I'm trying to write a vlc module to control it with the wiimote.
http://wiki.videolan.org/Hacker_Guide/How_To_Write_a_Module
I'm using the library cwiid.h http://abstrakraft.org/cwiid/wiki/libcwiid
I'm on Kubuntu 11.10 and when I'm compiling my module with ./vlc -vvv --extraintf wiimote I've this message :
main interface warning: cannot load module `/home/staross/vlc/modules/control/.libs/libwiimote_plugin.so' (/home/staross/vlc/modules/control/.libs/libwiimote_plugin.so: undefined symbol: cwiid_find_wiimote)
The compilator can't find the library, there is a link problem.
the library is installed in this directory: /usr/local/include/cwiid.h
I've already try lot of things:
put the absolute path in the #include<>
Change the path of cwiid.h : /home/staross/vlc/include/
Modify the file ld.so.conf and add this lines:
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
include /usr/local/lib/*.h
Modify the configure.ac file and add theses lines
dnl
dnl Wiimote plugin
dnl
AC_ARG_ENABLE(wiimote,
[ --enable-wiimote wiimote support (default disabled)])
if test "${enable_wiimote}" = "yes"
then
AC_CHECK_HEADER(cwiid.h, AC_CHECK_LIB(cwiid, cwiid_open, have_cwiid="true", have_cwiid="false"), have_cwiid="false")
if test "${have_cwiid}" = "true"
then
VLC_ADD_PLUGIN([wiimote])
VLC_ADD_LIBS([wiimote],[-lcwiid])
fi
fi
Modify the Modules.am like that
SOURCES_hello = hello.c
SOURCES_wiimote = wiimote.c
SUBDIRS = globalhotkeys dbus
SOURCES_dummy = dummy.c
SOURCES_gestures = gestures.c
SOURCES_netsync = netsync.c
SOURCES_ntservice = ntservice.c
SOURCES_hotkeys = hotkeys.c
SOURCES_lirc = lirc.c
SOURCES_oldrc = rc.c
if HAVE_DARWIN
motion_extra = unimotion.c unimotion.h
else
motion_extra = $(NULL)
endif
SOURCES_motion = \
motion.c \
$(motion_extra) \
$(NULL)
libvlc_LTLIBRARIES += \
libdummy_plugin.la \
libgestures_plugin.la \
libnetsync_plugin.la \
libhotkeys_plugin.la \
libhello_plugin.la \
libwiimote_plugin.la
if !HAVE_WINCE
libvlc_LTLIBRARIES += \
liboldrc_plugin.la
if !HAVE_WIN32
libvlc_LTLIBRARIES += \
libmotion_plugin.la
else
libvlc_LTLIBRARIES += \
libntservice_plugin.la
endif
endif
And of course the code from wiimote.c
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include "config.h"
#endif
/* VLC core API headers */
#include <vlc_common.h>
#include <vlc_plugin.h>
#include <vlc_interface.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vlc_input.h>
#include <vlc_vout.h>
#include <vlc_aout.h>
#include <vlc_osd.h>
#include <vlc_playlist.h>
#include <cwiid.h>
#define BATTERY_STR_LEN 14
#define CHANNELS_NUMBER 4
#define VOLUME_TEXT_CHAN p_global_intf->p_sys->p_channels[ 0 ]
#define VOLUME_WIDGET_CHAN p_global_intf->p_sys->p_channels[ 1 ]
/* Forward declarations */
static int Open ( vlc_object_t * );
static void Close ( vlc_object_t * );
/*****************************************************************************
* Module descriptor
*****************************************************************************/
vlc_module_begin ()
set_shortname( N_("Wiimote") )
set_description( N_("Wiimote control interface") )
set_category( CAT_INTERFACE )
set_subcategory( SUBCAT_INTERFACE_CONTROL )
set_capability( "interface", 0 )
set_callbacks( Open, Close )
vlc_module_end ()
/*****************************************************************************
* intf_sys_t: description and status of interface
*****************************************************************************/
struct intf_sys_t
{
cwiid_wiimote_t* p_wiimote; /* wiimote handle */
struct cwiid_state state; /* wiimote state */
bdaddr_t bdaddr; /* bluetooth device address */
int p_channels[ CHANNELS_NUMBER ]; /* contains registered
* channel IDs */
uint16_t status;
};
/*****************************************************************************
* Local prototypes
*****************************************************************************/
static void Run( intf_thread_t * );
