I have a client who's CSV file does not contain any dates. They would like a timestamp to indicate as to when each row is loaded into their Oracle 11g database. The CSV file is being supplied by a vendor so I cannot modify the file. I have tried adding a default column value and an "after insert" trigger but with no luck. (Performance is not an issue as this is an off- hours process).
The control files looks like this:
options (skip=1, direct=true, rows=10000)
load data
infile data.dat
badfile sqldatatxtdata.bad
replace
into table LAM.CSV_DATA_TXT
fields terminated by ','
trailing nullcols
(ASSET, ASSET_CLASS, MATURITY, PRICE)
The table looks like such:
create table LAM.CSV_DATA_TXT (
ASSET VARCHAR2(20),
ASSET_CLASS VARCHAR2(50),
MATURITY varchar2(50),
PRICE NUMBER(12,8),
DATE_TIMESTAMP DATE default(SYSTIMESTAMP)
Any other ideas? Thanks.
Adding a TIMESTAMP column with a default value of SYSTIMESTAMP ought to worK:
SQL> create table t23
2 ( id number not null
3 , ts timestamp default systimestamp not null)
4 /
Table created.
SQL> insert into t23 (id) values (9999)
2 /
1 row created.
SQL> select * from t23
2 /
ID TS
---------- -------------------------
9999 25-APR-11 15.21.01.495000
SQL>
So you'll need to explain in greater detail why it doesn't work in your case.
I note that in your example you have created the column as a DATE datatype. This will mean it will truncate the defaulted SYSTIMESTAMP to the nearest second. If you want timestamp values you need to use the TIMESTAMP datatype.
Related
I have an EMP table with columns
emp_id(number(10)), ename varchar2(25) and DOB (date)
The count of records = 1billion.
The emp_id column is totally null and I have to fill it with unique values.
What are the 3 easy steps to complete the task?
Help me with Oracle PL/SQL code to finish this task.
Only 2 steps:
ALTER TABLE emp DROP COLUMN emp_id;
ALTER TABLE emp ADD (emp_id NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
db<>fiddle here
Again, 2 steps:
CREATE SEQUENCE emp__emp_id__seq;
UPDATE emp
SET emp_id = emp__emp_id__seq.NEXTVAL;
db<>fiddle here
One step:
If you have overwritten the column data then either ROLLBACK the last transaction or restore the data from backups.
The emp_id column is totally null and I have to fill it with unique values.
If you want to do it one-time-only, then just one step would do:
update emp set emp_id = rownum;
and that column will have unique values. You don't need PL/SQL (but be patient as 1 billion rows is quite a lot, it'll take time).
If you want to automatically populate it in the future, then it depends on database version you use. Before 12c, you'll have to use a sequence and a database trigger. In later versions, you can still use the same (sequence + trigger) or - as MT0 showed - identity column.
I'm creating tables in Oracle 11g table and came across one date field of format "YYYY-MM-DD".
I don't want to use varchar2 for this and when I use number(5), it's still accepting the input. Then what's the meaning of limit 5 here?
Please suggest me the best datatype I can use here.
This is, obviously, a date format mask. If you're about to store dates into that column, you should use the DATE datatype, such as
SQL> create table test
2 (datum date);
Table created.
Don't use VARCHAR2 (put strings into it, not dates) nor NUMBER (put numbers into it, not dates) datatypes for that. You'll regret it sooner than you think.
I'm going to enter some values into the table, showing different ways of how you could do that - it is important that you insert dates, not strings into it. Never rely on Oracle, implicitly converting strings you might provide to dates. Sooner or later, it'll produce an error.
SQL> insert into test values (date '2018-12-25');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values (to_date('09.05.2018', 'dd.mm.yyyy'));
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values (sysdate);
1 row created.
Now, several ways of selecting that value:
This one returns date in a format currently set by my database's NLS settings:
SQL> select * from test;
DATUM
--------
25.12.18
09.05.18
09.05.18
I'm forcing it to return values in desired format, using ALTER SESSION:
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd';
Session altered.
SQL> select * from test;
DATUM
----------
2018-12-25
2018-05-09
2018-05-09
Yet another format; note that value inserted via the SYSDATE function (which returns DATE) contains date and time component. It was "invisible" in previous examples:
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> select * from test;
DATUM
-------------------
25.12.2018 00:00:00
09.05.2018 00:00:00
09.05.2018 08:03:50
Using TO_CHAR function with some format (such as dd-mon-yyyy). I'm also requesting Oracle to "translate" month name into English (as my database works in Croatian):
SQL> select to_char(datum, 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'nls_date_language = english') datum from test;
DATUM
-----------
25-dec-2018
09-may-2018
09-may-2018
SQL>
[EDIT]
Oracle doesn't store DATE values in any "human" readable format (there's more to read on the Internet, Google for it). It is a format mask that represents that value to you.
I strongly suggest you NOT to store dates into any datatype column but DATE. It's a time bomb, waiting to explode (and then it'll hurt). Nobody stops you from entering a value as '1234-99-66' or '12-345-678'; what will you do with it, then?
