I have a column name 'Cos_Date' with value like 14APR2017:00:00:00.
However, for a new column name 'Arrival_Date', I would like to keep the date information but omit time, and keep the data type as Date but not Character. Ex, 14APR2017.
I have tried:
select TO_CHAR(Cos_Date, 'DD-MON-YYYY') ARRIVAL_DATE
But it will delete time information, but data type turns to Character.
I search on this site, and tried both:
select TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(Cos_Date, 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 'DD-MON-YYYY') ARRIVAL_DATE
and:
select TRUNC(Cos_Date) ARRIVAL_DATE
But it will not omit time information.
Can I try something else?
Thank you!
You can't "omit" the time portion of a DATE column in Oracle. The DATE data type always contains a time component. If you don't want to see the time, don't display it, e.g.,
SELECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(Cos_Date),'DD-MON-YYYY') FROM dual;
In Oracle there is no date data type that has only a year-month-day component.
The DATE data type is stored internally as 7- or 8-bytes which always has year (2-bytes), month (1-byte), day (1-byte), hour (1-byte), minute (1-byte) and second (1-byte).
The TIMESTAMP data type also has fractional seconds (and can also have a time zone).
Can I try something else?
No, you either use a VARCHAR2 string or use a DATE or TIMESTAMP and accept that it has a time component.
Selecting date values without time:
SELECT date_col
FROM table
WHERE TO_CHAR (date_col, 'HH24:MI:SS') = '00:00:00';
Related
I'm trying to store date type data from Oracle FORMS with format mask as like DD-MM-YYYY but every time it store as like DD/MON/YY.
I already alter session with NLS_DATE_FORMAT, but result is as same as before.
Oracle internal date format that is written in the table is something you can't change in any way, but, in the same time, it is irrelevant. If you are dealing with DATE type column then you should know that it containes both the date and the time. How, where and when you will show it or use it is on you. Here is a sample of a few formats derived from that original Oracle DATE format...
WITH
t AS
(
Select SYSDATE "MY_DATE_COLUMN" From Dual
)
Select
MY_DATE_COLUMN "DATE_DEFAULT_FORMAT",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'mm-dd-yyyy') "DATE_1",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'yyyy/mm/dd') "DATE_2",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'dd.mm.yyyy') "DATE_3",
To_Char(MY_DATE_COLUMN, 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss') "DATE_4"
From t
DATE_DEFAULT_FORMAT
DATE_1
DATE_2
DATE_3
DATE_4
22-OCT-22
10-22-2022
2022/10/22
22.10.2022
22.10.2022 10:59:44
You can find a lot more about the theme at https://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-basics/oracle-date/
Regards...
In Oracle, a DATE is a binary data-type consisting of 7-bytes (representing century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute and second). It ALWAYS has those 7 components and it is NEVER stored in any particular human-readable format.
every time it store as like DD/MON/YY.
As already mentioned, no, it does not store a date like that; the database stores dates as 7 bytes.
What you are seeing is that the client application, that you are using to connect to the database, is receiving the 7-byte binary date value and is choosing to convert it to something that is more easily comprehensible to you, the user, and is defaulting to converting the date to a string with the format DD/MON/RR.
What you should be doing is changing how the dates are displayed by the client application by either:
Change the settings in the Toad (View > Toad Options > Data Grids > Data and set the Date Format option) and allow Toad to implicitly format the string; or
Use TO_CHAR to explicitly format the date (TO_CHAR(column_name, 'DD-MM-YYYY')).
I'm trying to store data as like DD-MM-YYYY.
If you want to store a date then STORE it as a date (which has no format) and format it when you DISPLAY it.
If you have a valid business case to store it with a format then you will need to store it as a string, rather than as a date, because you can format strings; however, this is generally considered bad practice and should be avoided.
Sadman, to add to what others have posted I suggest you do not write your applications with reliance on the NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter but rather you screens and application should specify the expected DATE entry format and the code should use the TO_DATE function to store the data into the database. All application SQL should use the TO_CHAR function to format date output for display.
I try to insert the created field in my_table. The created field has a datetime type. In my_table the field my_created has a date format. So I try to TRUNC the created field. However I'm getting the error ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input stringwhile inserting the truncated value. It seems, that the time is still there but is reset to 00:00. how can I get only the date without time? It happens only in perl. I'm getting only date in toad.
Very simplified code looks like:
my $SQL="SELECT
TRUNC(CREATED),
FROM
DBA_OBJECTS";
my $sth = $db->prepare($SQL);
$sth->execute();
my $date = $sth->fetchrow();
$SQL = "INSERT INTO MY_TABLE
(MY_CREATED)
VALUES (?)";
my $stmt = $dbh_master->prepare($SQL);
$stmt->execute($date);
EDIT:
I found an ugly workaround and I'm executing it like this:
$stmt->execute(substr($date, 0, 10));
However maybe someone has a nicer solution.
How can I get only the date without time?
