groups specified in my inherited entitlements which was a painful lesson to learn. Removing it made the builds not crash!
I believe in your case it's likely that you tried to access files outside of the application itself which might have caused the sandbox to prevent opening the GPU processes.

Answer 5

I know the OP reported this against MacOS, but on my Windows 10 VM I used the following instructions to create the electron-quick-start app…
net use T: \\busdata\company\BrianT
T:
cd \Development\Sandbox\electron
"C:\Users\thomasb\AppData\Local\GitHubDesktop\app-2.9.15\resources\app\git\cmd\git.exe" clone https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start
cd electron-quick-start
npm install && npm start
…and then electron wrote error messages to the console, the same errors as those reported by the OP:
[5796:1025/121431.238:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(969)] GPU process launch failed: error_code=18
[5796:1025/121431.328:FATAL:gpu_data_manager_impl_private.cc(441)] GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye.
An earlier answer mentioned symbolic links, and to investigate that further I xcopied the entire electron-quick-start folder down from T: (a remapped network folder) to C: (my local disk).
When I then ran npm start in the folder that I'd copied down to C: there was no error.
Looks like electron is being fussy about where the source files live.

Answer 6

I had the same Issue when running the files off of a server such as a nas, but moving files to local storage solved the issue.