I'm on OS X and writing a bash script to edit text in a file which includes some known text with special characters. There will be a variable too which needs to be retained and some text entered or replaced.
Here is the input file contents:
user_pref("intl.charsetmenu.browser.cache", "UTF-8");
user_pref("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris", "search.co.za");
user_pref("network.cookie.prefsMigrated", true);
I currently have this code:
existingTrusts=`more ~/prefs.js | grep "network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris" | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/);//g' | sed 's/"//g'`
trustSites="company.com,organisation.co.uk,$existingTrusts"
replacementValue='"user_pref("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris", "$trustSites");"'
sed -i 's/^user_pref("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris/$replacementValue/' ~/prefs.js > ~/newPrefs.js
Any help appreciated.
You are using too many pipes to set your existingTrusts variable. Set your variables like this:
existingTrusts=$(awk '/network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris/ {gsub(/"|\);/, "", $2); print $2}' ~/prefs.js)
trustSites="company.com,organisation.co.uk,$existingTrusts"
replacementValue='user_pref("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris", "'$trustSites'");'
# and now finally your sed command
sed 's/^user_pref("network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris".*$/'"$replacementValue"'/' ~/prefs.js > ~/newPrefs.js
Why so complicated?
trustedSites='company.com,organisation.co.uk,'
sed -i '' -e '/network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris/s/, "\([^"]*\)/, "'"${trustedSites}"'\1/' prefs.js
This is imperfect because
It uses unescaped . in a pattern where a literal . is presumed
It presumes , " will appear exactly as that exactly where expected
These things could be fixed.
Related
I have an text file, with line inside...
line: <version="AAA" email="...ANY..." file="BBB">
new desired line in text file to be: <version="AAA" email="NEW_TEXT" file="BBB">
I want to replace the ...ANY... expression with variable (replace entire line)
I have this script text-file script in #!/bin/bash, but I have problem when expanding double quotes in variables.
LINE_NUMBER="$(grep -nr 'email' *.txt | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/[^0-9]*//g')"
VAR1="$(grep 'email' *.txt | cut -d '"' -f1-3)"
VAR2="$(grep 'email' *.txt | cut -d '"' -f5-)"
VAR3='NEW_TEXT'
NEW_LINE=$VAR1'"'$VAR3'"'$VAR2
new desired line in text file to be... <version="AAA" email="NEW_TEXT" file="BBB">
awk -i inplace 'NR=='"$LINE_NUMBER"'{sub(".*",'"'$NEW_LINE'"')},1' *.txt
but I get this new line:
<version="" email="NEW_TEXT" file="">
what do I do wrong?
How can I prevent expand duouble quotes inside variable?
please better write me an working example, I had tried other topics, forums, posts....but I have no luck.
You cas use sed :
VAR3='NEW_TEXT'
sed -i "s/email=\"[^\"]*\"/email=\"$VAR3\"/" myfile.xml
Suggesting:
var3="text space % special < chars"
Note var3 may not contain & which is special replacement meaning in sed
sed -E 's|email="[^"]*"|email="'"${var3}"'"|' input.1.txt
Explanation
[^"]* : Match longest string not having " till next ".
I am trying to get a substring between &DEST= and the next & or a line break.
For example :
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SFO&ORIG=6546
In this I need to extract "SFO"
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SANFRANSISCO&ORIG=6546
In this I need to extract "SANFRANSISCO"
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=SANJOSE
In this I need to extract "SANJOSE"
I am reading a file line by line, and I need to update the text after &DEST= and put it back in the file. The modification of the text is to mask the dest value with X character.
So, SFO should be replaced with XXX.
SANJOSE should be replaced with XXXXXXX.
Output :
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=XXX&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=XXXXXXXXXXXX&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=XXXXXXX
Please let me know how to achieve this in script (Preferably shell or bash script).
Thanks.
