copy file into another file in prolog - prolog

Good morning/evening
how can I write something in a file and then copy its content into the current file?
for example I consult file1.pro then I have rule write something in file2.pro , after this rule finish its job I want append the content of the file2.pro int file1.pro .
when I tried to append into file1.pro directly , the data appear like undefined symbols ,I don't know why
please hellp me
thank you.

Specifics of the solution might depend on the Prolog dialect. Here I am using SWI-Prolog. SWI-Prolog allows you to open a file with open(SrcDest, Mode, Stream), where SrcDest will be your file name, Mode is read/write/append/update, and Stream is the "file descriptor" the system will return. The manual clarifies difference between appending and updating as follows: "Mode append opens the file for writing, positioning the file-pointer at the end. Mode update opens the file for writing, positioning the file-pointer at the beginning of the file without truncating the file."
To copy from one stream to another you should use copy_stream_data(Stream1,Stream2).
Finally, you should close the streams, otherwise the output file will be empty.
Putting everything together gives
copy(File1,File2) :- open(File1,read,Stream1), open(File2,write,Stream2),copy_stream_data(File1,File2),close(File1),close(File2).
If you need to rewrite the second file, just use update/append mode.

Related

[WinError 32]The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process:

I have code where I'm writing to a file, and the next time I run the code after the code successfully runs, it gives me the following error:
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process:'minicube_HE022222.fits'
So every single time I have to change the name of the fits file and then there are no errors. It's just really frustrating having to change the filename everytime I run the code. Here is my code snippet:
new_hdu = fits.HDUList([fits.PrimaryHDU(mini_data), fits.ImageHDU(mini_error)])
new_hdu[0].header = qso_header
new_hdu.writeto('minicube_HE022222.fits',overwrite=True)
new_hdu.close()
I get the error at:
new_hdu.writeto('minicube_HE022222.fits',overwrite=True)
I close the file after writing to it but that doesn't help either.
Any suggestions are appreciated.
Update:
Here is another portion of a code where this error occurs:
hdus=[]
hdus.append(fits.PrimaryHDU())
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[0,:,:],name='amp_Hb'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[1,:,:],name='amp_OIII5007'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[2,:,:],name='amp_OIII5007_br'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[3,:,:],name='amp_Hb_br'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[4,:,:],name='amp_Hb1'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[5,:,:],name='amp_Hb2'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[6,:,:],name='amp_Fe5018_1'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[7,:,:],name='amp_Fe5018_2'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[8,:,:],name='m'))
hdus.append(fits.ImageHDU(par[9,:,:],name='c'))
hdu = fits.HDUList(hdus)
hdu.writeto('subcube_par_HE12_lsq.fits',overwrite=True)
It's only at the 'xxx.writeto' where the error occurs. If there's another way I can write to a file or update the existing file with the new data, please let me know. Thanks
As this comment notes, the way file I/O works on Windows is such that you can't overwrite a file if you have that file already open in another process. Are you writing this file and opening it in another program? If you have that file open in any other program then you can't overwrite it.
Do you need to be able to make in-place updates the file while it is open in another program? If so that may still be possible, but you can't use HDUList.writeto() as that effectively deletes the existing file and replaces it with a new one (rather than updating the existing file in-place).
Also, how are you running this code? Is it in a script? You mentioned having to change the filename every time but you could design things such that you wouldn't have to. I noticed that you have the filename hard-coded in your code, and that can and should be fixed if you want to write a more versatile script. For example, you could accept the filename as command-line argument. You could also have the script append a number to the filename or something if the file already exists.
All that said, you should figure out why you have the same file open in multiple programs.
One small usage aside:
The new_hdu.close() in your example doesn't actually do anything. The HDUList.close() method only makes sense when you open an existing FITS file from disk. Here you're creating an HDUList (the data structure representing a FITS file) in memory, and calling the high-level HDUList.writeto() which opens a file, writes the in-memory data to that file, and the closes the file. So the .close() in this case is a no-op. I'm guessing maybe you added it to try to fix your problem, but it's actually not relevant.

