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Clearing prompt in OS X Terminal is really annoying. We have ctrl+u to clear before cursor and ctrl+k to clear after cursor. Is there any way to clear whole prompt with esc key, like in Windows?
The built in options are either Ctrl + AK to go to the beginning of the line and clear it or Ctrl + C to cancel the current command.
If you go into your Terminal settings and look under Profiles > Keyboard you'll see the interface for creating custom keyboard shortcuts. Just create a new shortcut and set it to Send Text '\001\013' (or hit whatever command keys you want to use) and bind it to whatever key/combo you want.
I'm writing this question because one little invisible problem has taken from me hours and hours of dummy searchings, and the time just has been wasted (here is that question: CSS: Is there any difference between these two parts?)
Does anybody know how the character 0x08 ("backspace" in ASCII) can be written into a text using a MacBook and a simple IDE (I use the "Coda")?
There is no ability to press Alt + 08 on MacBook (there is no digital keys part on the MacBook's keyboard).
How it can happen?
Did you copy & paste it from anywhere? Because the only way I know - apart from what SCFrench suggested - is to enable this in Terminal by typing:
stty erase SPACE CTRL+V CTRL+H RETURN
Not sure if this is the easiest way, but:
In the Keyboard system preferences panel, check "Show Keyboard & Character Viewer in menu bar".
Find the Keyboard menu bar icon (on the right side of the menu bar), click it, and select "Show Character Viewer".
In the Characters window that appears, find the "View" pop up menu and select "Code Tables".
Select the Unicode coding tab.
In the middle section where all the characters are displayed, click on the entry for 0008 (it will be blank, but the Name: field will say "BACKSPACE").
Click the Insert button in the same window.
Since the character is non-printable, it doesn't actually show anything in the text editor, but (at least in TextEdit) you will see that you have to hit the left or right arrow key more than once to move past it. I also confirmed by dumping the file in hex that it contains a 08 byte.
You could also use this technique to set up a Text Substitution in the Text tab of the Language & Text system preference panel.
Shift + Up Arrow + Delete/Backspace. It's a bug.
http://www.openradar.me/5288750
I know the combination Ctrl+A to jump to the beginning of the current command, and Ctrl+E to jump to the end.
But is there any way to jump word by word, like Alt+←/→ in Cocoa applications does?
Out of the box you can use the quite bizarre Esc+F to move to the beginning of the next word and Esc+B to move to the beginning of the current word.
On macOS (all versions) the following keyboard shortcuts work by default.
ALT+F to jump Forward by a word.
ALT+B to jump Backward by a word.
Note that you have to make set the Option key to act like the Meta key. You can do this in Terminal by accessing preferences (CMD+,) and selecting Profiles -> Keyboard. In iTerm2 Pselect rofiles -> Keys -> General and select "Option key as Esc+."
Additionally some Emacs-style key bindings for simple text navigation seem to work on bash shells. You can use:
CTRL+F to move forward by a char
CTRL+B to move backward by a char
CTRL+A to jump to start of the line
CTRL+E to jump to end of the line
CTRL+K to kill the line starting from the cursor position
ALT+D to delete a word starting from the current cursor position
CTRL+W to remove the word backwards from cursor position
CTRL+Y to paste text from the kill buffer
CTRL+R to reverse search for commands you typed in the past from your history.
CTRL+S to forward search (works in ZSH for me but not bash)
Here's how you can do it
By default, the Terminal has these shortcuts to move (left and right) word-by-word:
esc+B (left)
esc+F (right)
You can configure alt+← and → to generate those sequences for you:
Open Terminal preferences (cmd+,);
At Settings tab, select Keyboard and double-click ⌥ ← if it's there, or add it if it's not.
Set the modifier as desired, and type the shortcut key in the box: esc+B, generating the text \033b (you can't type this text manually).
Repeat for word-right (esc+F becomes \033f)
Alternatively, you can refer to this blog post over at textmate:
http://blog.macromates.com/2006/word-movement-in-terminal/
Switch to iTerm2. It's free and much nicer than plain old terminal. Also it has a lot more options for customization, like keyboard shortcuts.
Also I love that you can use cmd and 1-9 to switch between tabs. Try it and you will never go back to regular terminal :)
How to set up custom keyboard preferences in iterm2
Install iTerm2
Launch and then go to preference pane.