void cwiid_callback(cwiid_wiimote_t *wiimote, int mesg_count, union cwiid_mesg mesg[], struct timespec *timestamp);
void cwiid_btn(struct cwiid_btn_mesg *mesg);
static void DisplayVolume( intf_thread_t *p_intf, vout_thread_t *p_vout,
audio_volume_t i_vol );
static void ClearChannels( intf_thread_t *p_intf, vout_thread_t *p_vout );
/*****************************************************************************
* Open: initialize interface
*****************************************************************************/
static int Open( vlc_object_t *obj )
{
intf_thread_t *p_intf = (intf_thread_t *)obj; /* déclaration d'un Thread */
intf_sys_t *p_sys; /* déclaration d'un pointeur p_sys de type intf_sys_t */
p_intf->p_sys = p_sys = malloc( sizeof( intf_sys_t ) );
if( p_sys == NULL )
{
msg_Info(p_intf, "VLC_ENOMEM\n");
return VLC_ENOMEM;
}
/* #define BDADDR_ANY (&(bdaddr_t) {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}) */
p_sys->bdaddr = *BDADDR_ANY;
p_intf->pf_run = Run;
msg_Info(p_intf, "VLC_SUCCESS\n");
return VLC_SUCCESS;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Close: destroy interface
*****************************************************************************/
static void Close( vlc_object_t *obj )
{
intf_thread_t *p_intf = (intf_thread_t *)obj;
intf_sys_t *p_sys = p_intf->p_sys;
free( p_sys );
}
intf_thread_t *p_global_intf = NULL;
/*****************************************************************************
* Run: main loop
*****************************************************************************/
static void Run( intf_thread_t *p_intf )
{
p_global_intf = p_intf;
intf_sys_t *p_sys = p_intf->p_sys; /* déclaration d'un pointeur p_sys de type intf_sys_t */
struct cwiid_state state;
p_sys->status = 0;
msg_Err(p_intf, "Put Wiimote in discoverable mode (press 1+2) to connect it...\n");
cwiid_find_wiimote(&p_sys->bdaddr, 0);
msg_Info(p_intf, "Test\n");
}
So the question here is what can I do now to hope that the compilator will find the library and recognise the cwiid.h functions ?
Thank you!
I solved the problem:
objdump -T libwiimote_plugin.so
I modified the Makefile from vlc/modules/control/Makefile and add: LIBS_wiimote = -lcwiid
after
rm *wiimote*
rebuild with
make V=1 libwiimote_plugin.la
problem solved :)
Related
I constantly get this error, no matter what I'm doing... I have an ILI9488 with 4-wire SPI and a GT911 capacitive Touch driver on an ESP32 (2MB, no PSRAM, arduino core).
this is my main.ino-file:
#include <lvgl.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include "Goodix.h"
#define INT_PIN 26
#define RST_PIN 15
#define SDA_PIN 22
#define SCL_PIN 16
Goodix touch = Goodix();
#define DISPLAY_BUF_SIZE 480 * 10
static uint16_t display_widht = 480;
static uint16_t display_height = 320;
TFT_eSPI tft = TFT_eSPI(); /* TFT instance */
bool touched = false;
GTPoint touchDat;
static lv_disp_draw_buf_t draw_buf;
static lv_color_t buf[ DISPLAY_BUF_SIZE];
lv_disp_drv_t disp_drv; //display driver
lv_indev_drv_t touch_drv; //touchpad driver
void my_disp_flush( lv_disp_drv_t *disp, const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_t *color_p ){
uint32_t w = ( area->x2 - area->x1 + 1 );
uint32_t h = ( area->y2 - area->y1 + 1 );
tft.startWrite();
tft.setAddrWindow( area->x1, area->y1, w, h );
tft.pushColors( ( uint16_t * )&color_p->full, w * h, true );
tft.endWrite();
lv_disp_flush_ready( disp );
}
void handleTouch(int8_t contacts, GTPoint* points) {
Serial.printf("Contacts: %d\n", contacts);
if(contacts > 0) touched = true;
else touched = false;
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < contacts; i++) {
touchDat = points[0];
Serial.printf("C%d: %d %d \n", points[i].trackId, points[i].x, points[i].y);
}
}
/*Read the touchpad*/
void my_touchpad_read( lv_indev_drv_t * touch_drv, lv_indev_data_t * data ){
if( !touched ) //kein Touch
{
data->state = LV_INDEV_STATE_REL;
}
else //touch!