Rules for file extensions?

Are there any rules for file extensions? For example, I wrote some code which reads and writes a byte pattern that is only understood by that specific programm. I'm assuming my anti virus programm won't be too happy if I give it the name "pleasetrustme.exe"... Is it gerally allowed to use those extensions? And what about the lesser known ones, like ".arw"?
You can use any file extension you want (or none at all). Using standard extensions that reflect the actual type of the file just makes things more convenient. On Windows, file extensions control stuff like how the files are displayed in Windows Explorer and what happens when you double click on it.
I wrote some code which reads and writes a byte pattern that is only
understood by that specific programm.
A file extension is only an indication of what type of data will be inside, never a guarantee that certain data formatted in a specific way will be inside the file.
For your own specific data structure it is of course always best to choose an extension that is not already in use for other file formats (or use a general extension like .dat or .bin maybe). This also has the advantage of being able to use an own icon without it being overwritten by other software using the same extension - or the other way around.
But maybe even more important when creating a custom (binary?) file format, is to provide a magic number as the first bytes of that file, maybe followed by a file header structure containing a version number etc. That way your own software can first check the header data to make sure it's the right type and version (for example: anyone could rename any file type to your extension, so your program needs to have a way to do some checks inside the file before reading the remaining data).

How to use text sent to console as input for a command line program that doesn't natively support that?

I know a few console redirect parameters, such as >, < and |.
But I can't figure out a way to do it. As an example, let's say I wanted to copy a file using copy. The normal operation would be copy sourceFile destinationFile.
What if I wanted the source file to be input from console? Something like copy <""File Contents here"" Destination file. Unfortunately that doesn't work.
My application is more complex, but I think an example using the copy utility will be easier to understand.

Ruby - Delete the last character in a file?

Seems like it must be easy, but I just can't figure it out. How do you delete the very last character of a file using Ruby IO?
I took a look at the answer for deleting the last line of a file with Ruby but didn't fully understand it, and there must be a simpler way.
Any help?
There is File.truncate:
truncate(file_name, integer) → 0
Truncates the file file_name to be at most integer bytes long. Not available on all platforms.
So you can say things like:
File.truncate(file_name, File.size(file_name) - 1)
That should truncate the file with a single system call to adjust the file's size in the file system without copying anything.
Note that not available on all platforms caveat though. File.truncate should be available on anything unixy (such as Linux or OSX), I can't say anything useful about Windows support.
I assume you are referring to a text file. The usual way of changing such is to read it, make the changes, then write a new file:
text = File.read(in_fname)
File.write(out_fname, text[0..-2])
Insert the name of the file you are reading from for in_fname and the name of the file you are writing to for 'out_fname'. They can be the same file, but if that's the intent it's safer to write to a temporary file, copy the temporary file to the original file then delete the temporary file. That way, if something goes wrong before the operations are completed, you will probably still have either the original or temporary file. text[0..-2] is a string comprised of all characters read except for the last one. You could alternatively do this:
File.write(out_fname, File.read(in_fname, File.stat(in_fname).size-1))

Writing above previous document content in ruby IO without deleting?

So I'm running a test and it feeds its results out to a html or a xls file. This is great. However, when I go on the file, as expected the test that was run last is at the bottom. I want it at the top so that its easy to get too. is this possible?
I've tried using, r, r+, w, w+, a, and a+. They can delete whatever is already there but not write above it.
Is it possible to do something even harder and get it to print my results below a header, and above the previous results? Thanks.
This is not Ruby but OS specific. There is no operation to "write on top" of a file like append for writing stuff to the end.
You have to read in the file, edit the contents and write it back out. You can do this line-based, i.e. reading the first lines, writing them, write your extra content, write back the rest of the lines.

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