I want to programing a function about open the file directly. Like python code:
os.system("ls")
For example, when I use this function (fun_open "/path/to/file"), the system will open the file use the default app. If file is a .txt, open it with textedit.
How to make it?
----UPDATE 9/24/2015-----
My code is:
(defun open_by_system (dir)
(sb-ext:run-program "/usr/bin/open" (list "-a" "Preview" dir)))
and I use it:
CL-USER> (open_by_system "~/Desktop/ML.pdf")
#<SB-IMPL::PROCESS :EXITED 1>
Nothing else happen
I'd recommend using UIOP, which provides portable interface to the OS and is universally available as a part of ASDF3:
(uiop:run-program "ls")
See the docstrings in run-program.lisp for details.
If you need more convenience functions, you could take a look at inferior-shell.
I recommend you to take a look at the available libraries on quickdocs:
link
I recommend you to use inferior-shell available on quicklisp
link
loading:
CL-USER> (ql:quickload 'inferior-shell)
To load "inferior-shell":
Load 5 ASDF systems:
alexandria asdf closer-mop named-readtables optima
Install 4 Quicklisp releases:
fare-mop fare-quasiquote fare-utils inferior-shell
; Fetching #<URL "http://beta.quicklisp.org/archive/fare-quasiquote/2015-06-08/fare-quasiquote-20150608-git.tgz">
; 15.08KB
==================================================
15,437 bytes in 0.10 seconds (157.03KB/sec)
; Fetching #<URL "http://beta.quicklisp.org/archive/fare-utils/2015-06-08/fare-utils-20150608-git.tgz">
; 31.51KB
==================================================
32,264 bytes in 0.14 seconds (218.80KB/sec)
; Fetching #<URL "http://beta.quicklisp.org/archive/fare-mop/2015-06-08/fare-mop-20150608-git.tgz">
; 2.67KB
==================================================
2,738 bytes in 0.00 seconds (0.00KB/sec)
; Fetching #<URL "http://beta.quicklisp.org/archive/inferior-shell/2015-06-08/inferior-shell-20150608-git.tgz">
; 12.87KB
==================================================
13,182 bytes in 0.00 seconds (12873.05KB/sec)
; Loading "inferior-shell"
[package fare-utils]..............................
[package fare-stateful]...........................
[package fare-quasiquote].........................
[package fare-mop].............
(INFERIOR-SHELL)
a simple sample:
CL-USER> (inferior-shell:run/ss '(echo (1) "2" (+ 3)))
"1 2 3"
NIL
0
a sample with pipes:
CL-USER> (inferior-shell:run/ss `(inferior-shell:pipe (echo (+ hel "lo,") world) (tr "hw" "HW") (sed -e "s/$/!/")))
"Hello, World!"
NIL
0
Mac OS X and SBCL:
Open a text file in the default text editor application TextEdit:
Lisp Machine:~ lispm$ touch /tmp/test.text
Lisp Machine:~ lispm$ sbcl
This is SBCL 1.2.14, an implementation of ANSI Common Lisp.
More information about SBCL is available at <http://www.sbcl.org/>.
SBCL is free software, provided as is, with absolutely no warranty.
It is mostly in the public domain; some portions are provided under
BSD-style licenses. See the CREDITS and COPYING files in the
distribution for more information.
* (sb-ext:run-program "/usr/bin/open" '("/tmp/test.text"))
#<SB-IMPL::PROCESS :EXITED 0>
Open the file with LispWorks as the text editor:
* (sb-ext:run-program
"/usr/bin/open"
'("-a"
"/Applications/LispWorks 7.0 (64-bit)/LispWorks (64-bit).app"
"/tmp/test.text"))
You might want to consult the SBCL manual for such questions. For example the chapter on Running External Programs.
Related
Here is my MIT Scheme code:
(display (name->package '(user)))
(newline)
(->environment (name->package '(user)))
(%exit)
This runs fine on MIT/GNU Scheme Release 9.1.1. Here is the output:
$ scheme --quiet --load foo.scm
#[package 13 (user)]
But when I run this with MIT/GNU Scheme Release 10.1.5, I get this error:
$ mit-scheme --quiet --load foo.scm
#[package 12 (user)]
;The object #[package 12 (user)], passed as an argument to ->environment, is not an environment.
