When seeking xterminal themes, one can find plenty with just a google search.
Here is a one:
*background: rgb:00/00/00
*foreground: rgb:a8/a8/a8
*color0: rgb:00/00/00
*color1: rgb:a8/00/00
*color2: rgb:00/a8/00
*color3: rgb:a8/54/00
*color4: rgb:00/00/a8
*color5: rgb:a8/00/a8
*color6: rgb:00/a8/a8
*color7: rgb:a8/a8/a8
*color8: rgb:54/50/54
*color9: rgb:f8/54/50
*color10: rgb:50/fc/50
*color11: rgb:f8/fc/50
*color12: rgb:50/54/f8
*color13: rgb:f8/54/f8
*color14: rgb:50/fc/f8
*color15: rgb:f8/fc/f8
So the background and foreground colors seem legitimate, however, what are the colors ranging from 0 to 15 for ? I can suppose programs like ls use them, since changing those 16 colors affect 'ls --color' output.
I'd be grateful if one could enlight my view of what those colors are or are for and how they affect colorschemes.
The names color0 through color15 are xterm resource names, which correspond to the ANSI (0-7) and aixterm-like (8-15) colors set using escape sequences. The resource names are listed in the xterm manual page, and the escape sequences in the XTerm Control Sequences. Various applications use these escape sequences, either via a library such as ncurses, or hardcoded. (GNU ls is in between -- it does not use the regular terminal database, but has its own different one which is a nuisance).
They are resources so that users can easily customize the color palette. For instance, the exact shade of blue used has been a matter of dispute.
There "could" be names for the resources for colors 16-255, except that there is a limit of 400 resource names in the X libraries (so xterm does not provide those names -- it grew past that limit in 2004).
Related
I'm attempting to get some data from an app called "Timing", which is local to my computer, and post it to a URL to notify a webhook, from which some process automation will occur.
According to the Applescript integration with Timing,
There is a time summary object that's returned from a command which I've successfully executed. When displayed as an alert, that data looks like this:
Can't get |times per project| of {id:5C6CD8C8-357F-4EE7-890C-5946DC03BBB9", overall total:1.18092493622303E+4, times per project:{Maintenance:81.091759443283, Youtube:4820.38001298904, |self improvement effors|:876.930474758148, Homework:2383.20326805115, |(no project)|:3647.64384698868}, overall total without tasks:1.18092493622303E+4, productivity score:0.388005592511, times per project without tasks:{Maintenance:81.091759443283, Youtube:4820.38001298904, |self improvement efforts|:876.930474758148, Homework:2383.20326805115, |(no project)|:3647.64384698868}, class:time summary}.
As you can see, (above), there is a property called productivity score, which is two words.
When attempting to get this datapoint from the object (which I will use to notify the webhook:)
set newnewVar to productivity score of newvar
display alert newvar
Obviously this wont work, because the variable name is two words. I've tried surrounding the name in quotes and surround it with other characters, but nothing seems to work, and the documentation for getting specific properties only has examples with variables with one word.
What's the solution to this problem?
In AppleScript, user-defined variables cannot generally have spaces. Typically they start with a letter or underscore, and then can contain only letters, numbers, or underscores. A user-defined variable can only contain spaces if it is contained within vertical pipes. So all of the following are valid variable forms: alphaUnit, slideRow3, _tempItem, |my variable|, left_hand_vector
However, any application or script that creates and uses a scripting definition can create commands and classes and properties that have multi-word names. For instance, if you look at the System Events app, you'll see that the Disk-Folder-File Suite has a class named disk item with properties like creation date. The reason this works is that these multi-word names are actually represented by a numeric (four-char) code: disk item is actually 'ditm' and creation date is 'ascd'. You often see these codes pop up in error strings like so:
"cannot make class ≪ditm≫ into..."
Make sure you have the scope right to invoke the dictionary — i.e. be within a tell block for the app or script that invokes the scripting dictionary — and the multi-word names should 'just work'. After compiling, you'll see them highlighted in a purple color that's just a bit different from the red of uncompiled text. You do not need to enclose dictionary terms in vertical pipes; if you do, they will be treated as user-defined variables and lose their special scripting purposes.
I am trying to inject key combinations (like ALT+.) into a tty using the TIOCSTI in Python.
For some key combinations I have found the corresponding hex code for Bash shells using the following table which works good.
From this table I can see that for example CTRL+A is '\x01' etc.
import sys,os,Queue
import termios,fcntl
# replace xx with a tty num
tty_name = "/dev/pts/xx";
parent_fd = os.open(tty_name, os.O_RDWR)
special_char = "Ctrl_a"
if special_char == "Ctrl_a":
send_char = '\x01'
if special_char == "Ctrl_e":
send_char = '\x05'
if special_char == "Ctrl_c":
send_char = '\x03'
fcntl.ioctl(self.parent_fd, termios.TIOCSTI, send_char)
But how can I get the hex codes for other combinations such as
ALT+f etc. I need a full list or a way how to get this information for any possible combo as I want to implement most bash shortcuts for moving, manipulating the history etc. to inject.