{
data->state = LV_INDEV_STATE_PR;
/*Set the coordinates*/
data->point.x = touchDat.x;
data->point.y = touchDat.y;
}
}
void i2cInit(){
Wire.setPins(SDA_PIN, SCL_PIN);
Wire.setClock(400000);
Wire.begin();
delay(100);
}
void touchInit() {
touch.setHandler(handleTouch);
touch.setRes(display_widht, display_height);
touch.setRotation(3);
touch.begin(INT_PIN, RST_PIN, GOODIX_I2C_ADDR_28);
Serial.print("Check ACK on addr request on 0x");
Serial.print(touch.i2cAddr, HEX);
Wire.beginTransmission(touch.i2cAddr);
if (!Wire.endTransmission()) {
Serial.println(": SUCCESS");
} else {
Serial.print(": ERROR!");
}
}
void tftInit(){
tft.begin();
tft.setRotation(3);
lv_disp_draw_buf_init( &draw_buf, buf, NULL, DISPLAY_BUF_SIZE ); //init draw Buffer
/*Initialize the display*/
static lv_disp_drv_t disp_drv;
lv_disp_drv_init( &disp_drv );
/*Change the following line to your display resolution*/
disp_drv.hor_res = display_widht;
disp_drv.ver_res = display_height;
disp_drv.flush_cb = my_disp_flush;
disp_drv.draw_buf = &draw_buf;
lv_disp_drv_register( &disp_drv );
/*Initialize the input device driver*/
static lv_indev_drv_t touch_drv;
lv_indev_drv_init( &touch_drv );
touch_drv.type = LV_INDEV_TYPE_POINTER;
touch_drv.read_cb = my_touchpad_read;
lv_indev_drv_register( &touch_drv );
//create simple label
lv_obj_t *label = lv_label_create( lv_scr_act() );
lv_label_set_text( label, "Hello World!!" );
lv_obj_align( label, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 0 );
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200); /* prepare for possible serial debug */
i2cInit();
touchInit(); //initialize touch
lv_init();
}
void loop() {
touch.loop();
lv_task_handler(); /* let the GUI do its work */
delay(5);
}
these are my main.ino and lv_config.h-files:
https://gist.github.com/kokospalme/a65448c1d10704066b9c6d2350c84a6d
even if I change LV_MEM_SIZE to something small like 1 or 10, I get the error, that " region `dram0_0_seg' overflowed by 22272 bytes". What am I doing wrong?
i'm trying to use FFmpeg with visual sudio 2022 .NET 6 through an MSVC project.
I followed this tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMNr1Su-nR8&ab_channel=HakanSoyalp.
I mean I have configureg Include (.h) file, library (.lib) files and dynamic (.dll) file copied into bin folder.
If I call for example the avformat_alloc_context() method inside the avformat.lib all work rightly, if I call for example av_file_map(...) inside the avutil.lib the compiler give me an error:
LNK2019 unresolved external symbol "int __cdecl av_file_map ...
But the avutil.lib is linked!!!
The same happen if I call other methods inside avutil.lib module.
Thanks for help...
Code:
extern "C"
{
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavutil/file.h> // av_file_map
}
int ConvertJPEGtoNALs(int argc, char* argv[])
{
AVFormatContext* fmt_ctx = NULL;
AVIOContext* avio_ctx = NULL;
uint8_t* buffer = NULL, * avio_ctx_buffer = NULL;
size_t buffer_size, avio_ctx_buffer_size = 4096;
char* input_filename = NULL;
int ret = 0;
struct buffer_data bd = { 0 };
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s input_file\n"
"API example program to show how to read from a custom buffer "
"accessed through AVIOContext.\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
input_filename = argv[1];
/* register codecs and formats and other lavf/lavc components*/
//av_register_all(); //!deprecated
/* slurp file content into buffer */
ret = av_file_map(input_filename, &buffer, &buffer_size, 0, NULL);
/* fill opaque structure used by the AVIOContext read callback */
bd.ptr = buffer;
bd.size = buffer_size; ???
if (!(fmt_ctx = avformat_alloc_context())) {
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto end;
}
//... to be continue ...
