I have a directory which has 70000 xml files in it. Each file has a tag which looks something like this, for the sake of simplicity:
<ns2:apple>, <ns2:orange>, <ns2:grapes>, <ns2:melon>. Each file has only one fruit tag, i.e. there cannot be both apple and orange in the same file.
I would like rename every file (add "1_" before the beginning of each filename) which has one of: <ns2:apple>, <ns2:orange>, <ns2:melon> inside of it.
I can find such files with egrep:
egrep -r '<ns2:apple>|<ns2:orange>|<ns2:melon>'
So how would it look as a bash script, which I can then user as a cron job?
P.S. Sorry I don't have any bash script draft, I have very little experience with it and the time is of the essence right now.
This may be done with this script:
#!/bin/sh
find /path/to/directory/with/xml -type f | while read f; do
grep -q -E '<ns2:apple>|<ns2:orange>|<ns2:melon>' "$f" && mv "$f" "1_${f}"
done
But it will rescan the directory each time it runs and append 1_ to each file containing one of your tags. This means a lot of excess IO and files with certain tags will be getting 1_ prefix each run, resulting in names like 1_1_1_1_file.xml.
Probably you should think more on design, e.g. move processed files to two directories based on whether file has certain tags or not:
#!/bin/sh
# create output dirs
mkdir -p /path/to/directory/with/xml/with_tags/ /path/to/directory/with/xml/without_tags/
find /path/to/directory/with/xml -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f | while read f; do
if grep -q -E '<ns2:apple>|<ns2:orange>|<ns2:melon>'; then
mv "$f" /path/to/directory/with/xml/with_tags/
else
mv "$f" /path/to/directory/with/xml/without_tags/
fi
done
Run this command as a dry run, then remove --dry_run to actually rename the files:
grep -Pl '(<ns2:apple>|<ns2:orange>|<ns2:melon>)' *.xml | xargs rename --dry-run 's/^/1_/'
The command-line utility rename comes in many flavors. Most of them should work for this task. I used the rename version 1.601 by Aristotle Pagaltzis. To install rename, simply download its Perl script and place into $PATH. Or install rename using conda, like so:
conda install rename
Here, grep uses the following options:
-P : Use Perl regexes.
-l : Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which output would normally have been printed.
SEE ALSO:
grep manual
I want to go through a bunch of directories and rename all files that end in _test.rb to end in _spec.rb instead. It's something I've never quite figured out how to do with bash so this time I thought I'd put some effort in to get it nailed. I've so far come up short though, my best effort is:
find spec -name "*_test.rb" -exec echo mv {} `echo {} | sed s/test/spec/` \;
NB: there's an extra echo after exec so that the command is printed instead of run while I'm testing it.
When I run it the output for each matched filename is:
mv original original
i.e. the substitution by sed has been lost. What's the trick?
To solve it in a way most close to the original problem would be probably using xargs "args per command line" option:
find . -name "*_test.rb" | sed -e "p;s/test/spec/" | xargs -n2 mv
It finds the files in the current working directory recursively, echoes the original file name (p) and then a modified name (s/test/spec/) and feeds it all to mv in pairs (xargs -n2). Beware that in this case the path itself shouldn't contain a string test.
This happens because sed receives the string {} as input, as can be verified with:
find . -exec echo `echo "{}" | sed 's/./foo/g'` \;
which prints foofoo for each file in the directory, recursively. The reason for this behavior is that the pipeline is executed once, by the shell, when it expands the entire command.
There is no way of quoting the sed pipeline in such a way that find will execute it for every file, since find doesn't execute commands via the shell and has no notion of pipelines or backquotes. The GNU findutils manual explains how to perform a similar task by putting the pipeline in a separate shell script:
#!/bin/sh
echo "$1" | sed 's/_test.rb$/_spec.rb/'
(There may be some perverse way of using sh -c and a ton of quotes to do all this in one command, but I'm not going to try.)
you might want to consider other way like
for file in $(find . -name "*_test.rb")
do
echo mv $file `echo $file | sed s/_test.rb$/_spec.rb/`
done
I find this one shorter
find . -name '*_test.rb' -exec bash -c 'echo mv $0 ${0/test.rb/spec.rb}' {} \;
You can do it without sed, if you want:
for i in `find -name '*_test.rb'` ; do mv $i ${i%%_test.rb}_spec.rb ; done
${var%%suffix} strips suffix from the value of var.
or, to do it using sed:
for i in `find -name '*_test.rb'` ; do mv $i `echo $i | sed 's/test/spec/'` ; done
You mention that you are using bash as your shell, in which case you don't actually need find and sed to achieve the batch renaming you're after...
