Windows Workflow foundatation scheduling - windows

If I have an ASP.NET app hosting a worflow where a trouble ticket passes through a fairly standard flow....at one point there needs to be an escalation occurring if a ticket has not been looked at or resolved in 6 months. Now lets say the 6 months have passed, but the IIS machine has been rebooted last month and not used. Will the workflow escalate the ticket?
When/how does the runtime check conditions on long running processes? Does it scan through the 1000's of workflows looking...or have an events table it checks? Does it even handle this kind of out-of-process workflow?
Seems like it would be a very common situation for a WF to handle but i can't seem to find any information.

You're not finding any information on this because you don't need any. It works. This is how it's designed to work. If the workflow host is configured to use the persistence service, then the workflow will be persisted when it's idle too long, and when the delay is over, it will be restored from the persistence store and resumed.

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How long will a workflow stay in a Status Reason of "Waiting" before it times out?

I'm wondering how long a Dynamics CRM workflow will stay in a Status Reason of "Waiting" before it times out/gets cancelled automatically?
I have a workflow for "Renewal" Opportunities with the following step: "Wait until Today's date >= 3 months before Renewal Date." Then, the record is updated. I'm worried that if the workflow has a status of "Waiting" for too long, it will cancel automatically. Will this be an issue? If yes, what is a better way to handle "Renewal Opportunities", so the Opportunity Name gets updated with the word "Renewal" 3 months before the date in the "Renewal Date" field?
Thanks!
It will wait indefinitely. But... as someone who has written products that rely on waiting workflows, I can say that there can be issues. Perhaps most prominent is the risk of the workflow getting cancelled before its trigger date - not "automatically" but by a user or user-defined process.
One client has routines that cancel waiting workflows on a regular basis. That broke everything all the time until we moved their scheduling out of workflows to an online scheduler.
In general it's fine to rely on waiting workflows that are scheduled months out, but it's also prudent to have a mechanism to confirm that they're operating and recover when they're not.
Aron did a good job of tackling the first part of your question.
If yes, what is a better way to handle "Renewal Opportunities", so the Opportunity Name gets updated with the word "Renewal" 3 months before the date in the "Renewal Date" field?
1) Create a procedure:
Often a manual procedure is more cost effective and reliable than developing automation.
- Create an Opportunities Pending Renewal view which shows all opportunities where the Renewal date is within X days of today.
- Create a Renew Opportunity workflow
- Put in place a process where by a user regularly (once a month/ once a week?) opens this view and runs the Renew Opportunity workflow.
This is a good option if the renewal does not need to occur on an exact date.
2) Have an external application launch the workflows:
You could write a lightweight scheduled application to carry out this operation. If you take this route, I recommend keeping as much of the configuration in CRM as possible by having the application execute over the results of a CRM view and kick off workflows to carry out the renewal action. That way when your business decides to change their rules (e.g. different renewal period) you just update the view criteria or workflow.
This is a good option if you have in-house dev power and if there are many such workflows that you can leverage your scheduled application to handle.
3) Have a plugin launch the workflows:
This is my personal preference. Same as Option 2 except rather than using a scheduled console application you let CRM host and schedule the job. Create a custom scheduled task entity, and set up a workflow which waits for some period (e.g. 24 hours) then creates a scheduled task record. Add plugin logic which fires on-create of scheduled task records, which carries out the same actions from option 2.
This is better than #2 for several reasons:
- Does not require external hosting, no integration concerns
- The job can be triggered manually simply by creating a scheduled task record
- You can add result logging to the scheduled task record
Other thoughts:
I won't pass judgement on whether the above options are "better" than waiting workflows, they all have different strengths and weaknesses. The Async service is much more reliable that it was historically, but I personally still try to avoid using workflow which wait for extended periods of time, primarily for system complexity and performance reasons. If you need automation and don't have in-house developers, then your best option probably is to set up waiting workflows.

Are service fabric services entirely single-threaded?