}
I am trying to write a proc driver that will print the driver history up till 10 last updates. In this driver, I haven't added the kernel data structure that I want to print. But, I am relying on the 'i' value to print the value up till 10. Here is my code.
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h> /** needed by all modules **/
#include <linux/kernel.h> /** This is for KERN_ALERT **/
#include <linux/proc_fs.h> /** This is for procfs **/
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h> /** character device **/
#include <linux/device.h> /** for sys device registration in /dev/ and /sys/class **/
/** For class registration to work, you need GPL license **/
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#define PROCFS_NAME "basicProcfs1"
static struct cdev basicCdev;
static struct class *basicDriverClass;
struct proc_dir_entry *procFileEntry = NULL;
static int basicMajorNumber = 0;
#define NUMBER_OF_MINOR_DEVICE (0)
#define NUM_MSG_HIST_ENTRIES (10)
static int gui32CmdMsgHistoryStartIndex=0;
/** This File operation table for proc file system **/
static int av_cmd_hist_show( struct seq_file *filp, void *v )
{
int i = *((int *)v);
printk("the av_cmd_hist_show called\r\n");
if ( i == 0)
{
seq_printf(filp, "Sequential print for debugging-- called for i-times i.e. 10 times \r\n");
}
seq_printf(filp, "Hello SJ proc! %d\r\n", i);
return 0;
}
static void av_cmd_hist_stop( struct seq_file *filp, void *v )
{
printk("av_cmd_hist_stop called..\r\n");
} /* av_cmd_hist_stop */
static void *av_cmd_hist_next( struct seq_file *filp, void *v, loff_t *pos )
{
(*pos)++;
printk("av_cmd_hist_next called..\r\n");
return( ( *pos < NUM_MSG_HIST_ENTRIES ) ? pos : NULL );
} /* av_cmd_hist_next */
static void *av_cmd_hist_start( struct seq_file *filp, loff_t *pos )
{
if( *pos == 0 )
{
printk("av_cmd_hist_start.. Initial..\r\n");
gui32CmdMsgHistoryStartIndex = 5;
}
printk("av_cmd_hist_start.. the *pos=0..\r\n");
return( ( *pos < NUM_MSG_HIST_ENTRIES ) ? pos : NULL );
} /* av_cmd_hist_start */
static struct seq_operations av_seq_cmd_hist_fops =
{
.start = av_cmd_hist_start,
.next = av_cmd_hist_next,
.stop = av_cmd_hist_stop,
.show = av_cmd_hist_show
};
static int basicProcShow(struct seq_file *m, void *v) {
seq_printf(m, "Hello SJ proc!\n");
return 0;
}
static int basicProcOpen(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int i;
i = seq_open( file, &av_seq_cmd_hist_fops );
return i;
//return single_open(file, basicProcShow, NULL);
}
/** Put data into the proc fs file **/
static const struct file_operations basic_proc_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = basicProcOpen,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = single_release,
};
static struct file_operations fops = {
.read = NULL,
.write = NULL,
.open = NULL,
.release = NULL
};
static void setup_cdev(struct cdev *dev, int minor, struct file_operations *fops)
{
int err = -1;
/** MKDEV call creates a device number i.e. combination of major and minor number **/
int devno = MKDEV(basicMajorNumber, minor);
/** Initiliaze character dev with fops **/
cdev_init(dev, fops);
/**owner and operations initialized **/
dev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->ops = fops;
/** add the character device to the system**/
/** Here 1 means only 1 minor number, you can give 2 for 2 minor device, the last param is the count of minor number enrolled **/
err = cdev_add (dev, devno, 1);
if (err)
{
printk (KERN_NOTICE "Couldn't add cdev");
}
}
static int chrDriverInit(void)
{
int result;
dev_t dev;
printk("Welcome!! Device Init now..");
/** int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned int firstminor,unsigned int count, char *name); **/
/** dev -> The dev_t variable type,which will get the major number that the kernel allocates. **/
/**The same name will appear in /proc/devices. **/
/** it is registering the character device **/
/** a major number will be dynamically allocated here **/
/** alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_num, FIRST_MINOR, COUNT, DEVICE_NAME); **/
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, NUMBER_OF_MINOR_DEVICE, "pSeudoDrv1");
if( result < 0 )
{
printk("Error in allocating device");
return -1;
}
/** From these two if's we are avoiding the manual mknod command to create the /dev/<driver> **/
/** creating class, and then device created removes the dependency of calling mknod **/
/** A good method - the mknod way is depreciated **/
/** mknod way is - mknod /dev/<driver_name> c <majorNumber> <minorNumber>
