I am running a command
./startup.sh nginx:start
and I am getting this error message
zsh: permission denied: ./startup.sh
why could this be happening?
Be sure to give it the execution permission.
cd ~/the/script/folder
chmod +x ./startup.sh
This will give exec permission to user, group and other, so beware of possible security issues. To restrict permission to a single access class, you can use:
chmod u+x ./startup.sh
This will grant exec permission only to user
For reference
Alternatively you can use bash:
bash startup.sh
Then you don't need execution permission.
In MacOS Catalina, Apple has replaced bash with zsh as default shell. This can mean, that they intend to remove bash in the future, so this might not be an option later, but with Catalina it still works.
Starting with macOS Catalina,
Your Mac uses zsh as the default login shell and interactive shell. You can make zsh the default in earlier versions of macOS as well.
How to change your default shell
Whether your user account is configured to use zsh (recommended), bash, or another shell, you can change the default shell from Users & Groups preferences or the command line.
From Users & Groups preferences
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, then click Users & Groups.
Click the lock , then enter your account name and password.
Control-click your user name in the list of users on the left, then choose Advanced Options.
Choose a shell from the ”Login shell” menu, then click OK to save the changes.
Follow link for more details - https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT208050
You need to grant execution permission to your file. Here's a way to do that.
Navigate to the folder that contains your file and run this command-
chmod 755 <filename>
The three digits of the number 755 represent permissions for the three types of users- Owner, Group, and Others.
So, 755 represents-
Digit (octal)
Binary
read
write
executable
for
7
111
1
1
1
owner
5
101
1
0
1
group
5
101
1
0
1
others
Thus this command gives all three permissions- read, write and executable to the owner, while only read and executable to group and others.
More details about permissions in MacOS/Linux are discussed here- https://askubuntu.com/questions/932713/what-is-the-difference-between-chmod-x-and-chmod-755
Another annoying error can be n typo in the sh script.
In the following example, the ZSH error message does confusing. ZSH does tell you zsh: permission denied: startup.sh. But you have access rights to your script. The issue is the invalid Shebang line in the script:
#!/usr/local/bin sh
The right Shebang line can be e.g.:
#!/usr/bin/env sh
Below worked for me but I don't know why.
My file permissions before making the below change were -rwxr-xr-x. Even though I had the execute permission but still i got the permission denied error.
I am using vs code editor. I executed chmod +x filename and the file permissions still remained the same. The only difference this time was that I was able to run the file. Something changed about the file but it's not visible. The reason why I say it's not visible is that in the source control tab of my editor, my new file and old file looked 100% the same. If I stash my changes and execute the file then again same error.
I don't know why and how it worked but it's worth a try.
I will be more than happy if someone can explain the reason to me why it did not work earlier as I had the same permissions? Also, what changed in my file which is not visible to me?
add sudo before command start, will save your time like
sudo anyTemninalCommand
I am trying to set adb path so I can access it easily from any directory.To set the path I am trying to edit the .bash_profile to insert the following line :
export PATH=$PATH:/Users/anshulsinghla/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/
Command I use to open file: open -e .bash_profile
But I always get a prompt saying "You Don't own the file .bash_profile and don't have permission to write to it. You can duplicate this document and edit the duplicate.Only the duplicate will include your changes".
I tried checking the who is the owner and what permission do they have with following command :
ls -la ~ | grep bash
Output:
-rw------- 1 anshulsinghla staff 6820 Jun 22 10:09 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 anshulsinghla staff 659 Jun 22 10:11 .bash_profile
It clearly shows I am the owner of the file and I do have read/write permissions but why it never let me edit the file, someone please help me.
Thanks
All the diagnostics have been using ~, so try:
open -e ~/.bash_profile
What did we learn from this? When diagnosing an error, always use exactly the same filename as was used in the error.
The original command did not try to edit .bash_profile in your home directory, yet in the comments everyone was looking at your home directory.
I created this simple script to allow the user to remove files created by the web server in his home directory without giving him "su". Both scripts are set with "chmod 4750".
The craziest thing is that they DID work and now they don't. Here's the scripts:
#!/bin/bash
# Ask for directory to delete
echo "Enter the file or directory you would like to delete, the assumed path is /home/user"
read DIRECTORY
rm -rf /home/user/"$DIRECTORY"
echo "Deleting /home/user/$DIRECTORY ..."
exit 0
2:
#!/bin/bash
# Reset permissions
echo "Resetting the ownership of the contents of /home/user to user."
chown -R user /home/user
exit 0
I will make them a little more advanced and work for multiple users but right now I cannot even get the simple version to work. It works when run as root of course. It used to work when run as user 'user' but now it doesn't. I get this:
user#dev:/home/user$ delete.sh
Enter the file or directory you would like to delete, the assumed path is /home/user/[your input]
test-dir
rm: cannot remove ‘/home/user/test-dir/test-file’: Permission denied
Deleting /home/user/test-dir ...
and
chown: changing ownership of ‘/home/user/test-dir’: Operation not permitted
What can possibly be the problem?
-rwsr-x--- 1 root user 291 Nov 6 05:23 delete.sh
-rwsr-x--- 1 root user 177 Nov 6 05:45 perms.sh
There is a pretty comprehansive answer at https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/364/allow-setuid-on-shell-scripts
Bottom line is that there are two main points against it:
A race condition between when the Kernel opens the file to find which interpreter it should execute and when the interpreter opens the file to read the script.
Shell scripts which execute many external programs without proper checks can be fooled into executing the wrong program (e.g. using malicious PATH), or expand variables in a broken way (e.g. having white space in variable values), and generally it has less control on how well the external programs it executes handle the input.
Historically, there was a famous bug in the original Bourne shell (at least on 4.2BSD, which is where I saw this in action) which allowed anyone to get interactive root shell by creating a symlink called -i to a suid shell script. That's possibly the original trigger for this being prohibited.
EDIT: To answer "How do I fix it" - configure sudo to allow users to execute only these scripts as user root, and perhaps use a trick like in https://stackoverflow.com/a/4598126/164137 to find the original user's name and force operation on their own home directory, instead of letting them pass in any arbitrary input (i.e. in their current state, nothing in the scripts you include in your question prevents user1 from executing the scripts and passing them users2's directory, or any directory for that matter)
So I did a command
sudo cp myfile /Desktop
my file was an executable and It changed my desktop to be an executable I need to reset to be a directory with permissions drwxrwxr-x+
Can someone please help Thanks
I think the correct command to change permissions on a file/folder is chmod or you could reset to default using umask (but I'm not sure about how to use this as well)
I want to run a shell script on startup
by google ,I found that I could add shell in rc.common
so I added the code below at the end of rc.common
is it a permission problem?
## rc.common test ##
touch ~/test.txt
reboot，there is no test.txt in my user fold
when I test it in terminal manualy ，it's ok
ls -l /etc/rc.common
-rw-r--r-- 1 guirong wheel 1737 3 30 22:36 /etc/rc.common
where is the problem? my system verison is 10.7.3
is it not ran by default in os x?
Just as an added bit of information about what was happening; /etc/rc.common runs as root, so when you were touching the file at ~/test.txt it would have been ending up in /var/root (the root user's home directory)
If you want the script to be run only for the current user, you should use ~/.bashrc instead
Later edit: I misread your question. If you want something to run at startup, you should look into launchd here