Choose the keyboard profiles tab
You will either need to copy the profile to something new and then delete the arrow key shortcuts such as ^+ Right/Left or if you don't care about a backup just delete them from the default profile.
Next make sure your modified profile is selected (starred)
Now choose the keyboard tab (very top row)
Click on the plus button to add a new keyboard shortcut
In the first box type CMD+Left arrow
In the second box choose "send escape code"
In the third box type the letter B
Repeat with desired key combinations. escape+B moves one word to the left, escape+f moves one word to the right.
you may also wish to set up cmd+d to delete the word in front of the cursor with escape+d
I often hit the wrong button (cmd / control / alt) with an arrow key and so i have my arrow key combinations with those buttons all set to jump forward and back words, but please do what fits you best.
Actually there is a much better approach. Hold option ( alt on some keyboards) and press the arrow keys left or right to move by word. Simple as that.
option←
option→
Also ctrle will take you to the end of the line and ctrla will take you to the start.
I have Alt+←/→ working: open Preferences » Settings » Keyboard, set the entry for option cursor left to send string to shell: \033b, and set option cursor right to send string to shell: \033f. You can also use this for other Control key combinations.
Use Natural Text Editing preset!
Essentially it binds, among other key sequences, Option + LeftArrow to ^[b sequence and Option + RightArrow to ^[f
This works in fish and bash, as well as in psql terminal.
Actually it depends on what shell you use, however most shells have similar bindings. The bindings you are referring to (e.g. Ctrl+A and Ctrl+E) are bindings you will find in many other programs and they are used for ages, BTW also work in most UI apps.
Here's a look of default bindings for Bash:
Most Important Bash Keyboard Shortcuts
Please also note that you can customize them. You need to create a file, name as you wish, I named mine .bash_key_bindings and put it into my home directory. There you can set some general bash options and you can also set key bindings. To make sure they are applied, you need to modify a file named ".bashrc" that bash reads in upon start-up (you must create it, if it does not exist) and make the following call there:
bind -f ~/.bash_key_bindings
~ means home directory in bash, as stated above, you can name the file as you like and also place it where you like as long as you feed the right path+name to bind.
Let me show you some excerpts of my .bash_key_bindings file:
set meta-flag on
set input-meta on
set output-meta on
set convert-meta off
set show-all-if-ambiguous on
set bell-style none
set print-completions-horizontally off
These just set a couple of options (e.g. disable the bell; this can be all looked up on the bash webpage).
"A": self-insert
"B": self-insert
"C": self-insert
"D": self-insert
"E": self-insert
"F": self-insert
"G": self-insert
"H": self-insert
"I": self-insert
"J": self-insert
These make sure that the characters alone just do nothing but making sure the character is "typed" (they insert themselves on the shell).
"\C-dW": kill-word
"\C-dL": kill-line
"\C-dw": backward-kill-word
"\C-dl": backward-kill-line
"\C-da": kill-line
This is quite interesting. If I hit Ctrl+D alone (I selected d for delete), nothing happens. But if I then type a lower case w, the word to the left of the cursor is deleted. If I type an upper case, however, the word to the right of the cursor is killed. Same goes for l and L regarding the whole line starting from the cursor. If I type an "a", the whole line is actually deleted (everything before and after the cursor).
I placed jumping one word forward on Ctrl+F and one word backward on Ctrl+B
"\C-f": forward-word
"\C-b": backward-word
As you can see, you can make a shortcut, that leads to an action immediately, or you can make one, that just inits a character sequence and then you have to type one (or more) characters to cause an action to take place as shown in the example further above.
So if you are not happy with the default bindings, feel free to customize them as you like. Here's a link to the bash manual for more information.
Hold down the Option key and click where you'd like the cursor to move
If you happen to be a Vim user, you could try bash's vim mode. Run this or put it in your ~/.bashrc file:
set -o vi
By default you're in insert mode; hit escape and you can move around just like you can in normal-mode Vim, so movement by word is w or b, and the usual movement keys also work.
If you check Use option as meta key in the keyboard tab of the preferences, then the default emacs style commands for forward- and backward-word and ⌥F (Alt+F) and ⌥B (Alt+B) respectively.
