I want to write a small script to generate the location of a file in an NGINX cache directory.
The format of the path is:
/path/to/nginx/cache/d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
Note the last 6 characters: d8 40 32, are represented in the path.
As an input I give the md5 hash (13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032) and I want to generate the output: d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
I'm sure sed or awk will be handy, but I don't know yet how...
This awk can make it:
awk 'BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}{print $(NF-5)$(NF-4), $(NF-3)$(NF-2), $(NF-1)$NF, $0}'
Explanation
BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}. FS="" sets the input field separator to be "", so that every char will be a different field. OFS="/" sets the output field separator as /, for print matters.
print ... $(NF-1)$NF, $0 prints the penultimate field and the last one all together; then, the whole string. The comma is "filled" with the OFS, which is /.
Test
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}{print $(NF-5)$(NF-4), $(NF-3)$(NF-2), $(NF-1)$NF, $0}' <<< "13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032"
d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
Or with a file:
$ cat a
13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15f1f2f3
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=""; OFS="/"}{print $(NF-5)$(NF-4), $(NF-3)$(NF-2), $(NF-1)$NF, $0}' a
d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
f1/f2/f3/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15f1f2f3
With sed:
echo '13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032' | \
sed -n 's/\(.*\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)\([0-9a-f]\{2\}\)\)$/\2\/\3\/\4\/\1/p;'
Having GNU sed you can even simplify the pattern using the -r option. Now you won't need to escape {} and () any more. Using ~ as the regex delimiter allows to use the path separator / without need to escape it:
sed -nr 's~(.*([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2}))$~\2/\3/\4/\1~p;'
Output:
d8/40/32/13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
Explained simple the pattern does the following: It matches:
(all (n-5 - n-4) (n-3 - n-2) (n-1 - n-0))
and replaces it by
/$1/$2/$3/$0
You can use a regular expression to separate each of the last 3 bytes from the rest of the hash.
hash=13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032
[[ $hash =~ (..)(..)(..)$ ]]
new_path="/path/to/nginx/cache/${BASH_REMATCH[1]}/${BASH_REMATCH[2]}/${BASH_REMATCH[3]}/$hash"
Base="/path/to/nginx/cache/"
echo '13febd65d65112badd0aa90a15d84032' | \
sed "s|\(.*\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\)|${Base}\2/\3/\4/\1|"
# or
# sed sed 's|.*\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)$|${Base}\1/\2/\3/&|'
Assuming info is a correct MD5 (and only) string
First of all - thanks to all of the responders - this was extremely quick!
I also did my own scripting meantime, and came up with this solution:
Run this script with a parameter of the URL you're looking for (www.example.com/article/76232?q=hello for example)
#!/bin/bash
path=$1
md5=$(echo -n "$path" | md5sum | cut -f1 -d' ')
p3=$(echo "${md5:0-2:2}")
p2=$(echo "${md5:0-4:2}")
p1=$(echo "${md5:0-6:2}")
echo "/path/to/nginx/cache/$p1/$p2/$p3/$md5"
This assumes the NGINX cache has a key structure of 2:2:2.
Related
I have a file which looks like this (file.txt)
{"key":"AJGUIGIDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
{"key":"TJHJHJHDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
{"key":"YUUUIGIDH566","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
{"key":"HJHHIGIDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
{"key":"ATYUGUIDH556","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
{"key":"QfgUIGIDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
I want to loop trough this line by line an extract the key values.
so the result should be like ,
AJGUIGIDH568
AJGUIGIDH568
YUUUIGIDH566
HJHHIGIDH568
ATYUGUIDH556
QfgUIGIDH568
So I wrote a code like this to loop line by line and extract the value between {"key":" and ","rule": because key values is in between these 2 patterns.
while read p; do
echo $p | sed -n "/{"key":"/,/","rule":,/p"
done < file.txt
But this is not working. can someone help me to figure out me this. Thanks in advance.