Assuming you are using bash as your shell:
$ echo $SHELL
/bin/bash
$ _
... and assuming you have enabled the so-called globstar shell option:
$ shopt -p globstar
shopt -s globstar
$ _
... and finally assuming you have installed the rename utility (found in the util-linux-ng package)
$ which rename
/usr/bin/rename
$ _
... then you can achieve the batch renaming in a bash one-liner as follows:
$ rename _test _spec **/*_test.rb
(the globstar shell option will ensure that bash finds all matching *_test.rb files, no matter how deeply they are nested in the directory hierarchy... use help shopt to find out how to set the option)
The easiest way:
find . -name "*_test.rb" | xargs rename s/_test/_spec/
The fastest way (assuming you have 4 processors):
find . -name "*_test.rb" | xargs -P 4 rename s/_test/_spec/
If you have a large number of files to process, it is possible that the list of filenames piped to xargs would cause the resulting command line to exceed the maximum length allowed.
You can check your system's limit using getconf ARG_MAX
On most linux systems you can use free -b or cat /proc/meminfo to find how much RAM you have to work with; Otherwise, use top or your systems activity monitor app.
A safer way (assuming you have 1000000 bytes of ram to work with):
find . -name "*_test.rb" | xargs -s 1000000 rename s/_test/_spec/
Here is what worked for me when the file names had spaces in them. The example below recursively renames all .dar files to .zip files:
find . -name "*.dar" -exec bash -c 'mv "$0" "`echo \"$0\" | sed s/.dar/.zip/`"' {} \;
For this you don't need sed. You can perfectly get alone with a while loop fed with the result of find through a process substitution.
So if you have a find expression that selects the needed files, then use the syntax:
while IFS= read -r file; do
echo "mv $file ${file%_test.rb}_spec.rb" # remove "echo" when OK!
done < <(find -name "*_test.rb")
This will find files and rename all of them striping the string _test.rb from the end and appending _spec.rb.
For this step we use Shell Parameter Expansion where ${var%string} removes the shortest matching pattern "string" from $var.
$ file="HELLOa_test.rbBYE_test.rb"
$ echo "${file%_test.rb}" # remove _test.rb from the end
HELLOa_test.rbBYE
$ echo "${file%_test.rb}_spec.rb" # remove _test.rb and append _spec.rb
HELLOa_test.rbBYE_spec.rb
See an example:
$ tree
.
├── ab_testArb
├── a_test.rb
├── a_test.rb_test.rb
├── b_test.rb
├── c_test.hello
├── c_test.rb
└── mydir
└── d_test.rb
$ while IFS= read -r file; do echo "mv $file ${file/_test.rb/_spec.rb}"; done < <(find -name "*_test.rb")
mv ./b_test.rb ./b_spec.rb
mv ./mydir/d_test.rb ./mydir/d_spec.rb
mv ./a_test.rb ./a_spec.rb
mv ./c_test.rb ./c_spec.rb
if you have Ruby (1.9+)
ruby -e 'Dir["**/*._test.rb"].each{|x|test(?f,x) and File.rename(x,x.gsub(/_test/,"_spec") ) }'
In ramtam's answer which I like, the find portion works OK but the remainder does not if the path has spaces. I am not too familiar with sed, but I was able to modify that answer to:
find . -name "*_test.rb" | perl -pe 's/^((.*_)test.rb)$/"\1" "\2spec.rb"/' | xargs -n2 mv
I really needed a change like this because in my use case the final command looks more like
find . -name "olddir" | perl -pe 's/^((.*)olddir)$/"\1" "\2new directory"/' | xargs -n2 mv
I haven't the heart to do it all over again, but I wrote this in answer to Commandline Find Sed Exec. There the asker wanted to know how to move an entire tree, possibly excluding a directory or two, and rename all files and directories containing the string "OLD" to instead contain "NEW".