I'm trying to get to grips with service fabric and I'm struggling a little bit. Some questions:
are all service fabric service instances single-threaded? I created a stateless web api, one instance, with a method that did a Task.Delay, then returned a string. Two requests to this service were served one after the other, not concurrently. So am I right in thinking then that the number of concurrent requests that can be served is purely a function of the service instance count in the application manifest? Edit Thinking about this, it is probably to do with the set up of OWIN Wep Api. Could it be it is blocking by session? I assumed there is no session by default?
I have long-running operations that I need to perform in service fabric (that can take several hours). Is there a recommended pattern that I can use for this in service fabric? These are currently handled using a storage queue that triggers a webjob. Maybe something with Reliable Queues and a RunAsync loop?
It seems you handled the first part so I will comment on the second part: "long-running operations".
We can see long running operations / workflows being handled far before service fabric came about. For this reason, we can build on the shoulders of giants by looking on the design patterns that software experts have been using for decades. For example, the famous and all inclusive Process Manager. Mind you that this pattern is sometimes an overkill. If it is in your case, just check out the rest of the related patterns in the Enterprise Integration Patterns book (by Gregor Hohpe).
As for the use of reliable collections, those are implementation details when choosing a data structure supporting the chosen design pattern.
I hope that helps
With regards to your second point - It really depends on the nature of your long running task.
Is your long running task the kind of workload that runs on an isolated thread that depends on local OS/VM level resources and eventually comes back with a result (A)? or is it the kind of long running task that goes through stages and builds up a model of the result through a series of persisted state changes (B)?
From what I understand of Service Fabric, it isn't really designed for running long running workloads (A), but more for writing horizontally-scalable, highly-available systems.
If you were absolutely keen on using service fabric (and your kind of workload tends to be more like B than A) I would definitely find a way to break down those long running tasks that could be processed in parallel across the cluster. But even then, there is probably more appropriate technologies designed for this such as Azure Batch?
P.s. If you are going to put a long running process in the RunAsync method, you should design the workload so it is interruptable and its state can be persisted in a way that can be resumed from another node in the cluster
In a stateful service, only the primary replica has write access to
state and thus is generally when the service is performing actual
work. The RunAsync method in a stateful service is executed only when
the stateful service replica is primary. The RunAsync method is
cancelled when a primary replica's role changes away from primary, as
well as during the close and abort events.
P.s.s Long running operations are the devil when trying to write scalable systems. Try and tackle that now and save yourself the future pain if possibe.
To the first point - this is purely a client issue. Chrome saw my requests as indentical and so delayed the 2nd request until the 1st got a response. Varying the parameter of the requests allowed them to be served concurrently.

Workflow Waiting Forever

I have a workflow that runs when an entity is created and it creates two other entities and puts them on a queue. It then waits until each entity's status reason is set to done. After which is continues.
Basically two teams will work an order and then it will continue processing after both teams are done.
Most of the time it works. However sometimes it waits forever. I'll re-active and re-resolve the other tasks, but it just never wakes up.
What can I do? The workflows aren't really powerful enough for me to have it poll with a timeout (there are no loops). I'd like to avoid on-change plugins for these other entities to get workflow behavior all scattered about.
Edit:
Restarting the CRM services (not sure which did it, I restarted them all) allowed the workflow to resume. However, I'd still like to know how to make this more reliable.
I had the same problem (and a lot more) with workflows in CRM 2011 and decided not to use them (except for very special purposes).
The main reason is because of their very limited error handling. Another reason is that it is inconvenient to put them under source control. Another reasons are: Worflows cannot run offline and user impersonation is also not supported. For a comparison look here: http://goo.gl/9ht1QJ
Use plugins instead of workflows, then you have full control.
But keep in mind that plugins (unlike workflows) are not designed for long running tasks.
So they have a default max execution time of 120 sec and are not stateful/persisted. But in most cases (and i think also in your case) that is not a problem.
Just change your eventing a little bit:
Implement and register a plugin step for: entity is created and it creates two other entities and puts them on a queue
Implement and register another step: entity's status reason is set to done, query for other entity and check status, if done continue processing
If you really do not want use plugins for you business logic you can consider implementing a plugin which restarts/resumes faulted workflows.
But thats not a very nice solution.

