I'm new to makefile. I'm trying to perform some shell operation inside a makefile under a target. I made a new_target without modifying the working code. The code looks like this:
all: new_target existing_target
new_target:
TEST_FILES:=$(wildcard $(HOME)/Test/*.cpp)
for f in $(TEST_FILES); do \
$(shell ls) $$f; \
done
Error:
TEST_FILES:=/docker_home/myhome/Test/b.cpp /docker_home/myhome/Test/file.cpp /docker_home/myhome/Test/a.cpp
/bin/sh: 1: TEST_FILES:=/docker_home/myhome/Test/b.cpp: not found
Makefile:6: recipe for target 'new_target' failed
make: *** [new_target] Error 127
The idea is to perform a shell operation(similar to ls) on all the .cpp files in a particular directory
This ...
TEST_FILES:=$(wildcard $(HOME)/Test/*.cpp)
... is (GNU) make syntax that assigns a value to a make variable. Your recipe instructs the shell to execute it as if it were a shell command. Obviously, that doesn't work.
Additionally, $(shell ls) doesn't do what you intend. It will run the ls command without arguments in make's working directory, at the time the makefile is parsed, and insert the results into the command to be run. If you want to run a shell command in your recipe then just put the command in the recipe.
The easiest solution would probably be to move that line outside the recipe (and dedent it):
TEST_FILES:=$(wildcard $(HOME)/Test/*.cpp)
new_target:
for f in $(TEST_FILES); do \
ls $$f; \
done
Note that the $(wildcard) function will be evaluated and the results assigned to TEST_FILES at the time that the makefile is parsed, not when the new_target target is built, but that appears unlikely to be an issue in this case.
Of course, unless you need TEST_FILES for something else, too, a much cleaner way would be to merge it together and get rid of wildcard:
new_target:
for f in $(HOME)/Test/*.cpp; do \
ls $$f; \
done
Or, best of all for this particular case:
new_target:
ls $(HOME)/Test/*.cpp
You need to run it in below way as TEST_FILES is a make variable and you should not mix make and shell:
TEST_FILES:=$(wildcard $(HOME)/Test/*.cpp)
new_target:
for f in $(TEST_FILES); do \
ls $$f; \
done
Note :
When it is time to execute recipes to update a target by make , they are executed by invoking a new sub-shell for each line of the recipe, unless the .ONESHELL special target is in effect. So you dont require a $(shell) explicitly.
I'm preparing some latex files and decided to make some makefile to help me to compile and clean de latex files. So I created the following makefile
aula=listaProb
all: compile clean
compile:
pdflatex $(aula).tex
clean:
rm -rf !(makefile|$(aula).tex|$(aula).pdf) -v
But when I execute "make" I get the following mistake
rm -rf !(makefile|listaProb.tex|listaProb.pdf) -v
/bin/sh: 1: Syntax error: "(" unexpected
makefile:8: recipe for target 'clean' failed
make: *** [clean] Error 2
But the command
rm -rf !(makefile|listaProb.tex|listaProb.pdf) -v
works fine on the terminal.
What is wrong? I can't find any mistake :/..
Ps. I use this way to remove the files because I want to delete all but the specified files. It needs the command
shopt -s extglob
before use it. If anyone knows how to do it without use extglob, it would be nice.
Thanks
The problem is recipe commands are passed to /bin/sh which cannot process that syntax. You can change your Makefile to say:
clean:
bash -O extglob -c "rm -rf !(makefile|$(aula).tex|$(aula).pdf) -v"
To force this command to be run in bash with extglob on.
Or define SHELL variable for your make e.g. by running:
make SHELL="/bin/bash -O extglob" clean
Or adding:
SHELL := /bin/bash -O extglob
To your make file. The former option only affects shell invocation of that one command, the latter will apply to all your recipes (commands).
I have a makefile including the following lines:
buildrepo:
#$(call make-repo)
define make-repo
for dir in $(C_SRCS_DIR); \
do \
mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)/$$dir; \
done
endef
On the line with the commands for dir in $(C_SRCS_DIR); \ I get the following error message:
"dir not expected at this moment"
make: *** [buildrepo] Error 255
I am using GNU make.
