What are the difference between Oracle DATE and TIMESTAMP type?
Both have date and time component?
Also what is corresponding type in Java for these date types?
DATE and TIMESTAMP have the same size (7 bytes). Those bytes are used to store century, decade, year, month, day, hour, minute and seconds. But TIMESTAMP allows to store additional info such as fractional seconds (11 bytes) and fractional seconds with timezone (13 bytes).
TIMESTAMP was added as an ANSI compliant to Oracle. Before that, it had DATE only.
In general cases you should use DATE. But if precision in time is a requirement, use TIMESTAMP.
And about Java, the oracle.sql.DATE class from Oracle JDBC driver, provides conversions between the Oracle Date/Timestamp data type and Java classes java.sql.Date, java.sql.Time and java.sql.Timestamp.
Illustration of datetime data types in Oracle:
and supporting functions:
Related
I'm trying to store date type data from Oracle FORMS with format mask as like DD-MM-YYYY but every time it store as like DD/MON/YY.
I already alter session with NLS_DATE_FORMAT, but result is as same as before.
Oracle internal date format that is written in the table is something you can't change in any way, but, in the same time, it is irrelevant. If you are dealing with DATE type column then you should know that it containes both the date and the time. How, where and when you will show it or use it is on you. Here is a sample of a few formats derived from that original Oracle DATE format...
WITH
t AS
(
Select SYSDATE "MY_DATE_COLUMN" From Dual
)
Select
MY_DATE_COLUMN "DATE_DEFAULT_FORMAT",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'mm-dd-yyyy') "DATE_1",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'yyyy/mm/dd') "DATE_2",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'dd.mm.yyyy') "DATE_3",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss') "DATE_4"
From t
DATE_DEFAULT_FORMAT
DATE_1
DATE_2
DATE_3
DATE_4
22-OCT-22
10-22-2022
2022/10/22
22.10.2022
22.10.2022 10:59:44
You can find a lot more about the theme at https://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-basics/oracle-date/
Regards...
In Oracle, a DATE is a binary data-type consisting of 7-bytes (representing century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute and second). It ALWAYS has those 7 components and it is NEVER stored in any particular human-readable format.
every time it store as like DD/MON/YY.
As already mentioned, no, it does not store a date like that; the database stores dates as 7 bytes.
What you are seeing is that the client application, that you are using to connect to the database, is receiving the 7-byte binary date value and is choosing to convert it to something that is more easily comprehensible to you, the user, and is defaulting to converting the date to a string with the format DD/MON/RR.
What you should be doing is changing how the dates are displayed by the client application by either:
Change the settings in the Toad (View > Toad Options > Data Grids > Data and set the Date Format option) and allow Toad to implicitly format the string; or
Use TO_CHAR to explicitly format the date (TO_CHAR(column_name, 'DD-MM-YYYY')).
I'm trying to store data as like DD-MM-YYYY.
If you want to store a date then STORE it as a date (which has no format) and format it when you DISPLAY it.
If you have a valid business case to store it with a format then you will need to store it as a string, rather than as a date, because you can format strings; however, this is generally considered bad practice and should be avoided.
Sadman, to add to what others have posted I suggest you do not write your applications with reliance on the NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter but rather you screens and application should specify the expected DATE entry format and the code should use the TO_DATE function to store the data into the database. All application SQL should use the TO_CHAR function to format date output for display.
I try to insert the created field in my_table. The created field has a datetime type. In my_table the field my_created has a date format. So I try to TRUNC the created field. However I'm getting the error ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input stringwhile inserting the truncated value. It seems, that the time is still there but is reset to 00:00. how can I get only the date without time? It happens only in perl. I'm getting only date in toad.
Very simplified code looks like:
my $SQL="SELECT
TRUNC(CREATED),
FROM
DBA_OBJECTS";
my $sth = $db->prepare($SQL);
$sth->execute();
my $date = $sth->fetchrow();
$SQL = "INSERT INTO MY_TABLE
(MY_CREATED)
VALUES (?)";
my $stmt = $dbh_master->prepare($SQL);
$stmt->execute($date);
EDIT:
I found an ugly workaround and I'm executing it like this:
$stmt->execute(substr($date, 0, 10));
However maybe someone has a nicer solution.
How can I get only the date without time?
In Oracle, a DATE is a binary data type that is composed of 7 bytes representing: century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute and second. It ALWAYS has those binary components so if you want an Oracle DATE data type then you cannot get it without a time.
The Oracle DATE data type was released with Oracle version 2 in 1979 and predates the ANSI/ISO standard (of 1986, where a DATE does not have a time component) and Oracle has maintained backwards compatibility with their previous data types rather than adopting the ANSI standard.