Your sample input is almost valid json. You could tweak it to make it valid and then extract the values with jq with something like:
sed -e 's/squid/"squid/' -e 's/$/"}/' file.txt | jq -r .key
Or, if your actual input really is valid json, then just use jq:
jq -r .key file.txt
If the "random-txt" may include double quotes, making it difficult to massage the input to make it valid json, perhaps you want something like:
awk '{print $4}' FS='"' file.txt
or
sed -n '/{"key":"\([^"]*\).*/s//\1/p' file.txt
or
while IFS=\" read open_brace key colon val _; do echo "$val"; done < file.txt
For the shown data, you can try this awk:
awk -F '"[:,]"' '{print $2}' file
AJGUIGIDH568
TJHJHJHDH568
YUUUIGIDH566
HJHHIGIDH568
ATYUGUIDH556
QfgUIGIDH568
With the give example you can simple use
cut -d'"' -f4 file.txt
Assumptions:
there may be other lines in the file so we need to focus on just the lines with "key" and "rule"
the only text between "key" and "rule" is the desired string (eg, squid never shows up between the two patterns of interest)
Adding some additional lines:
$ cat file.txt
{"key":"AJGUIGIDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
ignore this line}
{"key":"TJHJHJHDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
ignore this line}
{"key":"YUUUIGIDH566","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
ignore this line}
{"key":"HJHHIGIDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
ignore this line}
{"key":"ATYUGUIDH556","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
ignore this line}
{"key":"QfgUIGIDH568","rule":squid:111-some_random_text_here
ignore this line}
One sed idea:
$ sed -nE 's/^(.*"key":")([^"]*)(","rule".*)$/\2/p' file.txt
AJGUIGIDH568
TJHJHJHDH568
YUUUIGIDH566
HJHHIGIDH568
ATYUGUIDH556
QfgUIGIDH568
Where:
-E - enable extended regex support (and capture groups without need to escape sequences)
-n - suppress printing of pattern space
^(.*"key":") - [1st capture group] everything from start of line up to and including "key":"
([^"]*) - [2nd capture group] everything that is not a double quote (")
(","rule".*)$ - [3rd capture group] everything from ",rule" to end of line
\2/p - replace the line with the contents of the 2nd capture group and print
I have the following file:
APP_VERSION.ts
export const APP_VERSION = 1;
This is the only content of that file, and the APP_VERSION variable will be incremented as needed.
So, the APP_VERSION could be a single digit number or multiple digit number, like 15 or 999, etc.
I need to use that value in one of my bash scripts.
use-app-version.sh
APP_VERSION=`cat src/constants/APP_VERSION.ts`
echo $APP_VERSION
I know I can read it with cat. But how can I parse that string so I can get exactly the APP_VERSION value, whether it's 1 or 999, for example.
sed -En 's/(^.*APP_VERSION.*)([[:digit:]]+.*)(\;.*$)/\2/p' src/constants/APP_VERSION
Using sed, split the line into three sections defined by opening and closing brackets. Substitute the line for second section on ( the version value) and print.
You may use this awk:
app_ver=$(awk -F '[[:blank:];=]+' '$(NF-2) == "APP_VERSION" {print $(NF-1)}' src/constants/APP_VERSION.ts)
echo "$app_ver"
1
You can concat some commands to remove everything else:
APP_VERSION=`cat src/constants/APP_VERSION.ts | awk -F '=' '{print $2}' | tr -d ' ' | tr -d ';'`
1 - Cat get all file content
2 - AWK gets all content after '='
3 - Remove space
4 - Remove ;
A simple
APP_VERSION=$(grep --text -Eo '[0-9]+' src/constants/APP_VERSION.ts)
should be enough
With bash only:
APP_VERSION=$(cat src/constants/APP_VERSION.ts)
APP_VERSION=${APP_VERSION%;}
APP_VERSION=${APP_VERSION/*= }
Line 2 removes the trailing ';', line 3 removes everything before "= ".
Alternatively, you could set APP_VERSION as an array, take 5th element, and remove trailing ';'.
Or, another solution, using IFS:
IFS='=;' read a APP_VERSION < src/constants/APP_VERSION.ts
In this version, the space will remain before version number.
Assuming that the task can be rephrased to "extract the digits from a file", there are a few options:
Delete all characters that aren't digits with tr:
version=$(tr -cd '[:digit:]' < infile)
Use grep to match all digits and retain nothing but the match:
version=$(grep -Eo '[[:digit:]]+' infile)
Read file into string and delete all non-digits with just Bash:
contents=$(< infile)
version=${contents//[![:digit:]]}
Hello everyone I'm a beginner in shell coding. In daily basis I need to convert a file's data to another format, I usually do it manually with Text Editor. But I often do mistakes. So I decided to code an easy script who can do the work for me.
The file's content like this
/release201209
a1,a2,"a3",a4,a5
b1,b2,"b3",b4,b5
c1,c2,"c3",c4,c5
to this:
a2>a3
b2>b3
c2>c3
The script should ignore the first line and print the second and third values separated by '>'
I'm half way there, and here is my code
#!/bin/bash
#while Loops
i=1
while IFS=\" read t1 t2 t3
do
test $i -eq 1 && ((i=i+1)) && continue
echo $t1|cut -d\, -f2 | { tr -d '\n'; echo \>$t2; }
done < $1
The problem in my code is that the last line isnt printed unless the file finishes with an empty line \n
And I want the echo to be printed inside a new CSV file(I tried to set the standard output to my new file but only the last echo is printed there).
