This question already has answers here:
awk doesn't print separator
(2 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
Input file
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,100
111,222,333,444,555,666,777,888,999,1000
Expected Output
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8MNINS,9,10
11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88MNINS,99,100
111,222,333,444,555,666,777,888MNINS,999,1000
I tried the following command
awk -F "," '{$8=$8"MNINS"}1' 1.csv > 2.csv
output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8MNINS 9 10
11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88MNINS 99 100
111 222 333 444 555 666 777 888MNINS 999 1000
It is removed all the commas, so my csv file is changing into space seperated file.
Please help
You need to specify comma as Output field separator value.
awk -F "," -v OFS="," '{$8=$8"MNINS"}1' 1.csv > 2.csv
Related
How can I insert a row using awk?
My file looks as:
1 43
2 34
3 65
4 75
I would like to insert three rows with "?" So my desire file looks as:
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 43
5 34
6 65
7 75
I am trying with the below script.
awk '{if(NR<=3){print "NR ?"}} {printf" " NR $2}' file.txt
Here's one way to do it:
$ awk 'BEGIN{s=" "; for(c=1; c<4; c++) print c s "?"}
{print c s $2; c++}' ip.txt
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 43
5 34
6 65
7 75
$ awk 'BEGIN {printf "1 ?\n2 ?\n3 ?\n"} {printf "%d", $1 + 3; printf " %s\n", $2}' file.txt
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 43
5 34
6 65
7 75
You could also add the 3 lines before awk, e.g.:
{ seq 3; cat file.txt; } | awk 'NR <= 3 { $2 = "?" } $1 = NR' OFS='\t'
Output:
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 43
5 34
6 65
7 75
I would do it following way using GNU AWK, let file.txt content be
1 43
2 34
3 65
4 75
then
awk 'BEGIN{OFS=" "}NR==1{print 1,"?";print 2,"?";print 3,"?"}{print NR+3,$2}' file.txt
output
1 ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 43
5 34
6 65
7 75
Explanation: I set output field separator (OFS) to 7 spaces. For 1st row I do print three lines which consisting of subsequent number and ? sheared by output field separator. You might elect to do this using for loop, especially if you expect that requirement might change here. For every line I print number of row plus 4 (to keep order) and 2nd column ($2). Thanks to use of OFS, you would need to make only one change if requirement regarding number of spaces will be altered. Note that construct like
{if(condition){dosomething}}
might be written in GNU AWK in more concise manner as
(condition){dosomething}
(tested in gawk 4.2.1)
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I have three files with following format:
$ cat a.bed
chr1 6 6 aa
chr1 8 8 bb
chr2 22 22 aa
chr3 24 24 bb
$ cat b.bed
chr1 12 12 cc
chr1 6 6 dd
chr5 14 14 cc
$ cat c.bed
chr1 8 8 ss
chr4 11 11 dd
chr1 6 6 aa
I want to compare these files using first two columns and print information for each row whether it is present in one file or multiple files, like:
chr1 6 6 aa 3 a.bed,b.bed,c.bed
chr1 8 8 bb 2 a.bed,c.bed
chr2 22 22 aa 1 a.bed
chr3 24 24 bb 1 a.bed
chr1 12 12 cc 1 b.bed
chr5 14 14 cc 1 b.bed
chr4 11 11 dd 1 c.bed
where 5th column gives number of of files it is present in and 6th column gives name of the files.
awk to the rescue!
$ awk '{a[$1,$2]=(($1,$2) in a?a[$1,$2]",":$0 OFS)FILENAME}
END{for(k in a) print a[k]}' {a,b,c}.bed
results won't be in the same order though.
Explanation
x=c?a:b is the ternary operator, sets x to a or b based on value of c (similar to if-then-else). Here we assign the value of map for key ($1,$2) either by appending FILENAME (if already exists) or setting to the current line (again by appending FILENAME). In the END block, just iterates over this map, and prints the values.
Try these four lines of gawk (doesn't appear to work in awk):
gawk '{print $0, FILENAME}' a.bed > abc.bed
gawk '{print $0, FILENAME}' b.bed >> abc.bed
gawk '{print $0, FILENAME}' c.bed >> abc.bed
gawk '{f = $5;k=$1 " " $2 " " $3 " " $4;if(k in a){a[k] = a[k] "," f}else{a[k] = f};c[k]++};END{for(k in a){print k, c[k], a[k]}}' abc.bed
Single char variables for brevity:
f - file name,
k - key, i.e. the data,
a - an array of keys,
c - an array of key counts.
Er, if I am reading it right, your input and output data samples don't match, e.g. there are only 2 'chr1 6 6 aa' not 3.
I have the following test file:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
I want to separate it in a way that each file contains the last line of the previous file as the first line. The example would be:
file 1:
1
2
3
4
5
file2:
5
6
7
8
9
file3:
9
10
11
12
13
file4:
13
14
15
16
17
file5:
17
18
19
20
That would make 4 files with 5 lines and 1 file with 4 lines.