;To continue, call RESTART with an option number:
; (RESTART 1) => Return to read-eval-print level 1.
2 error>
On debugging I get this,
2 error> (debug)
There are 7 subproblems on the stack.
Subproblem level: 0 (this is the lowest subproblem level)
Compiled code expression unknown
#[compiled-return-address 13 ("rep" #x2f) #xd8 #x95ed10]
There is no current environment.
There is no execution history for this subproblem.
You are now in the debugger. Type q to quit, ? for commands.
3 debug>
Why does this error occur in 10.1.5 but not in 9.1.1?
I want to create a pretty printed table from a matrix (or column vector).
For Matlab there are several available functions that can do this (such as printmat, array2table, and table), but for Octave I cannot find any.
So instead of:
>> a = rand(3,2)*10;
>> round(a)
ans =
2 10
1 3
2 1
I would like to see:
>> a = rand(3,2)*10;
>> pretty_print(round(a))
THIS THAT
R1 2 10
R2 1 3
R3 2 1
How can I produce a pretty printed table from a matrix?
(Any available package to do so?)
UPDATE
After trying to follow the extremely obtuse package installation instruction from Octave Wiki, I kept getting the error pkg: failed to read package 'econometrics-1.1.1.tar.gz': Couldn't resolve host name. Apparently the windows version isn't able to use the direct installation command (as given on their Wiki). The only way I managed to get it, was by first downloading the package manually into the current working directory of Octave. (See pwd output.) Only then did the install command work.
pkg install econometrics-1.1.1.tar.gz
pkg load econometrics
Yes, there is a prettyprint function in the econometrics package. Once the package is installed and loaded, you can use it like this:
>> a = rand(3,2)*10;
>> prettyprint(round(a),['R1';'R2';'R3'],['THIS';'THAT'])
THIS THAT
R1 2.000 3.000
R2 3.000 4.000
R3 10.000 3.000
I had some difficulty posing my problem in a way that the Title filter found pleasing. The real problem is that modifying only the GhostPDF.PDD file in the GS9.26 installation in Windows 10 doesn't seem to affect the output after a re-installation using Windows 10 Device Installer.
I print to a networked Sun SPARCprinter 1 which is controlled by Ghostprint (script?) compiled to run on SunOS 4.1.4. This has worked successfully for some years printing output from Windows XP using Adobe's PS driver and a SPARCstation PPD cobbled together from samples found on the net.
I've installed Artifex's 9.26 on Windows 10 and output to an LPR printer (The Sun). The output works, is recognized as PS output by the Sun, but produces a number of FATAL errors.
I need to edit the Windows Ghostscript installation to output PS files which are more suitable for the Sun.
So to my simple question: Do I need to modify anything in the Ghostscript Windows 10 installation other than the Ghostpdf.PPD file?
additional info:
SPARCstation 10 information:
SunOS 4.1.4
arcad# gcc -dumpversion
2.95.2 Note: I had to bootstrap this version up from the early GCC which could be compiled with the SunOS 4.1.4 C compiler. I had the impression I couldn't bring it up any further but could be mistaken.
arcad# gs --help
Aladdin Ghostscript 6.01 (2000-03-17)
Copyright (C) 2000 Aladdin Enterprises ...
Usage: gs [switches] [file1.ps file2.ps ...]
Most frequently used switches: (you can use # in place of =)
-dNOPAUSE no pause after page | -q `quiet', fewer messages
-g<width>x<height> page size in pixels | -r<res> pixels/inch resolution
-sDEVICE=<devname> select device | -dBATCH exit after last file
-sOutputFile=<file> select output file: - for stdout, |command for pipe,
embed %d or %ld for page #
Input formats: PostScript PostScriptLevel1 PostScriptLevel2 PDF
.....
For more information, see /usr/local/share/ghostscript/6.01/doc/Use.htm.
Note: I think this is the most recent GS version I can compile with this gcc version
printcap section:
gp|GhostPrinter:\
:lp=/dev/lpvi0:sd=/var/spool/gsprintspool:lf=/var/spool/gsprintspool/log:\
:mx#0:sh:if=/usr/local/libexec/lpfilter-gps:
Typical spool file - "....." indicates stuff not included here"
arcad# more dfA004DESKTOP-M8C5I86
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Title: Document
%%Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2
%%CreationDate: 12/14/2018 19:56:8
%%For: jferg
%%BoundingBox: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%PageOrder: Special
%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend)
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend)
%%DocumentData: Clean7Bit
%%TargetDevice: (Ghostscript) (3010) 815
%%LanguageLevel: 3
%%EndComments
%%BeginDefaults
%%PageBoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
%%ViewingOrientation: 1 0 0 1
%%EndDefaults
.....