/** add the driver to /sys/class/chardrv **/
if ((basicDriverClass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "chardrv")) == NULL) //$ls /sys/class
{
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, 1);
return -1;
}
/** add the driver to /dev/pSeudoDrv -- here **/
if (device_create(basicDriverClass, NULL, dev, NULL, "pSeudoDrv") == NULL) //$ls /dev/
{
class_destroy(basicDriverClass);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, 1);
return -1;
}
/** let's see what major number was assigned by the Kernel **/
basicMajorNumber = MAJOR(dev);
printk("Kernel assigned major number is %d ..\r\n",basicMajorNumber );
/** Now setup the cdev **/
setup_cdev(&basicCdev,NUMBER_OF_MINOR_DEVICE, &fops);
/** Setup Proc Entry here **/
/** 0644 means -
* 0 - owning (user) : read and write - 110
* Group - only read - 100
* Other - only read - 100 **/
procFileEntry = proc_create(PROCFS_NAME, 0, NULL, &basic_proc_fops);
if ( procFileEntry == NULL)
{
remove_proc_entry(PROCFS_NAME, NULL);
}
return 0;
}
static void chrDriverExit(void)
{
/** A reverse - destroy mechansim -- the way it was created **/
printk("Releasing Simple Devs -- %s\r\n", __FUNCTION__);
/** delete the character driver added **/
cdev_del(&basicCdev);
/** destroy the device created **/
device_destroy(basicDriverClass, MKDEV(basicMajorNumber, 0));
/** destroy the class created **/
class_destroy(basicDriverClass);
/** unregister the chr dev **/
unregister_chrdev(basicMajorNumber, NUMBER_OF_MINOR_DEVICE);
remove_proc_entry(PROCFS_NAME, NULL);
}
module_init(chrDriverInit);
module_exit(chrDriverExit);
The dmesg logs are the following.
# dmesg
[14102.921743] Releasing Simple Devs -- chrDriverExit
[14163.285107] Welcome!! Device Init now..Kernel assigned major number is 244 ..
[14174.979098] av_cmd_hist_start.. Initial..
[14174.979103] av_cmd_hist_start.. the *pos=0..
[14174.979104] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979107] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979108] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979109] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979110] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979112] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979113] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979114] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979115] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979117] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979118] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979119] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979120] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979121] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979122] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979124] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979125] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979126] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979127] the av_cmd_hist_show called
[14174.979128] av_cmd_hist_next called..
[14174.979130] av_cmd_hist_stop called..
[14174.979231] av_cmd_hist_start.. the *pos=0..
[14174.979233] av_cmd_hist_stop called..
[14174.979250] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[14174.979252] kernel BUG at mm/slub.c:3483!
[14174.979254] invalid opcode: 0000 [#2] SMP
[14174.979258] Modules linked in: procfs_driver1(O) procfs_driver(O-) tcp_lp nfsv3 nfsv4 nfs fscache dns_resolver fuse vboxpci(O) vboxnetadp(O) vboxnetflt(O) 8021q garp stp llc binfmt_misc vboxdrv(O) tpm_bios snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_realtek fglrx(PO) snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_seq snd_seq_device snd_pcm iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support r8169 snd_timer mii e1000e snd i2c_i801 lpc_ich i2c_core soundcore snd_page_alloc coretemp kvm_intel kvm serio_raw video dcdbas microcode uinput nfsd lockd nfs_acl auth_rpcgss sunrpc crc32c_intel [last unloaded: procfs_driver1]
[14174.979297] Pid: 19055, comm: cat Tainted: P B D C O 3.6.11-4.fc16.i686 #1 Dell Inc. OptiPlex 9010/00F82W
[14174.979300] EIP: 0060:[<c0530891>] EFLAGS: 00210246 CPU: 5
The proc output is the following -
# cat /proc/basicProcfs1
Sequential print for debugging-- called for i-times i.e. 10 times
Hello SJ proc! 0
Hello SJ proc! 1
Hello SJ proc! 2
Hello SJ proc! 3
Hello SJ proc! 4
Hello SJ proc! 5
Hello SJ proc! 6
Hello SJ proc! 7
Hello SJ proc! 8
Hello SJ proc! 9
Segmentation fault
Sorry, I got the fix.