I'd recommend reading From Bash to Z-Shell. If you want to increase your bash/zsh prowess!
As of Mac OS X Lion 10.7, Terminal maps Option-Left/Right Arrow to Esc-b/f by default, so this is now built-in for bash and other programs that use these emacs-compatible keybindings.
In Bash, these are bound to Esc-B and Esc-F.
Bash has many, many more keyboard shortcuts; have a look at the output of bind -p to see what they are.
Under iterm2's Preferences > Profile > Keys, you click the + below Key Mappings and record a new shortcut. For Action, select Send Escape Sequence and type b or f for backwards and forwards respectively.
When I tried to record one for (Ctrl+←), I noticed in the Keyboard Shortcut field that the arrow never showed up. Turns out I had to disable the default mac's System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Mission Control shorcuts first to get things to work, as they'll override iterm2's default shortcuts. Should be true for the standard terminal app, too.
For some reason, my terminal's option+arrow weren't working. To fix this on macOS 10.15.6, I opened the terminal app's preferences, and had to set the bindings.
Option-left = \033b
Option-right = \033e
For some reason, the option-right I had was set up to be \033f. Now that it's fixed, I can freely skip around words in the termianl again.
Here's the CLI way to do so, verified it works on bash.
Add the following to your ~/.inputrc:
# macOS Option + Left/Right arrow keys to move the cursor wordwise
"\e\e[C": forward-word
"\e\e[D": backward-word
The advantage of this method is that it is terminal application agnostic - doesn't matter whether you use Terminal.app, iTerm2, or any other application.
Inspiration got from this other answer.
New answer for iTerm2 Build 3.3.4 users:
Step 1: (macOS X) System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts tab > Select Mission Control (left panel) > Uncheck shortcuts that labeled as "Move left a space" and "Move right a space"
Step 2: (iTerm2 Build 3.3.4) Preferences > Profiles > Select * Default (left panel) > Keys tab > Delete both "⌥->" and "⌥<-" entries > Set both "Left Option (⌥) Key:" and "Right Option (⌥) Key:" to Esc+
No messing around with shell profiles, no messing around with inferior masOS (default) Terminal, no awkwards Esc+F/B, rinse & repeat non-sense.
Done deal!!!
Enjoy this tip, my fellow PROGRAMMERS!
As answered previously, you can add set -o vi in your ~/.bashrc to use vi/vim key bindings, or else you can add following part in .bashrc to move with Ctrl and arrow keys:
# bindings to move 1 word left/right with ctrl+left/right in terminal, just some apple stuff!
bind '"\e[5C": forward-word'
bind '"\e[5D": backward-word'
# bindings to move 1 word left/right with ctrl+left/right in iTerm2, just some apple stuff!
bind '"\e[1;5C": forward-word'
bind '"\e[1;5D": backward-word'
To start effect of these lines of code, either source ~/.bashrc or start a new terminal session.
Just check the "Use Option as meta key" option in Terminal > Preferences > Settings > [profile] > Keyboard, as mentioned here already by #cris-page.
Note however, that in macOS Catalina (10.15) and newer, zsh becomes the default shell for newly added users: its default configuration considers only whitespaces as word-boundaries, whereas the old bash makes meta-left/right jump to the nearest non-alphanumerical character (similar to B/W as opposed to b/w for those familiar with vim):
v----v- bash jumps here
$ vim some-folder/what.txt_<- jump left twice from here
^---^- zsh jumps here by default
(similar motions are true for meta-backspace as well)
There are more than one ways to make zsh command line editor navigation work similarly to bash's - here is one such method:
# Place in your profile init script, e.g. `~/.zshrc`
autoload -U select-word-style
select-word-style bash
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Is there a keyboard shortcut for pasting the content of the clipboard into a command prompt window on Windows XP (instead of using the right mouse button)?
The typical Shift+Insert does not seem to work here.
Yes.. but awkward. Link
alt + Space, e, k <-- for copy and
alt + Space, e, p <-- for paste.