%%EndResource
userdict /Pscript_WinNT_Incr 230 dict dup begin put
%%BeginResource: file Pscript_FatalError 5.0 0
userdict begin/FatalErrorIf{{initgraphics findfont 1 index 0 eq{exch pop}{dup
length dict begin{1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall/Encoding
{ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{StandardEncoding}if def currentdict end
/ErrFont-Latin1 exch definefont}ifelse exch scalefont setfont counttomark 3 div
cvi{moveto show}repeat showpage quit}{cleartomark}ifelse}bind def end
%%EndResource
userdict begin/PrtVMMsg{vmstatus exch sub exch pop gt{[
quires more memory than is available in this printer.)100 500
more of the following, and then print again:)100 485
put format, choose Optimize For Portability.)115 470
ce Settings page, make sure the Available PostScript Memory is accur--More--(2%)
ce the number of fonts in the document.)115 440
ocument in parts.)115 425 12/Times-Roman showpage
Error: Low Printer VM ]%%)= true FatalErrorIf}if}bind def end
2016 ge{/VM?{pop}bind def}{/VM? userdict/PrtVMMsg get def}ifelse
.....
SPARCprinter PDD file which works with Adobe PS in Windows XP:
john#hp2:~/sun-stuff/cups-sparc$ more SPARCprinter2.ppd
*PPD-Adobe: "4.1"
*% PostScript(R) Printer Description File for SPARCprinter
*% Date: 94/01/14
*% Copyright 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*% Permission is granted for redistribution of this file as
*% long as this copyright notice is intact and the contents
*% of the file is not altered in any way from its original form.
*% End of Copyright statement
*% Changed margins on SPARCprinter JAF 3-3-2017
*FormatVersion: "4.1"
*FileVersion: "1.10"
*LanguageEncoding: ISOLatin1
*LanguageVersion: English
*PCFileName: "SPRN.PPD"
*Product: "(SPARCprinter)"
*PSVersion: "(3.000) 0"
*ModelName: "SPARCprinter"
*ShortNickName: "SPARCprinter"
*NickName: "SPARCprinter"
*% ==== Device Capabilities ===============
*LanguageLevel: "3"
*Extensions: CMYK Composite
*FreeVM: "4194304"
*ColorDevice: False
*DefaultColorSpace: Gray
*VariablePaperSize: False
*TTRasterizer: None
*FileSystem: False
..... more of the usual stuff
I don't really understand why you have installed Ghostscript on Windows. Windows is perfectly capable of producing PostScript files all of its own. In addition, the PPD file doesn't actually do very much, it is simply a text file with descriptions of the capabilities of the printer.
So the real problem is, or seems to be, that your SUN setup doesn't like the PostScript being produced by the new version of Windows.
You don't say how you are printing the PostScript file. not how your printer is 'controlled by Ghostscript' (I'm not aware of any product called Ghostprint, there is a GSPrint as part of GSView, but that's really for Windows).
Assuming you are using Ghostscript on your Sparc workstation to drive the pritner, then the most likely problem I would say is that you are using an old version of Ghostscript on the workstation, and it doesn't like the PostScript being generated by the newer version of Windows.
If you had included the transcript from the workstation Ghostscript installation it might be possible to say more but without that I'm rather guessing.
Another possibility is that you are using the ps2write device in Ghostscript to produce PostScript files on Windows. I can't think why you would be doing that, but it sort of fits your description. In that case editing the PPD file will have no effect, because Ghostscript doesn't use it.
Now the ps2write device emits level 2 PostScript, the clue is in the name, and its possible again that your Sparc setup is so elderly that it doesn't understand level 2, or doesn't fully implement it. In which case you will probably get errors. Again, if you were to provide the text of the error messages this would help!
