I was performing some RPC tests, and stumbled across a problem I can't seem to solve. In my testing I create three separate RPC servers, all of which I try to close and shutdown. However upon performing my last test (TestRpcCodecServerClientComm), it seems my client connection is connecting to the first RPC server I started (I know this because I at some point attached IDs to the RPCHandlers), even though I attempted everything I could to make sure it was shutdown. Though the code is not there I have attempted to inspect every single error I could, but that did not bring about anything.
rpc.go
package rbot
import (
"io"
"net"
"net/rpc"
"net/rpc/jsonrpc"
)
func RpcCodecClientWithPort(port string) (rpc.ClientCodec, error) {
conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:"+port)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return jsonrpc.NewClientCodec(conn), nil
}
func RpcCodecServer(conn io.ReadWriteCloser) rpc.ServerCodec {
return jsonrpc.NewServerCodec(conn)
}
rpc_test.go
package rbot
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"net"
"net/rpc"
"testing"
)
type RPCHandler struct {
RPCServer net.Listener
conn rpc.ServerCodec
done chan bool
TestPort string
stop bool
GotRPC bool
}
func (r *RPCHandler) SetupTest() {
r.stop = false
r.GotRPC = false
r.done = make(chan bool)
r.TestPort = "5556"
}
// TODO: Create separate function to handle erroring
func (r *RPCHandler) CreateRPCServer() error {
rpc.RegisterName("TestMaster", TestAPI{r})
var err error
r.RPCServer, err = net.Listen("tcp", ":"+r.TestPort)
if err != nil {
return err
}
go func() {
for {
conn, err := r.RPCServer.Accept()
if err != nil || r.stop {
r.done <- true
return
}
r.conn = RpcCodecServer(conn)
rpc.ServeCodec(r.conn)
}
}()
return nil
}
func (r *RPCHandler) CloseRPCServer() error {
r.stop = true
if r.conn != nil {
err := r.conn.Close()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}
err := r.RPCServer.Close()
<-r.done
return err
}
type TestAPI struct {
t *RPCHandler
}
func (tapi TestAPI) Send(msg string, result *string) error {
if msg == "Got RPC?" {
tapi.t.GotRPC = true
return nil
}
return errors.New("Didn't receive right message")
}
// Check if we can create and close an RPC server successfully using the RPC server codec.
func TestRpcCodecServer(t *testing.T) {
r := RPCHandler{}
r.SetupTest()
err := r.CreateRPCServer()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Could not create rpc server! %s:", err.Error())
}
err = r.CloseRPCServer()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Could not close RPC server! %s:", err.Error())
}
}
// Check if we can create a client without erroring.
func TestRpcCodecClientWithPortt(t *testing.T) {
r := RPCHandler{}
r.SetupTest()
r.CreateRPCServer()
defer r.CloseRPCServer()
RPCClient, err := RpcCodecClientWithPort(r.TestPort)
defer RPCClient.Close()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Could not create an RPC client! %s:", err.Error())
}
}
// Let's double check and make sure our server and client can speak to each other
func TestRpcCodecServerClientComm(t *testing.T) {
r := RPCHandler{}
r.SetupTest()
r.CreateRPCServer()
defer r.CloseRPCServer()
RPCCodec, _ := RpcCodecClientWithPort(r.TestPort)
RPCClient := rpc.NewClientWithCodec(RPCCodec)
defer RPCClient.Close()
var result string
err := RPCClient.Call("TestMaster.Send", "Got RPC?", &result)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Error while trying to send RPC message: %s", err.Error())
}
if !r.GotRPC {
t.Fatalf("Could not send correct message over RPC")
}
}
Not sure if I'm just mishandling the connection or something of the like, any help would be much appreciated.
For the Record The RPC api does receive the correct string message
While not the source of your problems, your test configuration has a few race conditions which you should take care of before they cause problems. Always check for issues with the -race option. You should also let the OS allocate the port so you don't run into conflicts. See for example how httptest.Server works.