Erroneous code
static const struct file_operations basic_proc_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = basicProcOpen,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = single_release,
};
Right code-
static const struct file_operations basic_proc_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = basicProcOpen,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = seq_release,
};
I would appreciate, if someone can explain why it makes the difference.
It is crashing becasue of this return( ( *pos < NUM_MSG_HIST_ENTRIES ) ? pos : NULL );
(I do not have enough reputation to comment, so adding it as an answer) Regarding your question on why seq_release and not single_release, 'release' functions should compliment 'open' functions. Your open function here 'basicProcOpen' calls 'seq_open' so you should be calling seq_release.
If you look at single_release, in addition to seq_release, there is a kfree(op) which causes your crash.
623 int single_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
624 {
625 const struct seq_operations *op = ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->op;
626 int res = seq_release(inode, file);
627 kfree(op);
628 return res;
629 }
630 EXPORT_SYMBOL(single_release);
I have been following the Linux 2.6 Kernel Module Programming Guide, when I ran into the first example from Chapter 5, called procfs1.c.
It would not compile out of the box, and after checking various related questions, it still took me quite some time to figure out the correct changes to make it compile and work as intended.
Therefore, I am posting my updated code for people in the future. I am running kernel 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64.
Here is an updated version of the example that works with kernel version 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64.
/*
* procfs1.c - create a "file" in /proc
*
*/
#include <linux/module.h> /* Specifically, a module */
#include <linux/kernel.h> /* We're doing kernel work */
#include <linux/proc_fs.h> /* Necessary because we use the proc fs */
#define procfs_name "helloworld"
/**
* This structure hold information about the /proc file
*
*/
struct proc_dir_entry *Our_Proc_File;
static ssize_t procfile_read(struct file *filp,
char *buffer,
size_t length,
loff_t * offset)
{
int ret;
printk(KERN_INFO "procfile_read (/proc/%s) called\n", procfs_name);
if (*offset > 0) {
/* we have finished to read, return 0 */
ret = 0;
} else {
/* fill the buffer, return the buffer size */
ret = sprintf(buffer, "HelloWorld!\n");
*offset = ret;
}
return ret;
}
static struct file_operations fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = procfile_read,
};
int init_module()
{
Our_Proc_File = proc_create(procfs_name, S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, NULL, &fops);
if (Our_Proc_File == NULL) {
remove_proc_entry(procfs_name, NULL);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Error: Could not initialize /proc/%s\n",
procfs_name);
return -ENOMEM;
}
Our_Proc_File->uid = 0;
Our_Proc_File->gid = 0;
Our_Proc_File->size = 37;
printk(KERN_INFO "/proc/%s created\n", procfs_name);
return 0; /* everything is ok */
}
void cleanup_module()
{
remove_proc_entry(procfs_name, NULL);
printk(KERN_INFO "/proc/%s removed\n", procfs_name);
}
I'm a beginner to the Linux programming and trying my hands on some device driver examples while practising.
The below code (a trimmed down version of tiny_tty.c) loads perfectly using insmod and I'm able to see it in /proc/tty/drivers , /proc/modules and device nodes are getting created under /dev. When I try to write to device file like echo "abcd" > /dev/ttyms0 (I hope this is fine) or read like cat /dev/ttyms0, the kernel panics with a call trace on the screen. I'm on kernel 3.5.0 under Ubuntu. Unfortunately I'm not able to capture the trace , as when it panics I'm left with no option but reboot using power button. I believe some issue with timer is here, as the trace shows a line on top saying :
"*kernel bug at /build/buildd/linux-3.5.0/kernel/timer.c:901*", then the call trace , followed by
"*EIP is at add_timer+0x18/0x20*"
Below is the full code. Any guidance is very much appreciated in anticipation.