Or is there any other way to inject key-combinations using TIOCSTI ?
As I can only send single chars to a tty I wonder if there is anything else possible.
Thank you very much for your help!
The usual working of "control codes" is that the "control" modifier substracts 64 from the character code.
"A" is ASCII character 65, so "Ctrl-A" is "65-64=1".
Is it enough for you to extend this scheme to your situation?
So, if you need the control code for, for example, "Device Control 4" (ASCII code 20), you'd add 64, to obtain "84", which is "T".
Therefore, the control-code for DC4 would be "Control+T".
In the reverse direction, the value for "Control+R" (history search in BASH) is R-64, so 82-64=18 (Device Control 2)
ASCIItable.com can help with a complete listing of all character codes in ASCII
Update: Since you were asking specifically for "alt+.":
The 'Control mean minus 64" doesn't apply to Alt, unfortunately; that seems to be handled completely differently, by the keyboard driver, by generating "key codes" (also called "scancodes", variably written with or without spaces) that don't necessarily map to ASCII. (Keycodes just happen to map to ASCII for 0-9 and A-Z, which leads to much confusion)
This page lists some more keycodes, including "155" for "alt+."
I have many figures (graphs) in postscript (.eps) format that I wish to thicken the plots with.
I found the following code, but the output file is no different. I was wondering what I was doing wrong.
The code:
# get list of all arguments
set args = ($*)
# if not enough arguments, complain.
if ($#args < 2) then
echo "Usage: ps_thicken ps_file factor"
echo "Thickens all lines in a PostScript file by changing the linewidth macro."
echo "Result goes to standard output."
exit 1
endif
sed -e "s/^\/lw {\(.*\) div setlinewidth/\/lw {$2 mul \1 div setlinewidth/" $1
Now to execute this from my command line, I use the command (filename is ps_thicken, and has appropriate permissions):
./ps_thicken old_file.eps 10 > new_thick_file.eps
Which I thought should make everything 10x thicker, but it just doesnt change anything.
Any help would be greatly appreciated, I'm pretty new to shell script!
PostScript is a programming language, so it isn't really possible to make changes in an automated fashion like this. At least not without writing a PostScript program to do so!
Note that linewidth isn't a 'macro' (PostScript doesn't have macros) its am operator. What the code you've posted for sed does (if I recall sed well enough) is look for the definition of /lw and replace it with a modified version. The problem with that is that /lw is a function declartation in a particular PostScript program. Most PostScript programs won't have (or use) a function called 'lw'.
You would be much better to prepend the PostScript program code with something like:
/oldsetlinewidth /linewidth load def
/setlinewidth {2 div oldsetlinewidth} bind def
That will define (in the current dictionary) a function called 'setlinewidth'. Now, if the following program simply uses the current definition of setlinewdith when creating its own functions, it will use the redefined one above. Which will have the effect of dividing all line widths by 2 in this case. Obviously to increase the width you would use something like 2 mul instead of 2 div.
Note that this is by no means foolproof, its entirely possible for a PostScript program to explicitly load the definition of setlinewidth from systemdict, and you can't replace that (at least not easily) because systemdict is read-only.
However its unlikely that an EPS program would pull such tricks, so that should probably work well enough for you.
[based on comments]
Hmm, you mean 'failed to import' into an application or something else ?
If you're loading the EPS into an application then simply putting that code in front of it will break it. EPS (unlike PostScript) is required to follow some rules, so to modify it successfully you will have to follow them. This includes skipping over any EPS preview.
This is not really a trivial exercise. Your best bet is probably to run the files through Ghostscript, you can do a lot by harnessing a PostScript interpreter to do the work.
Start with the 2 lines of PostScript above in a file, then run the EPS file you want to 'modify' through Ghostscript, using the eps2write device. That will produce a new EPS which has the changes 'baked in'.
Eg (assuming the linewidth modifying code is in 'lw.ps'):
gs -sDEVICE=eps2write -o out.eps lw.ps file.eps
But be aware that the resulting EPS is a completely rewritten program and will bear no relation to the original. In particular any preview thumbnail will be lost.
I'd like to convert arbitrary PDF files to PDF/A with Ghostscript 9.15.
Is Ghostscript able to create PDF/A-3b conformant PDFs? There is no parameter which represents a PDF/A conformance level, so I assume there is no possibility. Or is there anything I have overlooked?