In Oracle, a DATE is a binary data type that is composed of 7 bytes representing: century, year-of-century, month, day, hour, minute and second. It ALWAYS has those binary components so if you want an Oracle DATE data type then you cannot get it without a time.
The Oracle DATE data type was released with Oracle version 2 in 1979 and predates the ANSI/ISO standard (of 1986, where a DATE does not have a time component) and Oracle has maintained backwards compatibility with their previous data types rather than adopting the ANSI standard.
If you use the TRUNC(date_value, format_model) function then it will set the binary components of the DATE, up to the specified format model, to the minimum (0 for hours, minutes and seconds, 1 for days and months) but it will NOT give you a data type that does not have a time component.
It happens only in perl. I'm getting only date in toad.
No, you are getting the entire 7 byte binary value in Toad; however, the user interface is only choosing to show you the date component. There should be a setting in the preferences that can set the date format in Toad which will let you see the entire date-time components.
Oracle SQL/Plus and SQL Developer use the NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter and Toad may also be able to use that.
If you want to get the value as a DATE then it will always have a time component (even if you set that time component to zeros using TRUNC).
If you want to get the date so that it is formatted in a way without a time component then you need to convert it to another data type and can use TO_CHAR to format it as a string:
SELECT TO_CHAR(CREATED, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
FROM DBA_OBJECTS
But then you will be returning a (formatted) string and not a DATE data type.
I need your assistance with converting Oracle dates.
I have a column that stores dates like this 20150731 00:00:34.220. However, I would like to show the column like this 20150731 but when I run a simple select statement to test output I get the following error.
select TO_DATE('20150731 00:00:34.550','YYYYMMDD')
from dual
Error
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
This query
select TO_DATE('20150731 00:00:34.550','YYYYMMDD')
from dual
leads to error
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
because you pass string with length 22 characters, but at the same time you pass date format with 8 characters, which obviously doesn't correspond to string. You should write the query as
select to_timestamp('20150731 00:00:34.550','yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss.ff3')
from dual
As for your table, since you have varchar2 column with dates, you have to take care about table content. Query requires exect matching of the source string and date format.
If you want to show only date without time and you don't need to process this string as date, you can make just
select substr('20150731 00:00:34.550', 1, 8)
from dual
What is the data type of the column? If it is DATE (as it should be) then not it is not stored in the format you say. It is stored in an internal binary format. You would/should use the to_char function to DISPLAY it in whatever format you choose. If you do not use the to_char function, it will be displayed in the format specified by NLS_DATE_FORMAT, which can be specified at several locations.
As for your example, you passed a string format of yyyymmd hh:mi:ss.fff', but you provided a description mask of only YYYYMMDD. It doesn't know what to do with time component. In addition to that when you SELECT TO_DATE, oracle also has to do an implied TO_CHAR to convert it back to a string for display purposes.
In addition, you provided your to_date with a character string that included fractions of seconds. A DATE data type only resolves to seconds. If you need fractional seconds, you need to use TIMESTAMP, not DATE.
If your column is a varchar and you need a date output:
select TO_DATE(substr('20150731 00:00:34.550', 1, 8),'YYYYMMDD') from dual
If it's in a date format and you need a string output:
select to_char(your_column, 'YYYYMMDD') from your_table
Is that being stored in an Oracle datetime column? If not, you may have to do some manipulation to get it into a DD-MON-YYYY format. If it is being stored as a text string you could use SUBSTR( Date_field, Start_Position, Length) to get the first 8 characters. check out this link SUBSTR
Working on the assumption that you're not trying to change the value in the column, and are just trying to show it in the YYYYMMDD format -
As mentioned by a_horse_with_no_name, you'll just need to convert it to a character string. In this example I used systimestamp as my date:
SELECT TO_CHAR(systimestamp,'YYYYMMDD') FROM DUAL
Result:
20160121
That should give you the YYYYMMDD format you want to display.
1) Why is that this doesn't works
select * from table where trunc(field1)=to_date('25-AUG-15','DD-MON-YY');
select * from table where trunc(field1)=to_date('25/Aug/15','DD/MON/YY');
row is returned in above cases.
So, does this mean that no matter what format the date is there in field1, if it is the valid date and matches with 25th August, it will be returned ( it won't care what format specifier we specify at the right side of the query i.e. DD-MON-YY or DD/MON/YY or anything else) ?
2) but comparsion as string exactly works:
select * from table where to_char(field1)=to_char(to_date
('25/AUG/15','DD/MON/YY'), 'DD/MON/YY');
no row is returned as the comparison is performed exactly.
I have field1 as '25-AUG-15' ( although it can be viewed differently doing alter session NLS_DATE_FORMAT...)
field1 is of DATE type
Any help in understanding this is appreciated specifically with respect to point 1
The DATE data type does not have format -- it's simply a number. So, a DATE 25-Aug-2015 is the same as DATE 25/AUG/15, as well as DATE 2015-08-15, because it's the same DATE.
Strings, on the other hand, are collections of characters, so '25-Aug-2015' is obviously different from '25/AUG/15'.
In the first example you are comparing DATE values. In the second example you are comparing strings.
