What is the general syntax of a command? - syntax

I am a beginner studying the basics of cybersecurity and was wondering if someone could help me elaborate on what is the general syntax of a command?
So far I have only found one source which made sence to me, I feel as though this is too broad of a definition:
'the syntax of a command refers to the rules in which the command must be run in order for a piece of software to understand it.' ?? PLEASE HELP THANK YOU!! =]

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Sassdash - Understanding $this-arg

I am working through the Sassdash Library, and there are numerous functions that use a argument $this-arg. I am having a lot of trouble understanding what it does. Can anyone simply explain what this does and what some simple use cases might be?
It is similar to how this works in JS.

I am getting the error at this place 'Countries__r.name' assist me

I am getting the error at this place, with this code:
List<States__c> stat = [select name from States__c where Countries__r.name = :contr];
'Countries__r.name'
Assist me.
Sorry but this syntax is totally wrong for VFP. Did you really mean VFP?
Your code sounds to be partially C# code against a mySQL database? Not sure. It would error there too. Probably one of those languages that I don't know.
And shooting in the dark, without having an idea on the language you use, you are saying States_c but referring to Countries_r in an SQL?

What is this programming "syntax" on code.org

Out of curiosity, i tried a few tutorials on code.org.
I began with this one.
Have you seen this graphical syntax using blocks ?
Is it some kind of standard ?
Or is completely home made ?
Here is what it looks like :
http://files.websitetoolbox.com/149581/1788549
Where can i learn more about it ?
I think it is really easy to read, and i wonder if i could use somewhere else, programming c# or c++, java, even javascript.
I am still not sure if business code would really be easy to read using this syntax.
It's likely to be some form of OpenBlocks, it's a way of representing your code and what it does in a more intuitive fashion, you can read more about it at the link I posted as a comment.
Notably, a similar solution was in use for creating Android apps too .
This is called blockly. You can find a lot of information from blockly's FAQ. Hope that helps.

fuzzyCLIPS examples

I am learning how to use the version of fuzzyCLIPS from NRC. I would
appreciate if someone could point out some ftp/web sites with examples and
code using fuzzyCLIPS. I find the manual difficult to learn from
Try a search for FuzzyJess. As the syntax for CLIPS and Jess are similar you might find some FuzzyJess examples that can be adapted to FuzzyCLIPS.

writing a wrapper for a programming language

I want to write a ruby wrapper swi-prolog. Can anyone please tell me how to proceed with writing one?
I would appreciate if anyone please explain me what steps need to be considered while attempting to write this sort.
You can look at this post by Mauricio Fernandez:
http://eigenclass.org/hiki.rb?tiny+prolog+in+ruby
When you are done with that, there's a follow-up article with ideas on how to make things more Rubyish by Jamis Buck:
http://weblog.jamisbuck.org/2006/10/28/prolog-in-ruby
Edit:
I also found PySwip which is a GPL Python - SWI-Prolog bridge. Even though it's not Ruby, it probably gives you some good ideas about how to tackle the problem.

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