I was following a blog post where a Windows batch file is used to convert from PDF to PDF/A (see http://www.mcbsys.com/techblog/2013/04/batch-convert-pdf-to-pdfa/). The gs invokation in the batch is:
"%gs_path%\gswin64c" ^
-dPDFA ^
-dNOOUTERSAVE ^
-sProcessColorModel=DeviceRGB ^
-sDEVICE=pdfwrite ^
-o "GS_%file1%" ^
-dPDFACompatibilityPolicy=1 ^
"%currentdir%\PDFA_def.ps" ^
%inputfilelist%
The PDFA_def.ps is an adjusted version of the official one:
%!
% This prefix file for creating a PDF/A document is derived from
% the sample included with Ghostscript 9.07, released under the
% GNU Affero General Public License.
% Modified 4/15/2013 by MCB Systems.
% Feel free to modify entries marked with "Customize".
% This assumes an ICC profile to reside in the file (AdobeRGB1998.icc),
% unless the user modifies the corresponding line below.
% The color space described by the ICC profile must correspond to the
% ProcessColorModel specified when using this prefix file (GRAY with
% DeviceGray, RGB with DeviceRGB, and CMYK with DeviceCMYK).
% Define entries in the document Info dictionary :
/ICCProfile (... PATH TO ... AdobeRGB1998.icc) % Customize.
def
[ /Title (Title) % Customize.
/DOCINFO pdfmark
% Define an ICC profile :
[/_objdef {icc_PDFA} /type /stream /OBJ pdfmark
[{icc_PDFA} <</N systemdict /ProcessColorModel get /DeviceGray eq {1} {systemdict /ProcessColorModel get /DeviceRGB eq {3} {4} ifelse} ifelse >> /PUT pdfmark
[{icc_PDFA} ICCProfile (r) file /PUT pdfmark
% Define the output intent dictionary :
[/_objdef {OutputIntent_PDFA} /type /dict /OBJ pdfmark
[{OutputIntent_PDFA} <<
/Type /OutputIntent % Must be so (the standard requires).
/S /GTS_PDFA1 % Must be so (the standard requires).
/DestOutputProfile {icc_PDFA} % Must be so (see above).
/OutputConditionIdentifier (AdobeRGB1998) % Customize
>> /PUT pdfmark
[{Catalog} <</OutputIntents [ {OutputIntent_PDFA} ]>> /PUT pdfmark
So, I use AdobeRGB1998.icc which is obviously useable for PDF files with RGB color space. Depending on the -sProcessColorModel value (DEVICERGB) a correct value is printed out.
The conversion works for all files. But when I validate the created PDF file against PDF/A-1b, I get different results depending whether the input file has RGB color space or not (e.g. CMYK). So, when I have an input PDF file which uses CMYK color space, the file gets converted by the script, but the validator says something like this:
input.pdf", 1, 38, 0x03418614, "A device-specific color space (DeviceCMYK) without an appropriate output intent is used.", 1
"output.pdf", 20, 0, 0x83410612, "The document does not conform to the requested standard.", 1
My question: Is there a way to get the conversion done for arbitrary files (i.e. independent of the used color space in the input file)?
Update
#KenS Thanks for your answer. I've updated my initial post to clarify what I want to achieve.
To make it more explicit, I will use an example. There are two files: input1.pdf (seems to use RGB) and input2.pdf (seems to use CMYK). I want to convert both of them to PDF/A-1. Thanks to your hint, I've let go of the above mentioned batch script and instead tested the command directly in the command line. After reading Ps2pdf.htm#PDFA, I have adjusted the (official) PDFA_def.ps so that AdobeRGB1998.icc is used. Then I invoked the following command on both input files (replaced output1.pdf by output2.pdf and input1.pdf by input2.pdf for the second file):
gswin64c.exe -dPDFA=1 -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dNOOUTERSAVE \
-sColorConversionStrategy=/RGB \
-sOutputICCProfile=AdobeRGB1998.icc -sDEVICE=pdfwrite \
-sOutputFile=output1.pdf -dPDFACompatibilityPolicy=1 \
"PATH/TO/OFFICIAL/PDFA_def.ps" input1.pdf
The conversion was done without any errors. The output1.pdf seems to be valid, but the output2.pdf is still invalid (tested with 3heights Validator):
"output2.pdf", 1, 40, 0x03418614, "A device-specific color space (DeviceCMYK) without an appropriate output intent is used.", 1
"output2.pdf", 20, 0, 0x83410612, "The document does not conform to the requested standard.", 1
So when I understand your answer correctly, the above command should produce a pdf file which uses the RGB color space - independent of the color space of the input file. If the input file uses CMYK, than the colors have to be translated into RGB with the above command.
When I interpret the first error message correctly, the used color space in the output2.pdf is still CMYK (although the command parameters like ColorConversionStrategy=/RGB). Since I used AdobeRGB1998.icc, the validation error appears.