Your failure here is that you're not creating a new rpc.Server for each test, you're reusing the rpc.DefaultServer. The first call to CreateRPCServer registers a TestAPI under the name TestMaster. Each subsequent call uses the already registered instance.
If you create a new rpc.Server each time you setup the test and register a new TestAPI, the final test will pass.
srv := rpc.NewServer()
srv.RegisterName("TestMaster", testAPI)
...
// and then use srv to handle the new connection
srv.ServeCodec(RpcCodecServer(conn))
Related
My goal is to create a SMTP server to send an email from noreply#myname.com containing OTP.
The problem is, I code on my personal computer. Therefore, no public address or domain, yet. I tried to send email to myname#gmail.com, but I can't find it on the spam, or the inbox folders.
What I've did:
run the go-smtp server. $ go run cmd/server/main.go
run the go-smtp client. $ go run cmd/client/main.go
The go-smtp server output
(base) jason#Jasons-Mac-mini server % go run main.go
2022/09/23 13:35:38 Starting server at :1025
2022/09/23 13:56:06 Mail from: test#localhost
2022/09/23 13:56:06 Rcpt to: // email redacted for stackoverflow
2022/09/23 13:56:06 Data: This is the email body
The go-smtp client output
(base) jason#Jasons-Mac-mini client % go run main.go
2022/09/23 13:56:06 Mail sent! time elapsed: 1.988625ms
cmd/client/main.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"time"
"github.com/emersion/go-smtp"
)
func main() {
start := time.Now()
// Connect to the remote SMTP server.
c, err := smtp.Dial("localhost:1025")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Set the sender and recipient first
if err := c.Mail("test#localhost", nil); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if err := c.Rcpt("jasonong713#gmail.com"); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Send the email body.
wc, err := c.Data()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(wc, "This is the email body")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
err = wc.Close()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// Send the QUIT command and close the connection.
err = c.Quit()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Println("Mail sent! time elapsed:", time.Since(start))
}
cmd/server/main.go
package main
import (
"log"
"time"
"github.com/emersion/go-smtp"
"github.com/godataid/sendemail"
)
func main() {
be := &sendemail.Backend{}
s := smtp.NewServer(be)
s.Addr = ":1025"
s.Domain = "localhost"
s.ReadTimeout = 10 * time.Second
s.WriteTimeout = 10 * time.Second
s.MaxMessageBytes = 1024 * 1024
s.MaxRecipients = 50
s.AllowInsecureAuth = true
log.Println("Starting server at", s.Addr)
if err := s.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
}
backend.go
package sendemail
import "github.com/emersion/go-smtp"
type Backend struct{}
// Authenticate a user. Return smtp.ErrAuthUnsupported if you don't want to
// support this.
func (be *Backend) Login(state *smtp.ConnectionState, username, password string) (smtp.Session, error) {
return nil, smtp.ErrAuthUnsupported
}
// Called if the client attempts to send mail without logging in first.
// Return smtp.ErrAuthRequired if you don't want to support this.
func (be *Backend) AnonymousLogin(state *smtp.ConnectionState) (smtp.Session, error) {
return &Session{}, nil
}
session.go
package sendemail
import (
"io"
"log"
"github.com/emersion/go-smtp"
)
type Session struct{}
// Discard currently processed message.
func (s *Session) Reset() {}
// Free all resources associated with session.
func (s *Session) Logout() error {
return nil
}
// Set return path for currently processed message.
func (s *Session) Mail(from string, opts smtp.MailOptions) error {
log.Println("Mail from:", from)
return nil
}
// Add recipient for currently processed message.
func (s *Session) Rcpt(to string) error {
log.Println("Rcpt to:", to)
return nil
}
// Set currently processed message contents and send it.
func (s *Session) Data(r io.Reader) error {
if b, err := io.ReadAll(r); err != nil {
return err
} else {
log.Println("Data:", string(b))
}
return nil
}
How to handle error of singleton only once?