Besides describing the how with painstaking verbosity below, this method may also be unique in that it incorporates built-in debugging. It basically doesn't do anything at all as written except compile and save to a variable all commands it believes it should do in order to perform the work requested.
It also explicitly avoids loops as much as possible. Besides the sed recursive search for more than one match of the pattern there is no other recursion as far as I know.
And last, this is entirely null delimited - it doesn't trip on any character in any filename except the null. I don't think you should have that.
By the way, this is REALLY fast. Look:
% _mvnfind() { mv -n "${1}" "${2}" && cd "${2}"
> read -r SED <<SED
> :;s|${3}\(.*/[^/]*${5}\)|${4}\1|;t;:;s|\(${5}.*\)${3}|\1${4}|;t;s|^[0-9]*[\t]\(mv.*\)${5}|\1|p
> SED
> find . -name "*${3}*" -printf "%d\tmv %P ${5} %P\000" |
> sort -zg | sed -nz ${SED} | read -r ${6}
> echo <<EOF
> Prepared commands saved in variable: ${6}
> To view do: printf ${6} | tr "\000" "\n"
> To run do: sh <<EORUN
> $(printf ${6} | tr "\000" "\n")
> EORUN
> EOF
> }
% rm -rf "${UNNECESSARY:=/any/dirs/you/dont/want/moved}"
% time ( _mvnfind ${SRC=./test_tree} ${TGT=./mv_tree} \
> ${OLD=google} ${NEW=replacement_word} ${sed_sep=SsEeDd} \
> ${sh_io:=sh_io} ; printf %b\\000 "${sh_io}" | tr "\000" "\n" \
> | wc - ; echo ${sh_io} | tr "\000" "\n" | tail -n 2 )
<actual process time used:>
0.06s user 0.03s system 106% cpu 0.090 total
<output from wc:>
Lines Words Bytes
115 362 20691 -
<output from tail:>
mv .config/replacement_word-chrome-beta/Default/.../googlestars \
.config/replacement_word-chrome-beta/Default/.../replacement_wordstars
NOTE: The above function will likely require GNU versions of sed and find to properly handle the find printf and sed -z -e and :;recursive regex test;t calls. If these are not available to you the functionality can likely be duplicated with a few minor adjustments.
This should do everything you wanted from start to finish with very little fuss. I did fork with sed, but I was also practicing some sed recursive branching techniques so that's why I'm here. It's kind of like getting a discount haircut at a barber school, I guess. Here's the workflow:
rm -rf ${UNNECESSARY}
I intentionally left out any functional call that might delete or destroy data of any kind. You mention that ./app might be unwanted. Delete it or move it elsewhere beforehand, or, alternatively, you could build in a \( -path PATTERN -exec rm -rf \{\} \) routine to find to do it programmatically, but that one's all yours.
_mvnfind "${#}"
Declare its arguments and call the worker function. ${sh_io} is especially important in that it saves the return from the function. ${sed_sep} comes in a close second; this is an arbitrary string used to reference sed's recursion in the function. If ${sed_sep} is set to a value that could potentially be found in any of your path- or file-names acted upon... well, just don't let it be.
mv -n $1 $2
The whole tree is moved from the beginning. It will save a lot of headache; believe me. The rest of what you want to do - the renaming - is simply a matter of filesystem metadata. If you were, for instance, moving this from one drive to another, or across filesystem boundaries of any kind, you're better off doing so at once with one command. It's also safer. Note the -noclobber option set for mv; as written, this function will not put ${SRC_DIR} where a ${TGT_DIR} already exists.
read -R SED <<HEREDOC
I located all of sed's commands here to save on escaping hassles and read them into a variable to feed to sed below. Explanation below.
find . -name ${OLD} -printf
We begin the find process. With find we search only for anything that needs renaming because we already did all of the place-to-place mv operations with the function's first command. Rather than take any direct action with find, like an exec call, for instance, we instead use it to build out the command-line dynamically with -printf.