I personally use a little AutoHotkey script to remap certain keyboard functions, for the console window (CMD) I use:
; Redefine only when the active window is a console window
#IfWinActive ahk_class ConsoleWindowClass
; Close Command Window with Ctrl+w
$^w::
WinGetTitle sTitle
If (InStr(sTitle, "-")=0) {
Send EXIT{Enter}
} else {
Send ^w
}
return
; Ctrl+up / Down to scroll command window back and forward
^Up::
Send {WheelUp}
return
^Down::
Send {WheelDown}
return
; Paste in command window
^V::
; Spanish menu (Editar->Pegar, I suppose English version is the same, Edit->Paste)
Send !{Space}ep
return
#IfWinActive
Not really programming related, but I found this on Google, there is not a direct keyboard shortcut, but makes it a little quicker.
To enable or disable QuickEdit mode:
Open the MS-DOS program, or the command prompt.
Right-click the title bar and press Properties.
Select the Options tab.
Check or un-check the QuickEdit Mode box.
Press OK.
In the Apply Properties To Shortcut dialog, select the Apply properties to current window only if you wish to change the QuickEdit setting for this session of this window only, or select Modify shortcut that started this window to change the QuickEdit setting for all future invocations of the command prompt, or MS-DOS program.
To Copy text when QuickEdit is enabled:
Click and drag the mouse pointer over the text you want.
Press Enter (or right-click anywhere in the window) to copy the text to the clipboard.
To Paste text when QuickEdit is enabled:
Right-click anywhere in the window.
To Copy text when QuickEdit is disabled:
Right-click the title bar, press Edit on the menu, and press Mark.
Drag the mouse over the text you want to copy.
Press Enter (or right-click anywhere in the window) to copy the text to the clipboard.
To Paste text when QuickEdit is disabled:
Right-click the title bar, press Edit on the menu, and press Paste.
Thanks Pablo, just what I was looking for! However, if I can take the liberty of improving your script slightly, I suggest replacing your ^V macro with the following:
; Use backslash instead of backtick (yes, I am a C++ programmer).
#EscapeChar \
; Paste in command window.
^V::
StringReplace clipboard2, clipboard, \r\n, \n, All
SendInput {Raw}%clipboard2%
return
The advantage of using SendInput is that
it doesn't rely on the command prompt system menu having an "Alt+Space E P" menu item to do the pasting (works for English and Spanish, but not for all languages).
it avoids that nasty flicker you get as the menu is created and destroyed.
Note, it's important to include the "{Raw}" in the SendInput command, in case the clipboard happens to contain "!", "+", "^" or "#".
Note, it uses StringReplace to remove excess Windows carriage return characters. Thanks hugov for that suggestion!
There is also a great open source tool called clink, which extends cmd by many features. One of them is being able to use ctrl+v to insert text.
On Windows 10, you can enable Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V to work in the command prompt:
Here's a free tool that will do it on Windows. I prefer it to a script as it's easy to set up. It runs as a fast native app, works on XP and up, has configuration settings that allow to remap copy/paste/selection keys for command windows:
Plus I know the developers.
simplest method is just the copy the text that you want to paste it in cmd and open cmd goto "properties"---> "option" tab----> check the (give tick mark) "quickEdit mode" and click "ok" .....now you can paste any text from clipboard by doing right click from ur mouse.
Thank you..
Thanks, Pablo, for referring to AutoHotkey utility.
Since I have Launchy installed which uses Alt+Space I had to modify it a but to add Shift key as shown:
; Paste in command window
^V::
; Spanish menu (Editar->Pegar, I suppose English version is the same, Edit->Paste)
Send !+{Space}ep
return
This is not really a shortcut but just a quick access to the control menu: Alt-space E P
If you can use your mouse, right click on the cmd window works as paste when I tried it.
Theoretically, the application in DOS Prompt has its own clipboard and shortcuts. To import text from Windows clipboard is "extra". However you can use Alt-Space to open system menu of Prompt window, then press E, P to select Edit, Paste menu. However, MS could provide shortcut using Win-key. There is no chance to be used in DOS application.
It took me a small while to figure out why your AutoHotkey script does not work with me:
; Use backslash instead of backtick (yes, I am a C++ programmer).
#EscapeChar \
; Paste in command window.
^V::
StringReplace clipboard2, clipboard, \r\n, \n, All
SendInput {Raw}%clipboard2%
return
In fact, it relies on keystrokes and consequently on keyboard layout!
So when you are, as I am, unfortunate to have only an AZERTY keyboard, your suggestion just does not work. And worse, I found no easy way to replace SendInput method or twist its environment to fix this. For example SendInput "1" just does not send digit 1.