I have a singleton service which could generate error only at first call and then it returns already created instance.
Service looks like below:
package data
import (
"sync"
"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
"gorm.io/gorm"
)
var (
databaseSingleton *gorm.DB
once sync.Once
)
func NewDatabase() (*gorm.DB, error) {
once.Do(func() {
// ...
databaseSingleton, err = gorm.Open(postgres.Open(connectionString), config)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
})
return databaseSingleton, nil
}
The problem is multiple services which uses databaseSingleton above handle error which can occurs only once.
Services which uses databaseSingleton looks like below:
func NewServiceOne() (ServiceOne, error) {
database, err := NewDatabase()
// want omit this error handling
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &serviceOne{database}, nil
}
func NewServiceTwo() (ServiceTwo, error) {
database, err := NewDatabase()
// want omit this error handling
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &serviceTwo{database}, nil
}
func NewServiceThree() (ServiceThree, error) {
database, err := NewDatabase()
// want omit this error handling
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &serviceThree{database}, nil
}
If there any way to omit this error handling because err could be generated only once?
If the error occurs (only once), your databaseSingleton will not be setup. You should return the error in all cases.
Although this isn't something you can do anything about (since the attempt to initialize databaseSingleton will not be repeated due to the use of sync.Once), you could as well halt the app.
In fact, there is no point deferring this initialization, you could just do it during package init, and terminate if it fails. And if it succeeds, you could use databaseSingleton without having to check error of the initialization.
So simply do it like this:
var databaseSingleton *gorm.DB
func init() {
var err error
databaseSingleton, err = gorm.Open(postgres.Open(connectionString), config)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to connect to DB: %v", err)
}
}
NewServiceOne() could look like this:
func NewServiceOne() ServiceOne {
return &serviceOne{databaseSingleton}
}
I need help with Golang websocket. I'm using Fiber with websocket and redis.
Here is the code:
package main
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"github.com/go-redis/redis/v8"
"github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
"github.com/gofiber/websocket/v2"
"log"
"test4/controllers"
)
type User struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Email string `json:"email"`
}
var ctx = context.Background()
var redisClient = redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
Addr: "localhost:6379",
})
func TestSocket() fiber.Handler {
socket := websocket.New(func(c *websocket.Conn) {
go deliverMessages(c)
var (
msg []byte
err error
)
for {
if _, msg, err = c.ReadMessage(); err != nil {
log.Println("read:", err)
break
}
if err := redisClient.Publish(ctx, "chat", msg).Err(); err != nil {
log.Println("publish:", err)
break
}
}
})
return socket
}
func deliverMessages(c *websocket.Conn) {
subscriber := redisClient.Subscribe(ctx, "chat")
user := User{}
for {
msg, err := subscriber.ReceiveMessage(ctx)
if err != nil {
log.Println("subscriber:", err)
panic(err)
}
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(msg.Payload), &user); err != nil {
log.Println("Unmarshal:", err)
panic(err)
}
text := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\", \"email\":\"%s\"}", user.Name, user.Email))
if err = c.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, text); err != nil {
log.Println("write:", err)
break
}
}
}
func main() {
app := fiber.New(fiber.Config{
Prefork: true,
CaseSensitive: true,
StrictRouting: true,
DisableStartupMessage: true,
ServerHeader: "Test v3",
})
app.Get("/", controllers.Home)
app.Get("/ws", TestSocket())
log.Fatal(app.Listen("0.0.0.0:3000"))
}
How to produce the error:
Install Redis and run go run main.go
Now open http://127.0.0.1:3000/ in two tabs
click open on both tabs, and then you will see OPEN on right side of browser
click send on both tabs and you will get SEND and RESPONSE
Now close one tab and on go program terminal you will see error (see attached screenshot)
Now publish data to chat channel on redis-cli
Here is the error I am getting:
I think this is nil pointer websocket.Conn issue.