10May2013 : I tried initializing the timer in open function and this time below is the call trace for "kernel panic - not syncing : fatal exception in interrupt panic occurred, switching back to text console":
update_sd_lb_stats+0xcd/0x4b0
find_busiest_group+0x2e/0x420
enqueue_entity+0xcb/0x510
load_balance+0x7e/0x5e0
rebalance_domains+0xed/0x150
__do_softirq+0xdb/0x180
local_bh_enable_ip+0x90/0x90
<IRQ>
copy_to_user0x41/0x60
sys_gettimeofday+0x2a/0x70
sysenter_do_call0x12/0x20
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/slab.h> /* kmalloc() */
#include <linux/tty_driver.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/tty_flip.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/serial.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/termios.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#define MS_TTY_MAJOR 250 //test value
#define MS_TTY_NUM_DEV 2
#define DELAY_TIME HZ * 2 /* 2 seconds per character */
#define TINY_DATA_CHARACTER 't'
static int major_num;
//static int minor_num=0;
//static int num_tty_dev=2;
/* Below structure is a wrapper for device specific fields */
struct ms_tty_serial {
struct tty_struct *tty; /* pointer to the tty for this device */
int open_count; /* number of times this port has been opened */
struct semaphore sem; /* locks this structure */
struct timer_list *timer;
};
static struct ms_tty_serial *ms_tty_table[MS_TTY_NUM_DEV]; /* initially all NULL */
static void ms_tty_timer(unsigned long timer_data)
{
struct ms_tty_serial *ms_ptr = (struct ms_tty_serial *)timer_data;
struct tty_struct *tty;
char data[1] = {TINY_DATA_CHARACTER};
int data_size = 1;
if (!ms_ptr)
return;
tty = ms_ptr->tty;
tty->low_latency=1;
/* send the data to the tty layer for users to read. This doesn't
* actually push the data through unless tty->low_latency is set */
tty_buffer_request_room (tty, data_size);
tty_insert_flip_string(tty, data, data_size);
tty_flip_buffer_push(tty);
/* resubmit the timer again */
ms_ptr->timer->expires = jiffies + DELAY_TIME;
add_timer(ms_ptr->timer);
}
//// Define the open function ////
static int tty_ms_open(struct tty_struct *tty_this, struct file *file_this)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "tty_ms driver: OPENED ...\n");
struct ms_tty_serial *ms_ptr;
struct timer_list *timer;
int index;
/* initialize the pointer in case something fails */
tty_this->driver_data = NULL;
/* get the serial object associated with this tty pointer */
index = tty_this->index;
ms_ptr = ms_tty_table[index];
if (ms_ptr == NULL) {
/* first time accessing this device, create it */
ms_ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(*ms_ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ms_ptr)
return -ENOMEM;
// init_MUTEX(&ms_ptr->sem); /* didn't work for this kernel version 3.5.0 */
#ifndef init_MUTEX /* sema_init is to be used for kernel 2.6.37 and above */
sema_init(&ms_ptr->sem,1);
#else
init_MUTEX(&ms_ptr->sem);
#endif
ms_ptr->open_count = 0;
ms_ptr->timer = NULL;
ms_tty_table[index] = ms_ptr;
}
down(&ms_ptr->sem);
/* save our structure within the tty structure */
tty_this->driver_data = ms_ptr;
ms_ptr->tty = tty_this;
ms_ptr->filp = file_this; // to be tried
++ms_ptr->open_count;
if (ms_ptr->open_count == 1) {
/* this is the first time this port is opened */
/* do any hardware initialization needed here */
/* create timer and submit it */
if (!ms_ptr->timer) {
timer = kmalloc(sizeof(*timer), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!timer) {
up(&ms_ptr->sem);
return -ENOMEM;
}
ms_ptr->timer = timer;
}
init_timer (ms_ptr->timer); // to be tried
ms_ptr->timer->data = (unsigned long )ms_ptr;
ms_ptr->timer->expires = jiffies + DELAY_TIME;
ms_ptr->timer->function = ms_tty_timer;
add_timer(ms_ptr->timer);
}
up(&ms_ptr->sem);
return 0;
}
//// Define the close function ////
static void do_close(struct ms_tty_serial *ms_ptr)
{
down(&ms_ptr->sem);
if (!ms_ptr->open_count) {
/* port was never opened */
goto exit;
}
--ms_ptr->open_count;
if (ms_ptr->open_count <= 0) {
/* The port is being closed by the last user. */
/* Do any hardware specific stuff here */
/* shut down our timer */
del_timer(ms_ptr->timer);
}
exit:
up(&ms_ptr->sem);
}
static void tty_ms_close(struct tty_struct *tty_this, struct file *file_this)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "tty_ms driver: CLOSING ...\n");
struct ms_tty_serial *ms_ptr = tty_this->driver_data;
if (ms_ptr)
do_close(ms_ptr);
}
//// Define the write function ////
static int tty_ms_write(struct tty_struct *tty_this, const unsigned char *tty_buff, int count)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "tty_ms driver: WRITING ...\n");
struct ms_tty_serial *ms_ptr = tty_this->driver_data;
int i;
int retval = -EINVAL;
if (!ms_ptr)
return -ENODEV;
down(&ms_ptr->sem);
if (!ms_ptr->open_count)
/* port was not opened */
{
up(&ms_ptr->sem);
return retval;
}
/* fake sending the data out a hardware port by
* writing it to the kernel debug log.