I had to turn every character into its unicode to make it work on my computer:
#EscapeChar \
; Paste in command window.
^V::
StringReplace clipboard2, clipboard, \r\n, \n, All
clipboard3 := ""
Loop {
if (a_index>strlen(clipboard2))
break
char_asc := Asc(SubStr(clipboard2, a_Index, 1))
if (char_asc > 127 and char_asc < 256)
add_zero := "0"
else
add_zero := ""
clipboard3 := clipboard3 . "{Asc " . add_zero . char_asc . "}"
}
SendInput %clipboard3%
return
Not very simple...
If you use the clipboard manager Ditto (open source, gratis), you can simply use the shortcut to paste from Ditto, and it will paste the clipboard in CMD for you.
I followed #PabloG's steps as follows
goto http://www.autohotkey.com/ - download autohotkey
follow simple installation steps
after installation create new *.ahk file as follows right click on desktop > new > Autohotkey Script > giveAnyFileName.ahk
right click on this file > Edit
copy paste autohotkey script given by #PabloG in his answer
save and close
double click on file to run
Done now you should be able to use Ctrl+v for paste in command prompt
You could try using Texter and create something unlikely like:
./p , triggered by space and replacing the text with %c
I just tested it and it works fine. The only gotcha is to use a rare sequence, as Texter cannot restrict this to just cmd.
There are probably other utilities of this kind which could work, and even AutoHotKey, upon which Texter is built could do it better, but Texter is easy :-)
A simpler way is to use windows powershell instead of cmd. itworks fine with texter.
I've recently found that command prompt has support for context menu via the right mouse click. You can find more details here: http://www.askdavetaylor.com/copy_paste_within_microsoft_windows_command_prompt.html
Pretty simple solution may be Console 2, redefine keys and you go.
If you're a Cygwin user, you can append the following to your ~/.bashrc file:
stty lnext ^q stop undef start undef
And the following to your ~/.inputrc file:
"\C-v": paste-from-clipboard
"\C-C": copy-to-clipboard
Restart your Cygwin terminal.
(Note, I've used an uppercase C for copy, since CTRL+c is assigned to the break function on most consoles. Season to taste.)
Source
Instead of "right click"....start your session (once you're in the command prompt window) by keying Alt/SpaceBar. That will open the Command Prompt window menu and you'll see your familiar, underlined keyboard command shortcuts, just like in Windows GUI.
Good luck!
Under VISTA Command prompt:
Click on the System Icon
Select Defaults from the Menu
On the Options tab in the Options group I have
"Quick Edit Mode", "Insert Mode", and "Auto Complete" selected
I think that "Quick Edit Mode" is what makes it work.
To paste whatever is in the Clipboard at the insertion point: Right Click.
To copy from the Command Window
Select by holding down the left mouse button and dragging the pointer across what you want to copy
Once selected, right click
To paste at the insertion point, right click again.
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I'm a keyboard junkie. I love having a key sequence to do everything. What are your favorite keyboard shortcuts?
I'll start by naming a couple of mine:
1 - Alt-Space to access the windows menu for the current window
2 - F2 to rename a file in Windows Explorer
Win + Pause/Break to bring up computer information and to access environment variables under the Advanced tab.
Win + R to go straight to the run box (though I barely use this anymore since I started with Launchy).
Of course Alt + Tab but also Alt + Shift + Tab for going backwards.
Oh, and personally, I hate Ctrl + F4 for closing tabs - too much of a pinky stretch.
Oh and try Win + Tab on Windows 7 (with Aero on).
Win + 1 .. 9 -- Start quick launch shortcut at that index (Windows Vista).
Ctrl + Scroll Lock, Scroll Lock -- Crash your computer: Windows feature lets you generate a memory dump file by using the keyboard
#gabr -- Win + D is show desktop, Win + M minimizes all windows. Hitting Win + D twice brings everything back as it has only shown the desktop window in front of the other windows.
Alt-F4 to close a program.
WindowsKey + L to lock my workstation
Ctr-Shift-Ins to copy text from a textbox
Alt-Print Screen to capture a shot of just a window
WindowsKey + R to open the "Run" dialog (XP Pro only- does something else on XP Home)
Win-D to minimize all applications
Ctrl-Shift-Esc to open Task Manager
Win-L to lock the computer..