%dir-depth :tab: 'mv '%path-to-${SRC}' '${sed_sep}'%path-again :null delimiter:'
After find locates the files we need it directly builds and prints out (most) of the command we'll need to process your renaming. The %dir-depth tacked onto the beginning of each line will help to ensure we're not trying to rename a file or directory in the tree with a parent object that has yet to be renamed. find uses all sorts of optimization techniques to walk your filesystem tree and it is not a sure thing that it will return the data we need in a safe-for-operations order. This is why we next...
sort -general-numerical -zero-delimited
We sort all of find's output based on %directory-depth so that the paths nearest in relationship to ${SRC} are worked first. This avoids possible errors involving mving files into non-existent locations, and it minimizes need to for recursive looping. (in fact, you might be hard-pressed to find a loop at all)
sed -ex :rcrs;srch|(save${sep}*til)${OLD}|\saved${SUBSTNEW}|;til ${OLD=0}
I think this is the only loop in the whole script, and it only loops over the second %Path printed for each string in case it contains more than one ${OLD} value that might need replacing. All other solutions I imagined involved a second sed process, and while a short loop may not be desirable, certainly it beats spawning and forking an entire process.
So basically what sed does here is search for ${sed_sep}, then, having found it, saves it and all characters it encounters until it finds ${OLD}, which it then replaces with ${NEW}. It then heads back to ${sed_sep} and looks again for ${OLD}, in case it occurs more than once in the string. If it is not found, it prints the modified string to stdout (which it then catches again next) and ends the loop.
This avoids having to parse the entire string, and ensures that the first half of the mv command string, which needs to include ${OLD} of course, does include it, and the second half is altered as many times as is necessary to wipe the ${OLD} name from mv's destination path.
sed -ex...-ex search|%dir_depth(save*)${sed_sep}|(only_saved)|out
The two -exec calls here happen without a second fork. In the first, as we've seen, we modify the mv command as supplied by find's -printf function command as necessary to properly alter all references of ${OLD} to ${NEW}, but in order to do so we had to use some arbitrary reference points which should not be included in the final output. So once sed finishes all it needs to do, we instruct it to wipe out its reference points from the hold-buffer before passing it along.
AND NOW WE'RE BACK AROUND
read will receive a command that looks like this:
% mv /path2/$SRC/$OLD_DIR/$OLD_FILE /same/path_w/$NEW_DIR/$NEW_FILE \000
It will read it into ${msg} as ${sh_io} which can be examined at will outside of the function.
Cool.
-Mike
I was able handle filenames with spaces by following the examples suggested by onitake.
This doesn't break if the path contains spaces or the string test:
find . -name "*_test.rb" -print0 | while read -d $'\0' file
do
echo mv "$file" "$(echo $file | sed s/test/spec/)"
done
This is an example that should work in all cases.
Works recursiveley, Need just shell, and support files names with spaces.
find spec -name "*_test.rb" -print0 | while read -d $'\0' file; do mv "$file" "`echo $file | sed s/test/spec/`"; done
$ find spec -name "*_test.rb"
spec/dir2/a_test.rb
spec/dir1/a_test.rb
$ find spec -name "*_test.rb" | xargs -n 1 /usr/bin/perl -e '($new=$ARGV[0]) =~ s/test/spec/; system(qq(mv),qq(-v), $ARGV[0], $new);'
`spec/dir2/a_test.rb' -> `spec/dir2/a_spec.rb'
`spec/dir1/a_test.rb' -> `spec/dir1/a_spec.rb'
$ find spec -name "*_spec.rb"
spec/dir2/b_spec.rb
spec/dir2/a_spec.rb
spec/dir1/a_spec.rb
spec/dir1/c_spec.rb
Your question seems to be about sed, but to accomplish your goal of recursive rename, I'd suggest the following, shamelessly ripped from another answer I gave here:recursive rename in bash
#!/bin/bash
IFS=$'\n'
function RecurseDirs
{
for f in "$#"
do
newf=echo "${f}" | sed -e 's/^(.*_)test.rb$/\1spec.rb/g'
echo "${f}" "${newf}"
mv "${f}" "${newf}"
f="${newf}"
if [[ -d "${f}" ]]; then
cd "${f}"
RecurseDirs $(ls -1 ".")
fi
done
cd ..
}
RecurseDirs .
