I have generated an assembly file try.s with aarch64 instruction set.I want to compile this on an ARM8 (aarch64 processor) running ubuntu.
my native compiler is gcc(4.8) and i use the following command to compile
gcc -o try.o try.s
I am getting the following errors
Error : ARM register expected -- mov x10,x0
It seems like the aarch4 registers are not being recognized although i thought gcc 4.8 supported aarch64. Can someone tell me what am i missing or is there any special option i should include.Or suggest me a native compiler(not cross-compilers) for doing aarch64.I would also like to use gdb to debug this natively.
gcc is for a 32b targets. 'Xn' registers are not defined for a aarch32 instruction set. That's what compiler tells you.
Right toolchain is aarch64-elf-gcc.
PS: that's a good idea to make asm file extention .S (capital s)
Related
I am patching code into my car's ECU. This has a Motorola MC68376 processor, so I'm using the appropriate CPU32 instruction set.
I want to continue to write in assembly code so that I can explicitly manage control registers, RAM access and allocation, as well as copying code structures which are already in use.
My first patch was successfully compiled in EASy68k, but that program does not support the full instruction set for the CPU32. For example, the DIVS.L command is not supported, so I cannot take a quotient of a 32-bit value.
Thus, before writing my own compiler out of sheer incompetence with available tools, I'm looking for an easier path. I read that gcc has the capability to compile code for the CPU32, but I have failed to get it to work.
I'm using MinGW's gcc (6.3.0) and Eclipse (2020-03). I added the '-mcpu32' or '-march=cpu32' flags to the compiler call, according to:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/M680x0-Options.html
Unfortunately this returns an error:
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-mcpu32'; did you mean '-mcpu='?
or
error: bad value (cpu32) for -march= switch
May I please have some advice for making this work? Does anyone know of a better CPU32 compiler that works with Eclipse?
I did not understand that gcc is conventionally distributed as binary files that are compiled with different functionality to suit the needs of a given user.
There seem to be two paths forward:
1) compile my own cross-compiler version of GCC
2) download a pre-compiled cross-compiler version of GCC
I chose to follow route 2).
I began the process of installing the 'Windows Subsystem for Linux' and Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa, because I found a pre-made compiler that should be capable of performing cross compilation for the m68k processor: "gobjc-10-m68k-linux-gnu"
https://ubuntu.pkgs.org/20.04/ubuntu-universe-i386/gobjc-10-m68k-linux-gnu_10-20200411-0ubuntu1cross1_i386.deb.html
While I was installing that, I also found an m68k-elf gcc toolchain that is pre-compiled for windows 10:
https://gnutoolchains.com/m68k-elf/
I played with the latter for much of today. Although I was unable to get the toolchain integrated well with Eclipse, it works from the command line to compile a *.s assembly code file. This includes compatibility with the '-mcpu32' flag that I wanted at the outset.
There is still a lot for me to figure out, even after floundering through learning gcc's assembler directives (https://www.eecs.umich.edu/courses/eecs373/readings/Assembler.pdf) and the differences in gcc's assembly syntax compared to the MC68k reference manual (https://www.nxp.com/files-static/archives/doc/ref_manual/M68000PRM.pdf).
I can even convert the code section of the output file to be a proper s-record by using objcopy with the '-O srec' and '--only-section=.text' flags. This helps me patch the code into my ECU.
Thus I've answered my original question.
I'd like translate my c codes to mips assembly using llvm. How can i do it? I'm on Mac. So llc command does not work.
Thanks
The clang on your MacOS system won't compile for mips by default, you'll need to build your own.
You can look here: http://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html for directions on building up llvm.
After that you can use clang to compile C to mips assembly by doing something like:
clang -target mipsel-linux-gnu foo.c -S -o -
which will compile the file "foo.c" to 32-bit mips assembly for the linux operating system and output it to the console.
I've been trying to compile a SPARC program. Just a simple one taken straight out of the book: SPARC Architecture, Assembly Language Programming, and C: Second Edition. However, I get an error leading me to believe SPARC wasn't correctly configured on my computer yet. This is on a Windows machine.
.global main
main:
save %sp, 96, %sp
mov 9, %l0
sub %l0, 1, %o0
sub %l0, 7, %o1
call .mul
nop
sub %l0, 11, %o1
call .div
mov %o0, %l1
mov 1, %g1
ta 0
I have GCC 4.9.2 installed through Cygwin 1.7.5.
I get the follow error upon trying to compile through GCC
C:\Users\Matt\Desktop>gcc expr.s -o expr
expr.s: Assembler messages:
expr.s: Warning: end of file not at end of a line; newline inserted
expr.s:3: Error: no such instruction: `save %sp,96,%sp'
expr.s:4: Error: bad register name `%l0'
expr.s:5: Error: bad register name `%l0'
expr.s:6: Error: bad register name `%l0'
expr.s:9: Error: bad register name `%l0'
expr.s:11: Error: bad register name `%o0'
expr.s:13: Error: bad register name `%g1'
expr.s:14: Error: no such instruction: `ta 0'
Which highlights almost everything unique with SPARC compared to a different architecture as being an 'error'.
So, I tried setting the architecture specifically for the program:
gcc -march=sparc expr.s -o expr
This still throws an error, which leads me to believe that my current configuration isn't set up for SPARC.
The procedure I used to setup GCC is: here
The only difference is instead of specifying c,c++ for the languages, I used all.
Thanks
You are right, your gcc is not set up for SPARC. If you are running Windows, the computer you are running on has an ISA other than SPARC (most likely x86). Your ISA is the hardware interface and can not be changed by a software upgrade.
To compile SPARC programs, you will need to rebuild gcc as a SPARC cross-compiler (host and target ISAs are different). When building from source, this is done with the -target= flag. Building a cross-compiler for linux will be similar to cygwin link.
Once you build the cross-compiler, to execute it you will need a way to simulate a SPARC processor. Using a system such as qemu will work.
Here's a small tutorial on compiling simple programs for a Sparc V8 target and running them on Qemu. The tutorial includes steps on obtaining a cross compiler(assuming you're working with Linux)
I know that to compile to assembly, I should use the -Soption with gcc or g++, but how do I get MIPS assembly?
I tried
g++ -march=mips2 dll.c
but that gives the error
dll.c:1:0: error: bad value (mips2) for -march= switch
I saw a suggestion of the compile command mips_gcc, but I can't find how to install that compiler.
I'm using Ubuntu 64-bit, if that helps.
You need a version of gcc that is built as a MIPS cross compiler. You can download the free Mentor/Codesourcery MIPS gnu/gcc cross compilation tool chain from here. This toolchain is available for both Windows and Linux.
After downloading, installing and adding the tool chain to your path you would say:
mips-linux-gnu-g++ -march=mips32r2 -S dll.c
to compile your code to MIPS32R2 assembly.
UPDATE 8/2017:
It looks like Sourcery CodeBench free cross compiler for MIPS is no longer available at Mentor's site.
Try the free toolchain at Imagination's site.
For a school assignment I have to write x86 assembly code, except I can't use gcc to compile it since my computer is an x64 machine, and gcc is only excpecting x86 code. Is there a command that'll make gcc accept it x86 assembly code? Thanks
P.S. I know my code is valid since it compiles just fine on x86 machines.
Just pass the -m32 option to gcc.