To maximize a window: Alt+Space, X
To restore a window: Alt+Space, R
To minimize a window: Alt+Space, N
To close a window: Alt+Space, C
I try to stick to my keyboard as well. I frequently use...
Win+L to Lock my system
Alt+F4 to close a program
Win+R to launch from the Run Window (Used for frequent programs instead of going through QuickLaunch)
F2 to rename a file
Win+D to go to Desktop
Alt+Tab and Alt+Tab+Shift to cycle through open programs
Visual Studio
Alt, D (debug), P (process), W (webdev process)
Alt, T (Tools), P (process), W (webdev process) for VS 2008
Alt, M, O to collapse to definitions
F5 to launch
F9, F10, and F11 for stepping through debugger
Alt+K, D to format a document
Alt+K, C to comment
Alt+K, U to uncomment
Browser
Alt+W to close tab
F6 to focus on the address bar
How is this not here?
+Pause to System Information. Then the system PATH variable is only 2 clicks away (Advanced system settings,Environment Variables...)
F4 in windows explorer to access the location bar trivially.
Menu key (next to the right-hand windows key) + W + F to create a new folder in explorer.
Win + E to open an Windows Explorer reference
Win + R from the Run box
Ctrl + Esc to open the start menu
And, of course, Alt + F4 to close things.
A few basic keyboard shortcuts for clipboard operations, text selection, and navigation that work in most Windows programs:
Clipboard
Ctrl+X - Clipboard Cut
Ctrl+C - Clipboard Copy
Ctrl+V - Clipboard Paste
Selecting Text
Ctrl+A - Select All (in the current field or document)
Shift+[navigate with ▲/▼, Home/End, or Pg Up/Pg Dn] - Select text between the caret's previous and new positions. Continue to hold Shift and navigate to select more text.
Navigation
Ctrl+left arrow / Ctrl+right arrow - Move the caret to the previous/next word
Ctrl+Home / Ctrl+End - Go to beginning/end of the current field or document
Bonus Tip!
Before submitting a web form where you've entered a lot of text into a text field (for example, an email in a web-based mail client -- or a new question or answer on Stack Overflow!), do a quick Ctrl+A, Ctrl+C on the field. That way, if something goes wrong with the submit (even if the browser crashes), you haven't lost your work -- you have a copy of it sitting on the clipboard.
Ctrl+Shift+Esc to go straight to the task manager without any intermediate dialogs.
In calc, F5, F6, F7, F8 cycle between Hex, Dec, Oct, Bin mode.
I use the free AutoHotKey, then I define my own shortcuts:
dobule tap F4 quickly => Close active Windows (like Alt+F4 but with one finger only)
double tap Right Alt quickly => Find and Run Robot task manager
F12 => open Find and Run Robot Locate32 plugin (I use it like a very lightweight desktop search)
Ctrl+Up / Down in a command window => scroll back / forward command line like the mouse wheel
Ctrl+w in a command windows => close window
etc.
For when you have a window stuck under an appbar and can't get at that window's system menu to move it:
alt-spacebar -> M -> arrow keys -> return
On Windows Vista, if you bring up the Start menu and search for a program, pressing Ctrl+Shift+Enter will run the selected program as Administrator. So to open an Administrator command prompt:
Windows key, type "cmd", Ctrl+Shift+Enter
My personal favourite is WinKey, U, Enter - shuts Windows down! ;-)
win+M to minimise all. Useful for quick trips to the desktop.
+[type name of program] to launch a program in Vista
+E for explorer
+F for find
Alt+Tab to swap between programs
Ctrl+Tab to swawp between tabs
Not really a 'Windows' shortcut, but the Ctrl+Alt+numpad and Ctrl+Alt+[arrows] to move and resize windows and move them to another monitor using WinSplit Revolution are absolutely great. I would never use large or multiple monitors without them.
Ctrl + Shift + ESC : Run Task Manager
Ctrl/Shift + Insert : Copy/Paste
Shift + Delete : Cut (text)
Win + L : Lock System
Win + R : Run
Ctrl + Pause Break : Break Loop (Programming)
Ctrl + Tab : Tab Change
Win+Pause/Break for System Properties
Win+E: open windows explorer
Win+F: find
Win+R: run
Win+M: minimize all windows
Win+Shift+M: restore all windows
Alt+F4: close program
Alt+Tab: switch between tasks
Ctrl+Alt+Del: task manager
Repeat Ctrl + Alt + Del Twice!