What am I missing in the above command?
Going back to my original question (which is one step further): Instead of always converting to RGB (or CMYK), I wanted to somehow detect which color space is used in the input file and then dynamically switch to a RGB or CMYK icc file. Is it possible to achieve that?
Ghostscript does not support PDF/A-3. The conformance parameter you are looking for is -dPDFA= where valid values are nothing (defaults to 1), 1 or 2. You can find this documented in ghostpdl/gs/doc/ps2pdf/htm#PDFA
I'm not sure what you are asking for here though. You must either create a PDF/A file (in level 1 or 2 anyway, I haven't read the revision 3 spec yet) which is RGB or CMYK, because you aren't allowed to use both (you can convert everything to device independent colour of course). The colour space used in the input isn't relevant, other than to decide whether it needs to be converted.
This is something you need to decide, we can't decide it for you. One important reason is that the OutputIntent must be consistent with either RGB or CMYK, and the pdfwrite device doesn't check it, it assumes you chose one which matches the device space you are using for the PDF file (by the way, don't set the ProcessColorModel, use ColorConversionStrategy instead) In your case you have set OutputIntent to AdobeRGB1988 so your colours must be specified either in device independent colour, or RGB.
Given the errors you quote, I would suggest the problem is that you haven't specified -sColorConversionStrategy, so the input colours are not being converted to the required device space. I would further guess that the script you copied this from set -dUseCIEColor, and you didn't copy that bit. DO NOT set -dUseCIEColor, its a horrbile ancient piece of PostScript hackery. Instead set ColorConversionStrategy, which will convert colours in a much better way, as required.
Updated answer as this started getting too long for a comment:
I can't immediately see any problems with your command line, can you share an example PDF file ? Its much easier to investigate these things with a solid example. I know from our customers and other free users that pdfwrite is capable of producing conforming PDF/A-1b files.
Regarding the second question; its not possible to do that because currently you need to set the OutputIntentProfile to either a CMYK one or an RGB one before you start. You can't just run through the input PDF file until you come to a colour operation and then decide. If you feel like some programming it could be done by modifying pdfwrite, because the profile isn't actually used till the output is closed.
One problem is that, in order to do the colour conversion, you need to set the underlying ProcessColorModel (this is done for you automatically by ColorConversionStategy). The only way to change ProcessColorModel is to execute a setpagedevice, which causes an erasepage. Now I think that's actually fixable with pdfwrite, all it does is write a white rectangle over the page, so you should be able to intercept that and not emit it. Otherwise any marks you made before you encountered an RGB or CMYK operation would be underneath the white rectangle.....
So essentially no, you can't do it right now, if its important to you then you could probably modify the code to do so (don't forget you will also need to supply 2 OutputIntent profiles to choose between as well). We've never had a customer request to do this, so we won't likely take it on as a project. Of course if you did get this working we might very well incorporate it into the code base if you were to offer it back to us.
Which package is best for a heatmap/image with sorting on rows only, but don't show any dendrogram or other visual clutter (just a 2D colored grid with automatic named labels on both axes). I don't need fancy clustering beyond basic numeric sorting. The data is a 39x10 table of numerics in the range (0,0.21) which I want to visualize.
I searched SO (see this) and the R sites, and tried a few out. Check out R Graphical Manual to see an excellent searchable list of screenshots and corresponding packages.
The range of packages is confusing - which one is the preferred heatmap (like ggplot2 is for most other plotting)? Here is what I found out so far:
base::image - bad, no name labels on axes, no sorting/clustering
base::heatmap - options are far less intelligible than the following:
pheatmap::pheatmap - fantastic but can't seem to turn off the
dendrograms? (any hacks?)
ggplot2 people use geom_tile, as Andrie points out
gplots::heatmap.2 , ref - seems
to be favored by biotech people, but way overkill for my purposes. (no
relation to ggplot* or Prof Wickham)
plotrix::color2D.matplot also exists
base::heatmap is annoying, even with args heatmap(..., Colv=NA, keep.dendro=FALSE) it still plots the unwanted dendrogram on rows.
For now I'm going with pheatmap(..., cluster_cols=FALSE, cluster_rows=FALSE) and manually presorting my table, like this guy: Order of rows in heatmap?
Addendum: to display the value inside each cell, see: display a matrix, including the values, as a heatmap . I didn't need that but it's nice-to-have.
With pheatmap you can use options treeheight_row and treeheight_col and set these to 0.
just another option you have not mentioned...package bipartite as it is as simple as you say
library(bipartite)
mat<-matrix(c(1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3),byrow=TRUE,nrow=3)
rownames(mat)<-c("a","b","c")
colnames(mat)<-c("a","b","c")
visweb(mat,type="nested")