As a first step, I tried to test the following commands I wrote to get only the first file which contains the first 5 lines. I can't figure out why the awk command in the if statement, instead of printing the first 5 lines, it prints the whole 20?
d=$(wc test)
a=$(echo $d | cut -f1 -d " ")
lines=$(echo $a/5 | bc -l)
integer=$(echo $lines | cut -f1 -d ".")
for i in $(seq 1 $integer); do
start=$(echo $i*5 | bc -l)
var=$((var+=1))
echo start $start
echo $var
if [[ $var = 1 ]]; then
awk 'NR<=$start' test
fi
done
Thanks!
Why not just use the split util available from your POSIX toolkit. It has an option to split on number of lines which you can give it as 5
split -l 5 input-file
From the man split page,
-l, --lines=NUMBER
put NUMBER lines/records per output file
Note that, -l is POSIX compliant also.
$ ls
$
$ seq 20 | awk 'NR%4==1{ if (out) { print > out; close(out) } out="file"++c } {print > out}'
$
$ ls
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5
.
$ cat file1
1
2
3
4
5
$ cat file2
5
6
7
8
9
$ cat file3
9
10
11
12
13
$ cat file4
13
14
15
16
17
$ cat file5
17
18
19
20
If you're ever tempted to use a shell loop to manipulate text again, make sure to read https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/169716/why-is-using-a-shell-loop-to-process-text-considered-bad-practice first to understand at least some of the reasons to use awk instead. To learn awk, get the book Effective Awk Programming, 4th Edition, by Arnold Robbins.
oh. and wrt why your awk command awk 'NR<=$start' test didn't work - awk is not shell, it has no more access to shell variables (or vice-versa) than a C program does. To init an awk variable named awkstart with the value of a shell variable named start and then use that awk variable in your script you'd do awk -v awkstart="$start" 'NR<=awkstart' test. The awk variable can also be named start or anything else sensible - it is completely unrelated to the name of the shell variable.
You could improve your code by removing the unneccesary echo cut and bc and do it like this
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq $(wc -l < test) ); do
(( i % 4 != 1 )) && continue
tail +$i test | head -5 > "file$(( 1+i/4 ))"
done
But still the awk solution is much better. Reading the file only once and taking actions based on readily available information (like the linenumber) is the way to go. In shell you have to count the lines, there is no way around it. awk will give you that (and a lot of other things) for free.
Use split:
$ seq 20 | split -l 5
$ for fn in x*; do echo "$fn"; cat "$fn"; done
xaa
1
2
3
4
5
xab
6
7
8
9
10
xac
11
12
13
14
15
xad
16
17
18
19
20
Or, if you have a file:
$ split -l test_file
This question already has answers here:
How can I sum values in column based on the value in another column?
(5 answers)
Combine text from two files, output to another [duplicate]
(2 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
I want to extract and combine a certain column from a bunch of text files into a single file as shown.
File1_example.txt
A 123 1
B 234 2
C 345 3
D 456 4
File2_example.txt
A 123 5
B 234 6
C 345 7
D 456 8
File3_example.txt
A 123 9
B 234 10
C 345 11
D 456 12
...
..
.
File100_example.txt
A 123 55
B 234 66
C 345 77
D 456 88
How can I loop through my files of interest and paste these columns together so that the final result is like below without having to type out 1000 unique file names?
1 5 9 ... 55
2 6 10 ... 66
3 7 11 ... 77
4 8 12 ... 88
Try this:
paste File[0-9]*_example.txt | awk '{i=3;while($i){printf("%s ",$i);i+=3}printf("\n")}'
Example:
File1_example.txt:
A 123 1
B 234 2
C 345 3
D 456 4
File2_example.txt:
A 123 5
B 234 6
C 345 7
D 456 8
Run command as:
$ paste File[0-9]*_example.txt | awk '{i=3;while($i){printf("%s ",$i);i+=3}printf("\n")}'
Output:
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8
I tested below code with first 3 files
cat File*_example.txt | awk '{a[$1$2]= a[$1$2] $3 " "} END{for(x in a){print a[x]}}' | sort
1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
1) use an awk array, a[$1$2]= a[$1$2] $3 " " index is column1 and column2, array value appends all column 3.
2) END{for(x in a){print a[x]}} travesrsed array a and prints all values.
3)use sort to sort the output.
when cating you need to ensure the file order is preserved, one way is to explicitly specify the files
cat File{1..100}_example.txt | awk '{print $NF}' | pr 4ts' '
extract last column by awk and align using pr
I have two files of the form
file1:
#fileheader1
0 123
1 456
2 789
3 999
4 112
5 131
6 415
etc.
file2:
#fileheader2
0 442
1 232
2 542
3 559
4 888
5 231
6 322
etc.
How can I take the second column of each, divide it by a value then minus one from the other and then output a new third file with the new values?
I want the output file to have the form
#outputheader
0 123/c-422/k
1 456/c-232/k
2 789/c-542/k
etc.
where c and k are numbers I can plug into the script
I have seen this question: subtract columns from different files with awk
But I don't know how to use awk to do this by myself, does anyone know how to do this or could explain what is going on in the linked question so I can try to modify it?
I'd write:
awk -v c=10 -v k=20 ' ;# pass values to awk variables
/^#/ {next} ;# skip headers
FNR==NR {val[$1]=$2; next} ;# store values from file1
$1 in val {print $1, (val[$1]/c - $2/k)} ;# perform the calc and print
' file1 file2
output
0 -9.8
1 34
2 51.8
3 71.95
4 -33.2
5 1.55
6 25.4
etc. 0