In the latter case, you are frankly out of luck. We dropped support for level 1 PostScript output some time ago, what with level 2 being 28 years old now and level 3 coming up on 20. If you need language level 1 output you will have to go back to a very old version of Ghostscript. Something like 9.07 (from 5 and a half years ago) was the last version that included the pswrite device.
With effort you could take the pswrite device and upgrade it so that it works with the current version of Ghostscript
[EDIT]
My word, that's a really old version of Ghostscript!
You could try building a new version to replace it, but I also don't know if current code will compile on gcc 2.95. It 'should' because we only expect C89, but the third party libraries (which are essential) may very well not compile.
The PostScript file you quoted has been produced by Windows, not by Ghostscript (%%Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2). So it seems likely to me that your problem is the PostScript being produced by the newer version of Windows doesn't work with your 18 year old version of Ghostscript. That's not actually entirely surprising.
If you look at the DSC comments it says:
%%LanguageLevel: 3
And your Ghostscript information says that it supports language levels 1 and 2. At the time the level 3 spec had only just been published (1999), and clearly the maintainers back then hadn't had time to fully implement it.
Note that the ghostpdf.ppd file is intended for use with Ghostscript as a 'print to PDF' printer along with the RedMon port monitor.
Now its not obvious to me which PPD file you are using, but..... Both the ghostpdf.ppd file and the sparcprinter ppd file have :
*LanguageLevel: "3"
That tells the PostScript driver that it can use language level 3, which your Sparc Ghostscript doesn't support. You could try changing that to:
*LanguageLevel: "2"
and see if that makes a difference (you will have to uninstall the printers from Windows and re-install them with the modified PPD file).
If it doesn't work, the only other thing I can think of is to use the Ghostscript you installed on the Windows system, and preprocess the PostScript file produced by Windows before you send it on. You can use the ps2write device in Ghostscript 9.26 to take in the level 3 file, and produce a level 2 file. It might be a bit bigger, but it ought to work.
To do that on Windows you would use something like:
gswin64c -sDEVICE=ps2write -sOutputFile=out.ps <input.ps>
The file 'out.ps' should then be a level 2 PostScript file. I can't guarantee that the output will then work the old version of Ghostscript on your Sparc, but you stand a chance!
I recently decided to start playing with MIT Scheme by following along with the examples in SICP. I installed scheme from the Ubuntu repository.
sudo apt-get install mit-scheme
Given an input file that looks like this:
486
(+ 137 349)
(- 1000 334)
(* 5 99)
(/ 10 5)
(* 25 4 12)
I run scheme as follows.
scheme < Numbers.scm
It produces the following output.
MIT/GNU Scheme running under GNU/Linux
Type `^C' (control-C) followed by `H' to obtain information about interrupts.
Copyright (C) 2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Image saved on Sunday February 7, 2016 at 10:35:34 AM
Release 9.1.1 || Microcode 15.3 || Runtime 15.7 || SF 4.41 || LIAR/x86-64 4.118 || Edwin 3.116
1 ]=> 486
;Value: 486
1 ]=> (+ 137 349)
;Value: 486
1 ]=> (- 1000 334)
;Value: 666
1 ]=> (* 5 99)
;Value: 495
1 ]=> (/ 10 5)
;Value: 2
1 ]=> (* 25 4 12)
;Value: 1200
1 ]=>
End of input stream reached.
Moriturus te saluto.
This output feels excessive, so I'm currently paring it down like so.
scheme < Numbers.scm | awk '/Value/ {print $2}
486
486
666
495
2
1200
Is there a native way to reduce the verbosity of scheme, so I can get something resembling the above output without resorting to an external process?
I have examined the output of scheme --help but did not find any obvious options.
Note that passing the filename as an argument does not appear to work in MIT-Scheme.
scheme Numbers.scm
MIT/GNU Scheme running under GNU/Linux
Type `^C' (control-C) followed by `H' to obtain information about interrupts.
Copyright (C) 2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Image saved on Sunday February 7, 2016 at 10:35:34 AM
Release 9.1.1 || Microcode 15.3 || Runtime 15.7 || SF 4.41 || LIAR/x86-64 4.118 || Edwin 3.116
;Warning: Invalid keyword: "Numbers.scm"
;Warning: Unhandled command line options: ("Numbers.scm")
1 ]=>
Here you go:
scheme --quiet < Numbers.scm
Now this will suppress the REPL entirely except when errors occur so that what is not explicitly displayed will not be displayed. eg. evaluatiing (+ 2 3) returns 5, but does not print since you have not told it to print. You need to use procedures like display to get the information printed or go back to using a REPL which sole purpose is to display your results.