$ cat file
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SFO&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=PORTORICA
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SANFRANSISCO&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=SANJOSE
$ sed -E 's/^.*&DEST=([^&]*)[&]*.*$/\1/' file
SFO
PORTORICA
SANFRANSISCO
SANJOSE
should do it
Replacing airports with an equal number of Xs
Let's consider this test file:
$ cat file
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SFO&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SANFRANSISCO&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=SANJOSE
To replace the strings after &DEST= with an equal length of X and using GNU sed:
$ sed -E ':a; s/(&DEST=X*)[^X&]/\1X/; ta' file
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=XXX&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=XXXXXXXXXXXX&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=XXXXXXX
To replace the file in-place:
sed -i -E ':a; s/(&DEST=X*)[^X&]/\1X/; ta' file
The above was tested with GNU sed. For BSD (OSX) sed, try:
sed -Ee :a -e 's/(&DEST=X*)[^X&]/\1X/' -e ta file
Or, to change in-place with BSD(OSX) sed, try:
sed -i '' -Ee :a -e 's/(&DEST=X*)[^X&]/\1X/' -e ta file
If there is some reason why it is important to use the shell to read the file line-by-line:
while IFS= read -r line
do
echo "$line" | sed -Ee :a -e 's/(&DEST=X*)[^X&]/\1X/' -e ta
done <file
How it works
Let's consider this code:
search_str="&DEST="
newfile=chart.txt
sed -E ':a; s/('"$search_str"'X*)[^X&]/\1X/; ta' "$newfile"
-E
This tells sed to use Extended Regular Expressions (ERE). This has the advantage of requiring fewer backslashes to escape things.
:a
This creates a label a.
s/('"$search_str"'X*)[^X&]/\1X/
This looks for $search_str followed by any number of X followed by any character that is not X or &. Because of the parens, everything except that last character is saved into group 1. This string is replaced by group 1, denoted \1 and an X.
ta
In sed, t is a test command. If the substitution was made (meaning that some character needed to be replaced by X), then the test evaluates to true and, in that case, ta tells sed to jump to label a.
This test-and-jump causes the substitution to be repeated as many times as necessary.
Replacing multiple tags with one sed command
$ name='DEST|ORIG'; sed -E ':a; s/(&('"$name"')=X*)[^X&]/\1X/; ta' file
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=XXX&ORIG=XXXX
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=XXXXXXXXXXXX&ORIG=XXXX
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=XXXXXXX
Answer for original question
Using shell
$ s='MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SFO&ORIG=6546'
$ s=${s#*&DEST=}
$ echo ${s%%&*}
SFO
How it works:
${s#*&DEST=} is prefix removal. This removes all text up to and including the first occurrence of &DEST=.
${s%%&*} is suffix removal_. It removes all text from the first & to the end of the string.
Using awk
$ echo 'MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=SFO&ORIG=6546' | awk -F'[=\n]' '$1=="DEST"{print $2}' RS='&'
SFO
How it works:
-F'[=\n]'
This tells awk to treat either an equal sign or a newline as the field separator
$1=="DEST"{print $2}
If the first field is DEST, then print the second field.
RS='&'
This sets the record separator to &.
With GNU bash:
while IFS= read -r line; do
[[ $line =~ (.*&DEST=)(.*)((&.*|$)) ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}fooooo${BASH_REMATCH[3]}"
done < file
Output:
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=fooooo&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHIS&DEST=fooooo&ORIG=6546
MYREQUESTISTO8764GETTHISWITH&DEST=fooooo
Replace the characters between &DEST and & (or EOL) with x's:
awk -F'&DEST=' '{
printf("%s&DEST=", $1);
xlen=index($2,"&");
if ( xlen == 0) xlen=length($2)+1;
for (i=0;i<xlen;i++) printf("%s", "X");
endstr=substr($2,xlen);
printf("%s\n", endstr);
}' file
I have the following lines:
Name Server:NS92.WORLDNIC.COM(or some other value)
Name Server:
Name Server:
Name Server:
Please see the screenshot for better understanding: http://imgur.com/q6Ir4lo
How do I get rid of the 'Name Server:' line but keep the line with the value?
I tried /Name Server:{0,0}/d but it deletes all lines.
Thanks
I was able to get the following two lines to work:
I believe the [:space:] is POSIX compliant:
cat test |sed '/^Name Server:[[:space:] \t]\?$/d'
An alternative is simply:
cat test |sed '/^Name Server:[ \t]\?$/d'
I've also found in sed, that most of the meta-characters (eg + ? ) need to be escaped for sed to recognize them correctly.
This works for me:
echo "Name Server:NS92.WORLDNIC.COM" | sed 's/^Name Server://'
cut -d ":" -f 2 < ff | sed '/^$/d'
Uses ':' as delimiter and splits the line (-d option), then selects the second field (-f option)
I want to write a small script to generate the location of a file in an NGINX cache directory.