More secure way of doing rename with find utils and sed regular expression type:
mkdir ~/practice
cd ~/practice
touch classic.txt.txt
touch folk.txt.txt
Remove the ".txt.txt" extension as follows -
cd ~/practice
find . -name "*txt" -execdir sh -c 'mv "$0" `echo "$0" | sed -r 's/\.[[:alnum:]]+\.[[:alnum:]]+$//'`' {} \;
If you use the + in place of ; in order to work on batch mode, the above command will rename only the first matching file, but not the entire list of file matches by 'find'.
find . -name "*txt" -execdir sh -c 'mv "$0" `echo "$0" | sed -r 's/\.[[:alnum:]]+\.[[:alnum:]]+$//'`' {} +
Here's a nice oneliner that does the trick.
Sed can't handle this right, especially if multiple variables are passed by xargs with -n 2.
A bash substition would handle this easily like:
find ./spec -type f -name "*_test.rb" -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} sh -c 'export file={}; mv $file ${file/_test.rb/_spec.rb}'
Adding -type -f will limit the move operations to files only, -print 0 will handle empty spaces in paths.
I share this post as it is a bit related to question. Sorry for not providing more details. Hope it helps someone else.
http://www.peteryu.ca/tutorials/shellscripting/batch_rename
This is my working solution:
for FILE in {{FILE_PATTERN}}; do echo ${FILE} | mv ${FILE} $(sed 's/{{SOURCE_PATTERN}}/{{TARGET_PATTERN}}/g'); done
I'm starting in the shell script.I'm need to make the checksum of a lot of files, so I thought to automate the process using an shell script.
I make to scripts: the first script uses an recursive ls command with an egrep -v that receive as parameter the path of file inputed by me, these command is saved in a ambient variable that converts the output in a string, follow by a loop(for) that cut the output's string in lines and pass these lines as a parameter when calling the second script; The second script take this parameter and pass they as parameter to hashdeep command,wich in turn is saved in another ambient variable that, as in previous script,convert the output's command in a string and cut they using IFS,lastly I'm take the line of interest and put then in a text file.
The output is:
/home/douglas/Trampo/shell_scripts/2016-10-27-001757.jpg: No such file
or directory
----Checksum FILE: 2016-10-27-001757.jpg
----Checksum HASH:
the issue is: I sets as parameter the directory ~/Pictures but in the output error they return another directory,/home/douglas/Trampo/shell_scripts/(the own directory), in this case, the file 2016-10-27-001757.jpg is in the ~/Pictures directory,why the script is going in its own directory?
First script:
#/bin/bash
arquivos=$(ls -R $1 | egrep -v '^d')
for linha in $arquivos
do
bash ./task2.sh $linha
done
second script:
#/bin/bash
checksum=$(hashdeep $1)
concatenado=''
for i in $checksum
do
concatenado+=$i
done
IFS=',' read -ra ADDR <<< "$concatenado"
echo
echo '----Checksum FILE:' $1
echo '----Checksum HASH:' ${ADDR[4]}
echo
echo ${ADDR[4]} >> ~/Trampo/shell_scripts/txt2.txt
I think that's...sorry about the English grammatic errors.
I hope that the question has become clear.
Thanks ins advanced!
There are several wrong in the first script alone.
When running ls in recursive mode using -R, the output is listed per directory and each file is listed relative to their parent instead of full pathname.
ls -R doesn't list the directory in long format as implied by | grep -v ^d where it seems you are looking for files (non directories).
In your specific case, the missing file 2016-10-27-001757.jpg is in a subdirectory but you lost the location by using ls -R.
Do not parse the output of ls. Use find and you won't have the same issue.
First script can be replaced by a single line.
Try this:
#!/bin/bash
find $1 -type f -exec ./task2.sh "{}" \;
Or if you prefer using xargs, try this:
#!/bin/bash
find $1 -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -I{} ./task2.sh "{}"
Note: enclosing {} in quotes ensures that task2.sh receives a complete filename even if it contains spaces.
In task2.sh the parameter $1 should also be quoted "$1".
If task2.sh is executable, you are all set. If not, add bash in the line so it reads as:
find $1 -type f -exec bash ./task2.sh "{}" \;
task2.sh, though not posted in the original question, is not executable. It has a missing execute permission.
Add execute permission to it by running chmod like:
chmod a+x task2.sh
Goodluck.