Consider creating a view on a top of the table which uses TO_CHAR function and returns the value in a format you want ('yyyy-mm-dd'). DATE datatype column in a table makes sure that values are valid, and the view will let the third-party application to accept values it finds appropriate.
For example:
SQL> create view v_test as
2 select to_char(datum, 'yyyy-mm-dd') datum
3 from test;
View created.
SQL> select * from v_test;
DATUM
----------
2018-12-25
2018-05-09
2018-05-09
SQL>
So: you wouldn't let the third-party application to access the table, but the view instead.
How to increment the value of the unique constraint column value in ORACLE, in the select statement.
For example, in a table 'BILLING_TABLE' - column BLNG_Sk is the unique key (Autoincremented).
So while inserting a new record into the BILLING_TABLE, for the column BLNG_SK we need to give the value (Which is the increment by 1 from the present max value.)
For example, if BLNG_SK max value is 12321.
new record should be 12322.
how to achieve this in Oracle?
Oracle has a SEQUENCE object which provides the functionality you require.
You create one using the CREATE SEQUENCE SQL statement.
The Oracle documentation provides all the required information and the documentation is available via Oracle's Web site.
Assuming you are on Oracle 12.1 or later, define it as an identity column and do not pass any value when inserting:
create table testtable
( test_id number generated always as identity
constraint testtable_pk primary key
, othercol varchar2(10) );
insert into testtable (othercol) values ('Demo');
select * from testtable;
TEST_ID OTHERCOL
---------- ----------
1 Demo
insert into testtable (othercol) values ('Demo #2');
select * from testtable;
TEST_ID OTHERCOL
---------- ----------
1 Demo
2 Demo #2
Try creating a sequence and a trigger. This is the case when you provide the value manually.
CREATE SEQUENCE dept_seq START WITH 12322;
Trigger definition:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_bir
BEFORE INSERT ON BILLING_TABLE
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT dept_seq.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.id
FROM dual;
END;
/
In my Oracle SQL Developer, i have a table with a column with DATE format. When i insert a new row into this table, and insert a new value in this column, it automatically suggestes me the current date with the current hour.
I would like that it automatically suggestes me current date, but with 00:00:00 hour . Is there some setting or parameter that i can set in my SQL Developer to have this result?
We can't able to insert 00:00:00 hours ... the hour value should be between 1 to 12...
we can use below query to insert 00:00:00 hours but the value will be changed to 12:00:00
INSERT INTO TABLE (DATE_COL) VALUES
( TO_DATE ('11/16/2017 00:00:00 ', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS '));
It seems to me that your DATE column is set with a DEFAULT of SYSDATE. This means, for any INSERT operations which do not specify a value in your DATE column, the current date and time will populate for that row. However, if INSERT operations do specify a value in your DATE column, then the specified date value will supersede the DEFAULT of SYSDATE.
If an application is controlling INSERT operations on that table, then one solution is to ensure the application utilizes the TRUNC() function to obtain your desired results. For example:
INSERT INTO tbl_target
(
col_date,
col_value
)
VALUES
(
TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'DDD'),
5000
)
;
However, if there are multiple applications or interfaces where users could be inserting new rows into the table, (e.g. using Microsoft Access or users running INSERT statements via SQL Developer) and you can't force all of those interfaces to utilize the TRUNC() function on that column during insertion, then you need to look into other options.
If you can ensure via applications that INSERT operations will not actually reference the DATE, then you can simply ALTER the table so that the DATE column will have a DEFAULT of TRUNC(SYSDATE). A CHECK CONSTRAINT can be added for further integrity:
ALTER TABLE tbl_target
MODIFY
(
col_date DATE DEFAULT TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'DDD') NOT NULL
)
ADD
(
CONSTRAINT tbl_target_CHK_dt CHECK(col_date = TRUNC(col_date, 'DDD'))
)
;
However, if users still have the freedom to specify the DATE when inserting new rows, you will want to use a TRIGGER:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tbl_target_biu_row
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF col_val
ON tbl_target
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
:NEW.col_date := TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'DDD');
END tbl_target_biu_row
;
This will take of needing to manage the application code of all external INSERT operations on the table. Keep in mind, the above trigger is also modifying the DATE column if a user updates the specified value column.
I am trying to create a table that has a default value for a date that is sysdate - 2 in oracle
Oracle seems to be fine with sysdate as the default but not sysdate - 2. Is this possible?
You need to specify the DEFAULT value in brackets:
Create the table:
CREATE TABLE order_status (
order_id NUMBER,
last_modified DATE DEFAULT (SYSDATE - 2)
);
Insert a record to test the default:
INSERT INTO order_status
(order_id)
VALUES
(1);
Select the data from the table to confirm the default worked (Current date 14/11/2011):
SELECT *
FROM order_status;
ORDER_ID LAST_MODIFIED
1 12/11/2011
DB Version 10g.
Hope it helps...