When close websocket connection, goroutine's c *websocket.Conn is loose data.
Pointer point nil.
solution
use channel, use local redisClient var
func TestSocket() fiber.Handler {
socket := websocket.New(func(c *websocket.Conn) {
var redisClient = redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{ // <-- use local redisClient var
Addr: "localhost:6379",
})
go deliverMessages(c)
var (
msg []byte
err error
)
defer func() {
redisClient.Close() // <-- then close, when websocket connection close
quitSubscribeGoRutine <- true // <-- change true, when websocket connection close
}()
for {
if _, msg, err = c.ReadMessage(); err != nil {
log.Println("read:", err)
...
func deliverMessages(c *websocket.Conn) {
subscriber := redisClient.Subscribe(ctx, "chat")
user := User{}
for {
select {
case <-quitSubscribeGoRutine: // <-- exit goroutine, when channel is true
return
default:
msg, err := subscriber.ReceiveMessage(ctx) // <-- exit goroutine, when redisClient close
if err != nil {
log.Println("subscriber:", err)
break // <-- use break instead of panic
}
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(msg.Payload), &user); err != nil {
log.Println("Unmarshal:", err)
panic(err)
}
text := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\", \"email\":\"%s\"}", user.Name, user.Email))
if err = c.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, text); err != nil {
log.Println("write:", err)
break
}
}
}
}
I've accomplished implementing TCP reverse proxy in GoLang. But unfortunately couldn't come up with implementing caching to a TCP reverse proxy. Is it possible to do so, if yes, is there any resource out there? Is caching possible on a TCP (Transport Layer of Network)?
Here's the simple TCP reverse proxy in Golang.
package main
import (
"io"
"log"
"net"
)
//Proxy struct
type Proxy struct {
laddr, raddr *net.TCPAddr
lconn, rconn io.ReadWriteCloser
errorSignal chan bool
}
// New Create a new Proxy instance.
func New(lconn *net.TCPConn, laddr, raddr *net.TCPAddr) *Proxy {
return &Proxy{
lconn: lconn,
laddr: laddr,
raddr: raddr,
errorSignal: make(chan bool),
}
}
//TCPAddressResolver resolves an address and returns to a struct having ip and port.
func TCPAddressResolver(addr string) (tcpAddress *net.TCPAddr, err error) {
tcpAddress, err = net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", addr)
return
}
func main() {
listenerAddress, err := TCPAddressResolver(":8080")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to resolve local address: %v", err)
}
remoteAddress, err := TCPAddressResolver(":3000")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to resolve remote address: %v", err)
}
listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", listenerAddress)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to open local port to listen: %v", err)
}
log.Printf("Simple Proxy started on: %d and forwards to port %d", listenerAddress.Port, remoteAddress.Port)
for {
conn, err := listener.AcceptTCP()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to accept connection: %v", err)
continue
}
var p *Proxy
// HTTP is a stateless protocol thus a proxy needs to reinitiate the new next incoming call (conn)
// each time it finishes handling the previous one.
p = New(conn, listenerAddress, remoteAddress)
p.Start()
}
}
//Start initiates transmission of data to and from the remote to client side.
func (p *Proxy) Start() {
defer p.lconn.Close()
var err error
p.rconn, err = net.DialTCP("tcp", nil, p.raddr)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Remote connection failure: %v", err)
}
defer p.rconn.Close()
go p.CopySrcDst(p.lconn, p.rconn)
go p.CopySrcDst(p.rconn, p.lconn)
//Wait for everything to close -- This one blocks the routine.
<-p.errorSignal
log.Printf("Closing Start routine \n")
}
func (p *Proxy) err(err error) {
if err != io.EOF {
log.Printf("Warning: %v: Setting error signal to true", err)
}
p.errorSignal <- true
}
//CopySrcDst copies data from src to dest
func (p *Proxy) CopySrcDst(src, dst io.ReadWriteCloser) {
buff := make([]byte, 1024)
for {
n, err := src.Read(buff)
if err != nil {
// Reading error.
p.err(err)
return
}
dataFromBuffer := buff[:n]
n, err = dst.Write(dataFromBuffer)
if err != nil {
// Writing error.
p.err(err)
return
}
}
}
You are asking how to save data read from an io.Reader. That's different from caching.