I have a bunch of files in a directory, old_dir. I want to:
remove the first line of each file (e.g. using "sed '1d'")
save the output as a new file with a prefix, new_, added to the original filename (e.g. using "{,new_}old_filename")
add these files to a different directory, new_dir, overwriting any conflicting filenames
How do I do this with a Bash script? Having trouble putting the pieces together.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
old_dir="/path/to/somewhere"
new_dir="/path/to/somewhere_else"
prefix="new_"
if [ ! -d "$old_dir" -o ! -d "$new_dir" ]; then
echo "ERROR: We're missing a directory. Aborting." >&2
exit 1
fi
for file in "$old_dir"/*; do
tail +2 "$file" > "$new_dir"/"${prefix}${file##*/}"
done
The important parts of this are:
The for loop, which allows you do to work on each $file.
tail +2 which is notation which should remove the first line of the file. If your tail does not support this, you can get the same result with sed -e 1d.
${file##*/} which is functionally equivalent to basename "$file" but without spawning a child.
Really, none of this is bash-specific. You could run this in /bin/sh in most operating systems.
Note that the code above is intended to explain a process. Once you understand that process, you may be able to come up with faster, shorter strategies for achieving the same thing. For example:
find "$old_dir" -depth 1 -type f -exec sh -c "tail +2 \"{}\" > \"$new_dir/$prefix\$(basename {})\"" \;
Note: I haven't tested this. If you plan to use either of these solutions, do make sure you understand them before you try, so that you don't clobber your data by accident.
I have a script that creates a file list of directories available in another path.
Now, I would like to do some tasks only if the Directory is of the format "YYYY_MM_DD_HH" in this file list.
My file list has following entries:
2014_04_21_01
asdf
2012_01_19_10
2010_01
Now I would like to move the directories with names as YYYY_MM_DD_HH to another path. I.e., only 2014_04_21_01 & 2012_01_19_10 MUST be MOVED.
Please advise.
Use bash regex pattern matching:
for dir in $list
do if [[ "$dir" =~ ^[0-9]{4}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}$ ]]
then mv "$dir" newdir/
fi
done
Assuming you have a GNU version of sed on your computer, you could use it to easily parse your directory names and execute a command.
Say we have following input file:
2014_04_21_01
asdf
2012_01_19_10
2010_01
2012_01_19_10_09
62012_01_19_10
You can search for your regex with sed and replace it with a mv command as follows:
sed 's/^[0-9]\{4\}\(_[0-9]\{2\}\)\{3\}$/mv "&" "other_dir"/' file_list
will output:
mv "2014_04_21_01" "other_dir" # We want to run this
asdf
mv "2012_01_19_10" "other_dir" # and this
2010_01
2012_01_19_10_09
62012_01_19_10
Now if you add the (GNU sed) e option at the end of sed substitution (and -n option before sed script to ensure only successul substitutions are executed), the generated command will be piped into your shell:
sed -n 's/^[0-9]\{4\}\(_[0-9]\{2\}\)\{3\}$/mv "&" "other_dir"/e' file_list
# ^^ ^
I would recommand to run it first without the e option so as to check that mv commands will be properly formatted.
Why to make separate file for file list. Just go in that directory execute following command. I have taken the destination directory as /home/newdir/
ls | grep [0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]_[01][0-9]_[0123][0-9]_[012][0-9] | awk '{print $0" /home/newdir/"}' | xargs mv
Be Careful while working with dates. As you have mentioned that file name is in format YYYY_MM_DD_HH then we have restrictions on MM,DD and HH. If we talk about restrictions then we know how a calendar is constructed. So 9999_99_99_99 is invalid file name. It is not satisfying YYYY_MM_DD_HH.
We have to build script for restrictions or I can say whole calendar. Still working on it.
Example:
perl -nle 'system("mv $_ dir/year$1") if /^(\d{4})_\d\d_\d\d_\d\d/$' flist
would extract the year and rename dir 2014_04_21_01 to dir/year2014
This single find command with -regex option should take care of this:
cd /base/path/of/these/dirs
find . -type d -regextype posix-egrep -regex '.*/[0-9]{4}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}_[0-9]{2}$' \
-exec mv '{}' /dest/dir/ \;