So you have a field of type DATE with value of The 25th of August 2015,
but it could be visualized in different ways, what in fact is named format.
The DATE has format!
The DATE has implicit format defined by Oracle, in your case it is DD-MON-YY, because you see your field as 25-AUG-15.
You can select your data without TO_DATE conversion, just matching this default format like this:
select * from table where trunc(field1)='25-AUG-15';
In fact, it's not recommended, because if someone will change the default format, Oracle will not be able to understand that you are going to tell him a DATE.
So the to_date conversion in this case:
select * from table where
trunc(field1)=to_date('25/AUG/15','DD/MON/YY');
is used to specify that you wanna tell to Oracle a DATE type with value of 25th of August 2015, using a diffrent format, specified as second parameter. (DD/MM/YY in this case).
I have created a table in Oracle in which I have KPI_START_DATE column which is a Date datatype, and KPI_START_TIME which is a TIMESTAMP datatype.
Now I want to modify this date dataype for
KPI_START_DATE to dd/mm/yyyy
and
KPI_START_TIME to HH:MI:SS.
So that user should always enter the date and time in this column in this proper format.
I tried below query but its was giving error:
Alter table KPI_DEFINITION MODIFY(to_char(KPI_START_DATE,'dd/mm/yyyy') )
DATE and TIMESTAMP columns do not have any inherent readable format. The values are stored in Oracle's own internal representation, which has no resemblance to a human-readable date or time. At the point to retrieve or display a value you can convert it to whatever format you want, with to_char().
Both DATE and TIMESTAMP have date and time components (to second precision with DATE, and with fractional seconds with TIMESTAMP; plus time zone information with the extended data types), and you should not try to store them separately as two columns. Have a single column and extract the information you need at any time; to get the information out of a single column but split into two fields you could do:
select to_char(KPI_START, 'dd/mm/yyyy') as KPI_START_DATE,
to_char(KPI_START, 'hh24:mi:ss') as KPI_START_TIME
but you'd generally want both together anyway:
select to_char(KPI_START, 'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss')
Also notice the 'hh24' format model to get the 24-hour clock time; otherwise you wouldn't see any difference between 3 a.m. and 3 p.m.
You can store a value in either type of column with the time set to midnight, but it does still have a time component - it is just midnight. You can't store a value in either type of column with just a time component - it has to have a date too. You could make that a nominal date and just ignore it, but I've never seen a valid reason to do that - you're wasting storage in two columns, and making searching for and comparing values much harder. Oracle even provides a default date if you don't specify one (first day of current month). But the value always has both a date and a time part:
create table KPI_DEFINITION (KPI_START date);
insert into KPI_DEFINITION (KPI_START)
values (to_date('27/01/2015', 'DD/MM/YYYY'));
insert into KPI_DEFINITION (KPI_START)
values (to_date('12:41:57', 'HH24:MI:SS'));
select to_char(KPI_START, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from KPI_DEFINITION;
TO_CHAR(KPI_START,'YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS')
-----------------------------------------
2015-01-27 00:00:00
2015-01-01 12:41:57
Your users should be inserting a single value with both date and time as one:
insert into KPI_DEFINITION (KPI_START)
values (to_date('27/01/2015 12:41:57', 'DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
select to_char(KPI_START, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from KPI_DEFINITION;
TO_CHAR(KPI_START,'YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS')
-----------------------------------------
2015-01-27 12:41:57
You can also use date or timestamp literals, and if using to_date() you should always specify the full format - don't rely on NLS settings as they may be different for other users.
You should understand difference between datatype and format. DATE is a datatype. TIMESTAMP is a datatype. None of them have formats, they're just numbers.
When converting character datatype to or from date datatype, format should be applied. It's an attribute of an actual conversion, nothing else.
Look at this:
SQL> create table tmp$date(d date);
Table created
SQL> insert into tmp$date values (DATE '2010-11-01');
1 row inserted
SQL> insert into tmp$date values (DATE '2014-12-28');
1 row inserted
SQL> select d, dump(d) from tmp$date;
D DUMP(D)
----------- ---------------------------------
01.11.2010 Typ=12 Len=7: 120,110,11,1,1,1,1
28.12.2014 Typ=12 Len=7: 120,114,12,28,1,1,1
There is no any 'format' here.
DISPLAYING and STORING are NOT the same when it comes to DATE.
When people say Oracle isn’t storing the date in the format they wanted, what is really happening is Oracle is not presenting the date in the character string format they expected or wanted.
When a data element of type DATE is selected, it must be converted from its internal, binary format, to a string of characters for human consumption. The conversion of data from one type to another is known as known a “conversion”, “type casting” or “coercion”. In Oracle the conversion between dates and character strings is controlled by the NLS_DATE_FORMAT model. The NLS_DATE_FORMAT can be set in any of several different locations, each with its own scope of influence.
I could go on with my leacture over DATE data type, but I am glad that someone has already got a good writeup over this. Please read this https://edstevensdba.wordpress.com/2011/04/07/nls_date_format/