The format of the path is:
/path/to/nginx/cache/d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
Note the last 6 characters: d8 40 32, are represented in the path.
As an input I give the md5 hash (13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032) and I want to generate the output: d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
I'm sure sed or awk will be handy, but I don't know yet how...
This awk can make it:
awk 'BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}{print $(NF-5)$(NF-4), $(NF-3)$(NF-2), $(NF-1)$NF, $0}'
Explanation
BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}. FS="" sets the input field separator to be "", so that every char will be a different field. OFS="/" sets the output field separator as /, for print matters.
print ... $(NF-1)$NF, $0 prints the penultimate field and the last one all together; then, the whole string. The comma is "filled" with the OFS, which is /.
Test
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}{print $(NF-5)$(NF-4), $(NF-3)$(NF-2), $(NF-1)$NF, $0}' <<< "13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032"
d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
Or with a file:
$ cat a
13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15f1f2f3
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}{print $(NF-5)$(NF-4), $(NF-3)$(NF-2), $(NF-1)$NF, $0}' a
d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
f1/f2/f3/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15f1f2f3
With sed:
echo '13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032' | \
sed -n 's/\(.*\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)\)$/\2\/\3\/\4\/\1/p;'
Having GNU sed you can even simplify the pattern using the -r option. Now you won't need to escape {} and () any more. Using ~ as the regex delimiter allows to use the path separator / without need to escape it:
sed -nr 's~(.*([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2}))$~\2/\3/\4/\1~p;'
Output:
d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
Explained simple the pattern does the following: It matches:
(all (n-5 - n-4) (n-3 - n-2) (n-1 - n-0))
and replaces it by
/$1/$2/$3/$0
You can use a regular expression to separate each of the last 3 bytes from the rest of the hash.
hash=13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
[[ $hash =~ (..)(..)(..)$ ]]
new_path="/path/to/nginx/cache/${BASH_REMATCH[1]}/${BASH_REMATCH[2]}/${BASH_REMATCH[3]}/$hash"
Base="/path/to/nginx/cache/"
echo '13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032' | \
sed "s|\(.*\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\)|${Base}\2/\3/\4/\1|"
# or
# sed sed 's|.*\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)$|${Base}\1/\2/\3/&|'
Assuming info is a correct MD5 (and only) string
First of all - thanks to all of the responders - this was extremely quick!
I also did my own scripting meantime, and came up with this solution:
Run this script with a parameter of the URL you're looking for (www.example.com/article/76232?q=hello for example)
#!/bin/bash
path=$1
md5=$(echo -n "$path" | md5sum | cut -f1 -d' ')
p3=$(echo "${md5:0-2:2}")
p2=$(echo "${md5:0-4:2}")
p1=$(echo "${md5:0-6:2}")
echo "/path/to/nginx/cache/$p1/$p2/$p3/$md5"
This assumes the NGINX cache has a key structure of 2:2:2.
I do some research on how to replace text between delimiters, but because of lack knowledge in awk and sed I couldn't adjust command for my problem. The most similar question I found here, but after adjusting command to awk '/^(name=|&)/{f=f?0:1}f&&/*/{$0="//" $0}1' file it didn't work. Also, I would like do replace using variable instead of doing replace in file. And if I didn't ask to much, very short explanation would be great :)
I have next url in variable $url and variable $new=unnamed384:
http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4
I need to replace text between "name=" and "&" with variable $new.
E.g. This is variable $url before:
http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4
This is variable $url after:
http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed384&file=4
How about:
$ new="unnamed384"
$ url="http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4"
$ sed "s/name=[^&]*/name=$new/" <<< $url
http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed384&file=4
s/(.*\?name=)[^\&]*(&.*)/$1$n$2/g
The above will do.
tested below(used with perl)
> echo "http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4"
http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4
> echo "http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4" | perl -lne '$n="unamed394";$_=~s/(.*\?name=)[^\&]*(&.*)/$1$n$2/g;print'
http://www.example.com/?name=unamed394&file=4
>
$new='unnamed384';
$echo 'http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed293&file=4' | awk -F'[=&]' '{ print $1"=""'"$new"'""&"$3"="$4 }'
http://www.example.com/?name=unnamed384&file=4