I was originally hoping you could do:
scheme --quiet --load Numbers.scm
But it does not exit after the file and adding --eval (exit) has the REPL ask if you want to quit.
EDIT
(define (displayln v)
(display v)
(newline)
v)
(displayln (+ 4 5))
; ==> 9, in addition you get the side effect that "9\n" is written to current output port
You could also perhaps make a macro to do this:
(define-syntax begin-display
(syntax-rules ()
((_ form ...) (begin (displayln form) ...))))
(begin-display
486
(+ 137 349)
(- 1000 334)
(* 5 99)
(/ 10 5)
(* 25 4 12))
; ==> 1200. In addition you get the side effect that "486\n486\n666\n49\n2\n1200\n" is written to current output port
As a workaround,
scheme < Numbers.scm | gawk '/^;Value: / { sub(/^;Value: /, ""); print }'
But maybe you'd run it as a script file rather than an stdin stream? Not sure about MIT Scheme invocation, something like
scheme Numbers.scm
Though this way you'll have to print out the results explicitly, with (display) or something, otherwise they'll go unnoticed.
In clisp, the following code works:
(defun hit-history () (shell "tail ssqHitNum.txt"))
However, in Clozure CL, the shell function is not supported!
No, there is no standard way, but there are libraries which provide this functionality for the important implementations. For example, there's trivial-shell available in Quicklisp, which provides shell-command. (I didn't actually test it, but its among the recommended libraries on CLiki.) There is also external-program. Update: inferior-shell seems to be prefered these days, as Ehvince points out in a comment and his own answer.
You could also use read-time conditionals to make different implementations use their respective functionality to do this.
CCL has ccl:run-program, for example:
CL-USER> (run-program "whoami" '() :output *standard-output*)
foobar
#<EXTERNAL-PROCESS (whoami)[NIL] (EXITED : 0) #xC695EA6>
Yes, with UIOP, part of ASDF, that should be included in all modern implementations.
synchronous commands: uiop:run-program
asynchronous commands: uiop:launch-program
So for example
(uiop:run-program (list "firefox" "http:url") :output t)
or
(defparameter *shell* (uiop:launch-program "bash" :input :stream :output :stream))
where you can send input and read output.
They are more explained here: https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/os.html#running-external-programs
trivial-shell is deprecated and replaced by inferior-shell, which internally uses the portable uiop's run-program (synchronous), so we can use just that.
(defun dot->png (fname thunk)
(with-open-file (*standard-output*
fname
:direction :output
:if-exists :superseded)
(funcall thunk))
(ccl:run-program "dot" (list "-Tpng -O" fname))
)
i run success in ccl(clozure),when study land of lisp p123
The following shows an example of calling wget from within common lisp:
https://diasp.eu/posts/1742240
Here's the code:
(sb-ext:run-program "/usr/bin/wget" '("-O" "<path-to-output-file>" "<url-link>") :output *standard-output*)
Have a look at the inferior-shell package.
(Get it via the almighty quicklisp package manager.)
This works in the interpreter, if you have internet:
(require 'inferior-shell)
(inferior-shell:run/s '(curl icanhazip.com))
CL21 defines simple methods:
(in-package :cl21-user)
(use-package :cl21.process)
Then either with run-process or with the #` reader macro:
(run-process '("ls" "-l"))
;-> total 0
; drwxrwxrwt 5 root wheel 170 Nov 1 18:00 Shared
; drwxr-xr-x+ 174 nitro_idiot staff 5916 Mar 5 21:41 nitro_idiot
;=> #<PROCESS /bin/sh -c ls -l /Users (76468) EXITED 0>
or
#`ls -l /Users`
;=> "total 0
; drwxrwxrwt 5 root wheel 170 Nov 1 18:00 Shared
; drwxr-xr-x+ 174 nitro_idiot staff 5916 Mar 5 21:41 nitro_idiot
; "
; ""
; 0
The source shows implementation for SBCL and CCL.
http://cl21.org/
https://github.com/cl21/cl21/wiki
https://lispcookbook.github.io/cl-cookbook/cl21.html