If you use the TRUNC(date_value, format_model) function then it will set the binary components of the DATE, up to the specified format model, to the minimum (0 for hours, minutes and seconds, 1 for days and months) but it will NOT give you a data type that does not have a time component.
It happens only in perl. I'm getting only date in toad.
No, you are getting the entire 7 byte binary value in Toad; however, the user interface is only choosing to show you the date component. There should be a setting in the preferences that can set the date format in Toad which will let you see the entire date-time components.
Oracle SQL/Plus and SQL Developer use the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter and Toad may also be able to use that.
If you want to get the value as a DATE then it will always have a time component (even if you set that time component to zeros using TRUNC).
If you want to get the date so that it is formatted in a way without a time component then you need to convert it to another data type and can use TO_CHAR to format it as a string:
SELECT TO_CHAR(CREATED, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
FROM DBA_OBJECTS
But then you will be returning a (formatted) string and not a DATE data type.
I am very new to laravel and I have an input for date of birth whose format is DD-MM-YYYY, but I have a SQL Error because the default format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS, how can I change this default format?. This is my migration code for the specific date.
$table->date('date_of_birth');
Use :
$table->dateTime('date_of_birth');
Or,
$table->timestamp('date_of_birth');
timestamp and dateTime store a date (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) together in a single field i.e. YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
The difference between the two is that timestamp can use CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as it's value, whenever the database record is updated.
Their major difference is the range. For DateTime its up to year 9999 while for timestamp its only up to year 2038. Other differences include the amount of bytes needed to store each.
say my usual Date format is '14-jan-2019' and i want my date to only be accepted as 'YYYY-MM-DD' how do i do that? and can i change jan to an actual number?
In my opinion, the right / correct way to do that is to declare your date column (or variable or whatever it is) as DATE, e.g.
create table test (date_column date);
or
declare
l_date_variable date;
begin
...
Doing so, you'd let the database take care about valid values.
You'd then be able to enter data any way you want, using any valid date format mask, e.g.
to_date('06.01.2020', 'dd.mm.yyyy')
date '2020-01-06'
to_date('2020-06-01', 'yyyy-dd-mm')
etc. - all those values would be valid.
A DATE data type has no format - it is stored internally as 7-bytes representing year (2 bytes) and month, day, hour, minute and second (1 byte each).
'14-JAN-2019' is not a date - it is a text literal.
If you want to store date values then use a DATE data type.
If you want to only accept strings of a specific format as input then in whatever user interface you use to talk to the database then accept only that format. If you are converting strings to DATEs and wanting an exact format then you can use:
TO_DATE( '2019-01-14', 'fxYYYY-MM-DD' )
Note: the fx format model will mean that the exact format is expected and the typical string-to-date conversion rules will not be applied.
When I connect to
jdbc:hsqldb:mem:lbw;sql.syntax_ora=true
the statement
SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM dual
results in
2014-01-31 10:35:54
This is in opposite to connections without Oracle syntax mode, where CURRENT_DATE doesn't contain time.
As described in the HSQLDB documentation, DATE is interpreted as TIMESTAMP(0) in Oracle syntax mode. But in Oracle 10g itself, CURRENT_DATE behaves as expected (without time).
This difference seems to include DATE fields in general.
Why does HSQLDB behave this way?
Is there a way to disable the automatic conversion?
From the same HSQLDB documentation you linked to:
Datetime types
HSQLDB fully supports datetime and interval types and operations,
including all relevant optional features, as specified by the SQL
Standard since SQL-92. The two groups of types are complementary.
The DATE type represents a calendar date with YEAR, MONTH and DAY
fields.
The TIME type represents time of day with HOUR, MINUTE and SECOND
fields, plus an optional SECOND FRACTION field.
The TIMESTAMP type represents the combination of DATE and TIME types.
The Oracle compatibility section says:
The DATE type is interpreted as TIMESTAMP(0) in ORA syntax mode.
Oracle's DATE data type "contains the datetime fields YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, and SECOND". So it's equivalent to an HSQLDB TIMESTAMP(0) data type, and in Oracle mode it is treated as such.
Oracle dates always have a time component, even if it is all zeros for midnight. If your SQL client doesn't show it by default you can see that with select to_char(current_date, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), as others have already pointed out.
In normal non-Oracle mode HSQLDB is just treating the value as an SQL-standard DATE and dropping the time portion; in Oracle mode it preserves the time. There doesn't seem to be any way to selectively enable some aspects of the Oracle mode, so you're stuck with the time - really not sure why that is an issue though since it's just reflecting the data you have in your database. If you want to ignore the time you could always select trunc(current_date), which will take the time back to midnight; but it will still show as 2014-01-31 00:00:00 because it's still going to be treated as TIMESTAMP(0).