Can someone please help me out? Thanks in advance.
Rather than treating the double quotes as a field separator, it seems cleaner to just delete them (assuming that is valid). Eg:
$ < input tr -d '"' | awk 'NR>1{print $2,$3}' FS=, OFS=\>
a2>a3
b2>b3
c2>c3
If you cannot just strip the quotes as in your sample input but those quotes are escaping commas, you could hack together a solution but you would be better off using a proper CSV parsing tool. (eg perl's Text::CSV)
Here's a simple pipeline that will do the trick:
sed '1d' data.txt | cut -d, -f2-3 | tr -d '"' | tr ',' '>'
Here, we're just removing the first line (as desired), selecting fields 2 & 3 (based on a comma field separator), removing the double quotes and mapping the remaining , to >.
Use this Perl one-liner:
perl -F',' -lane 'next if $. == 1; print join ">", map { tr/"//d; $_ } #F[1,2]' in_file
The Perl one-liner uses these command line flags:
-e : Tells Perl to look for code in-line, instead of in a file.
-n : Loop over the input one line at a time, assigning it to $_ by default.
-l : Strip the input line separator ("\n" on *NIX by default) before executing the code in-line, and append it when printing.
-a : Split $_ into array #F on whitespace or on the regex specified in -F option.
-F',' : Split into #F on comma, rather than on whitespace.
SEE ALSO:
perldoc perlrun: how to execute the Perl interpreter: command line switches
I have to format the width of a substring within a string using a bash script, but without using tokens or loops. A single character between two colons should be prepended by a 0 in order to match the standard width of 2 for each field.
For e.g
from:
6:0:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:0:c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:0:1:3
to
06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03
How can I do this?
sed -r 's/\<([0-9a-f])\>/0\1/g'
Search and replace with a regex. Use \< and \> to match word boundaries so [0-9a-f] only matches single digits.
$ sed -r 's/\<([0-9a-f])\>/0\1/g' <<< "6:0:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:0:c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:0:1:3"
06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03
awk -F: -v OFS=: '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) if(length($i)==1)gsub($i,"0&",$i)}1' file
Output:
06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03
This will divide the whole line into fields separated by : , if the length of any of the field is == 1. then it will replace that field with 0field.
Bash solution:
IFS=:; for i in $string; do echo -n 0$i: | tail -c 3; done
With
str="06:00:36:35:30:30:72:6c:73:00:0c:52:4c:30:31:30:31:30:30:30:31:36:39:00:01:03"
you can add a '0' to all tokens and remove those that are unwanted:
sed -r 's/0([0-9a-f]{2})/\1/g' <<< "0${str//:/:0}"
That doesn't feel right, making errors and repairing them.
A better alternative is
echo $(IFS=:; printf "%2s:" ${str} | tr " " "0")
I have a string having this formats:
aa_bb_cc_dd
aa_bb_cc_dd_ee_ff
I want to obtain:
bb_cc
bb_cc_dd_ee
I've tried 'cut', but I didn't manage to obtain what I wanted.
when using bash you can use built-ins for this task:
strip_headtail() {
local s=$1
## strip the head
s=${s#*_}
## strip the tail
s=${s%_*}
echo ${s}
}
strip_headtail aa_bb_cc_dd
strip_headtail aa_bb_cc_dd_ee_ff
you might want to check the bash-manual (man bash) for more information on this.
search for Remove matching prefix pattern resp. Remove matching suffix pattern.
With awk:
$ echo "aa_bb_cc_dd
aa_bb_cc_dd_ee_ff" | awk -F_ '{for(i=1;i<NF;i++) $i=$(i+1); NF=NF-2}1' OFS=_
bb_cc
bb_cc_dd_ee
Explanation
-F_ and OFS=_ set input and output field separator as _.
{for(i=1;i<NF;i++) $i=$(i+1); NF=NF-2} set each field as the next one, so the nth will be the (n+1)th. Then, decrease number of fields in 2.
With sed:
$ echo "aa_bb_cc_dd
aa_bb_cc_dd_ee_ff" | sed -e 's/^[^_]*_//' -e 's/_[^_]*$//'
bb_cc
bb_cc_dd_ee
Explanation
sed -e is used to do multiple commands.
's/^[^_]*_//' delete from the beginning up to first _.
's/_[^_]*$//' delete from last _ up to the end of line.