Many say that Win-D minimises all applications. Not true. It simply shows the desktop. Use Win-M to minimise all open windows. Use Win-Shift-M to restore them to their previous state.
By the way, did you notice that the Sift key can be combined with most of the usual shortcuts? e.g. Alt+Tab : cycle through applications 1->2->3->4->...1 Add Shift to the shortcut and you will be cycling in the opposite direction 1<-2<-3<-4<- ...1
Control+Tab to switch between Tabs in most Windows applications (sadly not in Eclipse) - you can already guess what Ctr+Shift+Tab will do. Especially handy in Firefox, IE, etc... where you have more than one Tab open and try going to the previous one. Very handy.
And one more tip, this is soooo handy, I love it. Only found out about it a couple of weeks ago:
FireFox users: tired of rightclick->Open Link in New Tab?
Click a link with MIDDLE mouse button and it will open in a new tab (depends on your Tabs settings in Tools->Options but by default would work). The magical thing about this is that it works even for the browser's Back button! Also when you type a search term into the Google box (usually in top right corner) and middle-click the search button, the search results are opened in a new tab. Closing tabs is also much easier with the middle mouse button (of course you can do Ctrl+W but sometimes the mouse is simply in your hand). You don't have to click the tab's red button to close it. Simply middle-click anywhere on the tab and it will be closed.
EDIT
I just tried the middle button in IE 7 and seems to work just like it does in FF, except for the Back-button and Search widget.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc -> Open Task Manager
Ctrl + W -> closes windows in MDIs where Ctrl+F4 doesn't work
Those and the Win + Number is Vista are used constantly.
Also a nice trick is Win + Tab -> cycles through program groups on task bar in Windows Xp and Server 2003. (i.e. same as Vista without the previews).
It's not a keyboard shortcut, but my favourite trick is to bind the large thumb button on the rat to move window, the smaller thumb button to resize. That way, windows can be moved and resized very easily and naturally. You can probably to that in windows too.
As for keyboard tricks, I use right ctrl+keypad to pick (one of nine) virtual screens. Very quick and natural.
In any dialog with tabs, Ctrl-Page Up/Down to cycle between the tabs.
Not really an answer, but a hint for a good source to look from - if no one cited it above wikipedia has all ( for the most important OS's) - not the best
I don't have favorites among keyboard shortcuts -- they are all utility entities to me...
Except for +L, which means another coffee break!
Windows
Windows right click key, next to the right alt can be very useful.
For the noobs,
tab and shift-tab to cycle through inputs
alt-tab and alt-shift-tab to cycle through the windows
ctrl-tab and alt-shift-tab to cycle through the tabs
ctrl-printscreen to snapshot the entire screen
and alt-printscreen to snapshot the current window
for some dialog windows ctrl-c will copy the message
Console
alt-space then e,p to paste in windows console
alt-space then e,k to mark in console
tab and shifttab to cycle autocomplete in console
Visual Studio
ctrl-shift-f Search in files
ctrl-f Search page
F12 Goto definition of the current word
F2 Rename selected text
F4 Open properties tab for selected
Highlight section and tab or shifttab Indent a block of text
ctrl-k,d Format Document
ctrl-k,c Comment out highlighted text
ctrl-k,u,c Un-comment highlighted text
ctrl-m,o Collapse to definitions
ctrl-m,m Toggle open and close the current method/function
ctrl-alt,l Open solution pane
ctrl-alt,o Open output pane
and of course ctrl-space for intellisense
My favourites are the following (which I have not been able to spot in the responses above):
F12 Save as in Office applications
Ctrl + Home Scroll to the top of the page in most applications or go to cell A1 in Excel
Ctrl + Delete Go back to the cursor in a Word document or back to the active cell in Excel
Ctrl + Shift + End Select a whole table in Excel from its top-left corner. If the table starts at A1, use in conjunction with the above for super speedy one-handed table selecting
It's already been said, but I'm repeating F6 to go directly to the browser address bar because it rocks!