The easiest approach is to tee the reader into a buffer.
While you are at it, you might as well use io.Copy instead of the similar code in the question. The code in the question does not handle the case when read returns n > 0 and a non-nil error.
Use an error group to coordinate waiting for the goroutines and collecting error status.
var g errgroup.Group
var rbuf, lbuf bytes.Buffer
g.Go(func() error {
_, err := io.Copy(lconn, io.TeeReader(p.rconn, &rbuf))
return err
})
g.Go(func() error {
_, err := io.Copy(rconn, io.TeeReader(p.lconn, &lbuf))
return err
})
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
// handle error
}
// rbuf and lbuf have the contents of the two streams.
The name of the programming language is "Go", not "Golang" or "GoLang".
I'm trying to create a client and a server using Go but for some reason the server reports the connection as "closed". As the code is trivial I can't think of anything wrong with my code. Any help is appreciated.
package main
import (
log "github.com/golang/glog"
"net/http"
"golang.org/x/net/websocket"
"time"
"flag"
)
type server struct {
payload chan string
}
// srv pushes the messages received via ws into srv.payload
func (srv *server) serve(ws *websocket.Conn) {
go func() {
var msg string
if err := websocket.Message.Receive(ws, &msg); err != nil {
log.Exit(err)
}
srv.payload <- msg
}()
return
}
// This example demonstrates a trivial client/ server.
func main() {
flag.Parse()
srv := server{payload: make(chan string, 10)}
http.Handle("/echo", websocket.Handler(srv.serve))
go func() {
err := http.ListenAndServe(":12345", nil)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("ListenAndServe: " + err.Error())
}
}()
// give the server some time to start listening
time.Sleep(3 *time.Second)
//dial and test the response.
ws, err := websocket.Dial("ws://localhost:12345/echo", "", "http://localhost/?x=45")
if err != nil {
log.Exit(err)
}
ms := "test"
if err := websocket.Message.Send(ws, ms); err != nil {
log.Exit(err)
}
msg := <-srv.payload
if msg != ms{
log.Errorf("msg %v is not %v", ms)
}
}
Error
t.go:21] read tcp 127.0.0.1:12345->127.0.0.1:43135:
Edit:
After some try and error I've found that if I remove the go routine from the serve method it works but it doesn't make sense to me. Any idea why it doesn't work when websocket.Message.Receive is in a separate go routine?
package main
import (
log "github.com/golang/glog"
"net/http"
"golang.org/x/net/websocket"
"time"
"flag"
)
type server struct {
payload chan string
}
// srv pushes the messages received via ws into srv.payload
func (srv *server) serve(ws *websocket.Conn) {
var msg string
if err := websocket.Message.Receive(ws, &msg); err != nil {
log.Exit(err)
}
srv.payload <- msg
return
}
// This example demonstrates a trivial client/ server.
func main() {
flag.Parse()
srv := server{payload: make(chan string, 10)}
go func() {
http.Handle("/echo", websocket.Handler(srv.serve))
err := http.ListenAndServe(":12345", nil)
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("ListenAndServe: " + err.Error())
}
}()
// give the server some time to start listening
time.Sleep(3 *time.Second)
//dial and test the response.
ws, err := websocket.Dial("ws://localhost:12345/echo", "", "http://localhost/?x=45")
if err != nil {
log.Exit(err)
}
ms := "test"
if err := websocket.Message.Send(ws, ms); err != nil {
log.Exit(err)
}
msg := <-srv.payload
if msg != ms{
log.Errorf("msg %v is not %v", ms)
}
}
The websocket server closes the connection when the handler returns.
Removing the Go routine is the correct fix.