How can make my database records automatic

is there any way i can make my records in the database to be automatic. e.g i want a message to be sent to helpdesk if a requested service is not attended within 24 hours, without clicking anything.
technically it depends on the database you are using. if the database supports it, you could set up a scheduled job to scan the records and identify late services and email the helpdesk.
if the database doesn't support scheduled tasks then you could set up a client job on a timer to do the same thing.
This is what application software is for.
When the application saves to the database, the application also sends an email.
The traditional approach to this is to schedule a job (there are too many ways[1] to do that for me to go into details without knowing your server operating system, DBMS, and how much control you have to install or schedule programs on the server).
Your scheduled job would regularly check the database for records that have not been attended, and then take the appropriate action such as emailing the support team.
[1] Just so that this is not left completely unanswered; some DBMS (ex. SQL Server) have built in job scheduling facilities. You could run a Windows service on the server to do this. If not, you might consider running a Windows Service on one of your own servers to access the website (a great way to waste bandwidth).
Use a scheduler like this one, found on rufus site. You could program it to run, for instance, every hour, and make it do the job without human interaction.
I am a Java shop myself and I've been using quartz. It is quite good and usable if you can adjust to jruby.
I've never liked database or operating system based solutions, since you might not control them and often get asked to run on different environments.
Here's a very simple background job handler for Ruby:
codeforpeople.rubyforge.org/svn/bj/trunk/README
Easy to install and use. Fairly lightweight. It uses a SQL backend for managing concurrency. Runs on multiple machines simultaneously if you need it to.

What Windows API to look into for building a scheduling application?

Why not use the Windows scheduler?
I have several applications that have to run at certain times according to business rules not the typical every weekday at 1pm.
I also need a way for the applications to provide feedback of their progress so that I can have rules that notify me when the applications are running slow or aren't even running anymore.
What Windows API should I be looking into? (like, a time version of the FileWatcher apis)
What's the best way to have the application notify the scheduler of its progress (files, sockets, windows messages, ???)?
For Vista/Win2k8, there's the nice Task Scheduler 2.0 API: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384138(VS.85).aspx. Previous version have the Task Scheduler 1.0 API, but I've never used it.
AppControls has a CronJob component that you can use to create scheduled events. This saves your program from having to wake up every minute and check the schedule itself. Instead, just schedule the job and indicate a callback method.
I have used this component for scheduling jobs myself and have been very happy with the way that it works.
I think what you really want is a common framework for your applications that report to something (you or the system messages or tracing or perfmon, event log, whatever) and also to receive via some inter process protocol a way to receive messages and respond.
based on the reporting you can change the scheduling or make changes, etc.
So, there is some monitor app, and then each of your other apps does common reporting.
events I can think of:
- started
- stopped
- error
- normal log messages
- and of course specific things your apps do.
I think there are probably existing classes/framework that do this - you'll have to check around.
If it were me, I would make a service that could talk to all the other apps and perhaps was even an http server. It would be able to route messages to particular apps and start stop those processes and query them.
There are lots of ways to do what you want though. those were just off the top of my head.
Alternatively you might just be able to get these to be services and they handle messages sent to them. Their normal processing does nothing until they are "woken up" with some task command.
You have more questions in one. Normally you should split them. But let's overlook this and try to answer.
To schedule certain events (including running an application): Use TJvScheduledEvents from JVCL. IMHO JVCL is the best Delphi open source library around with extensive number of components, developers & support. TJvScheduledEvents is quite neat, uses threads for event scheduling and also you have in JVCL a detailed editor for your events (it needs a small hack to use it though).
To provide 'feedback' from your applications to a (remote) central point: A very very very good solution (if your requirements permit) is to log the progress of your applications in a table (let's call it LOG) on a Firebird server. In LOG you can have the following fields: COMPUTER, USERNAME, APPNAME, MSG, LOGDATE (etc. etc.). In the After Insert trigger of the LOG table you can fire an event (let's call it NEW_LOG). In your console app you can register the interest for this event and so, your application will be automatically updated with everything which happens in any of your applications, so you can do log analysis, graphs etc. Of course you can do it with IB, but IB costs.
...going on Windows API route you need headers (which probably aren't translated), you'll encounter our dearest Pointers/PChars etc. etc. Of course, building from scratch everything isn't worthwhile but when this is already done in a Delphi way, why don't use it?
Use service with a timer that is fired regulary (for example each minute). It reads the schedule and looks if some are due before the next iteration. If so, you can execute them.
You can add an interface that shows all running apps. For the feedback and query that using a desktop application.

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