*/
printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s - ", __FUNCTION__);
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
printk("%02x ", tty_buff[i]);
printk("\n");
return 0;
}
// Define the operations for tty driver in tty_operations struct //
static struct tty_operations tty_ms_ops = {
.open = tty_ms_open,
.close = tty_ms_close,
.write = tty_ms_write,
//.set_termios = tty_ms_set_termios,
};
///////////////////////////////////////// Module Initialization Starts ////////////////////////////////////
static struct tty_driver *tty_ms_driver;
static int tty_ms_init(void)
{
// static int result;
static int retval,iter;
// Allocate the tty_driver struct for this driver //
tty_ms_driver = alloc_tty_driver(MS_TTY_NUM_DEV);
if (!tty_ms_driver)
return -ENOMEM; // Error NO Memory , allocation failed
else
printk(KERN_INFO "tty_driver structure allocated..!!"); //debug line
// Initialize the allocated tty_driver structure //
tty_ms_driver->magic=TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC;
tty_ms_driver->owner = THIS_MODULE;
tty_ms_driver->driver_name = "tty_ms";
tty_ms_driver->name = "ttyms";
tty_ms_driver->major = MS_TTY_MAJOR,
tty_ms_driver->type = TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_SERIAL,
tty_ms_driver->subtype = SERIAL_TYPE_NORMAL,
tty_ms_driver->flags = TTY_DRIVER_REAL_RAW | TTY_DRIVER_DYNAMIC_DEV,
tty_ms_driver->init_termios = tty_std_termios;
tty_ms_driver->init_termios.c_cflag = B9600 | CS8 | CREAD | HUPCL | CLOCAL;
tty_set_operations(tty_ms_driver, &tty_ms_ops);
printk(KERN_INFO "allocated tty_driver structure -INITIALIZED."); //debug line
//// Register this driver with the tty core ////
retval = tty_register_driver(tty_ms_driver);
if (retval) {
printk(KERN_ERR "failed to register tty_ms driver\n tty registration returned %d", retval);
put_tty_driver(tty_ms_driver);
return retval;
}
//// Register the tty devices(nodes) with the tty core ////
for (iter = 0; iter < MS_TTY_NUM_DEV ; ++iter)
tty_register_device(tty_ms_driver, iter, NULL);
return 0; // All initializations done
} // init func ends
///////////////////////////////////////// Module Initialization Ends ////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////// Module cleanup Starts ////////////////////////////////////
static void tty_ms_terminate(void)
{
static int iter;
struct ms_tty_serial *tty_ser;
printk(KERN_ALERT "tty_ms driver: Unloading...\n");
for(iter=1;iter<=MS_TTY_NUM_DEV;iter++)
tty_unregister_device(tty_ms_driver,iter); //unregister all the devices, from tty layer
tty_unregister_driver(tty_ms_driver); // Now unregister the driver from tty layer
/* shut down all of the timers and free the memory */
for (iter = 0; iter < MS_TTY_NUM_DEV; ++iter) {
tty_ser = ms_tty_table[iter];
if (tty_ser) {
/* close the port */
while (tty_ser->open_count)
do_close(tty_ser);
/* shut down our timer and free the memory */
del_timer(tty_ser->timer);
kfree(tty_ser->timer);
kfree(tty_ser);
ms_tty_table[iter] = NULL;
}
}
dev_t devno=MKDEV(major_num,0); // wrap major/minor numbers in a dev_t structure , to pass for deassigning.
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,MS_TTY_NUM_DEV);
}
///////////////////////////////////////// Module cleanup ends ////////////////////////////////////
module_init(tty_ms_init);
module_exit(tty_ms_terminate);