Can anybody tell me what is going wrong?
Actually this for ... in ... ; do ... done statement is a Unix command not a GNU make command, therefore I guess you are using a Windows machine (or any other one). You have to find the equivalent for your system.
But GNU make has a foreach function which works like this :
$(foreach dir,$(C_SRCS_DIR),mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)/$(dir);)
Also note that in your very specific case (not related to GNU make but to Windows) you can create all the dirs without a for/foreach loop, just like this :
mkdir -p $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(C_SRCS_DIR))
I'm stuck trying to figure out how to run a program, on a set of files, using GNU Make:
I have a variable that loads some filenames alike this:
FILES=$(shell ls *.pdf)
Now I'm wanting to run a program 'p' on each of the files in 'FILES', however I can't seem to figure how to do exactly that.
An example of the 'FILES' variable would be:
"a.pdf k.pdf omg.pdf"
I've tried the $(foreach,,) without any luck, and #!bin/bash like loops seem to fail.
You can do a shell loop within the command:
all:
for x in $(FILES) ; do \
p $$x ; \
done
(Note that only the first line of the command must start with a tab, the others can have any old whitespace.)
Here's a more Make-style approach:
TARGETS = $(FILES:=_target)
all: $(TARGETS)
#echo done
.PHONY: $(TARGETS)
$(TARGETS): %_target : %
p $*
How to get the name of the makefile in the makefile?
Thanks.
Note:
I would need that because I would like my makefile to call itself, but the makefile is not called Makefile, so I'd like to write something like this:
target:
($MAKE) -f ($MAKEFILENAME) other_target
location = $(CURDIR)/$(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
WHERE_ART_THOU := $(location)
$(warning $(WHERE_ART_THOU))
I also believe this is GNU make-specific, but I'm not too sure.
(Should you have any questions, refer to amazingly written GNU make manual. But remember, that, just like Makefile, this manual should be read completely before putting the concepts into practice).
I couldn't figure out how it is done easily. As far as I understand, you'll have to do some manual job.
Later I will describe how it could be done and show scripts that introduce current_makefile variable. But I would like to stress an important concept at the first place.
You should understand that if we had some kind of variable current_makefile, that expands to the current makefile name, then it will have to change during the process of reading makefiles. That means that it should be used withinin "immediate" expansion context -- i.e. within commands that are executed during reading the makefile. Most commands, however, are executed after makefiles are read. Therefore, some commands will print the correct value smoothly, while in certain places, where "deferred" expansion is used, it will always expand to the root makefile name.
If you would want to use this variable within rule text, for example, you'll have to do tricks, because rule text always has deferred expansion. So, if your have the rule
rule:
echo In makefile $(current_makefile):
echo Making target $#
it will always print the name of the root makefile. Instead, to force immediate expansion, you will have to create another variable with makefile-specific name (i.e. names of such variables should be different in each makefile):
this_makefile_unique_name := $(current_makefile)
rule:
echo In makefile $(current_makefile):
echo Making target $#
or use eval:.
define make_rule
rule:
echo In makefile $(1):
echo Making target $$#
$(eval $(call make_rule,$(current_makefile)))
If you want to use the name of current makefile for debug purpose only, consider special debugging functions, like warning or info:.
$(warning We're in makefile $(current_makefile))
These functions use "immediate" expansion and will print the correct value.
How to define such a $(current_makefile)?
You have to manually maintain stack of makefile inclusions. When you include a makefile, its name is placed to the top of the stack; when you return from included makefile to the outer one, the topmost name is popped out of stack. This is achieved by inserting special calls to the beginning and the end of makefile:
# Beginning of makefile
$(eval $(makefile_names_push))
#... makefile text
$(warning $(current_makefile))
#...
$(eval $(makefile_names_pop))
#End of file
Now define the functions at the beginning of your root makefile.
lastword=$(word $(words $(1)),$(1))
define makefile_names_push
current_makefile := $$(CURDIR)/$$(call lastword,$$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
makefile_stack :=$$(makefile_stack) $$(current_makefile)
endef
define makefile_names_pop
makefile_stack := $$(filter-out $$(current_makefile),$$(makefile_stack))
current_makefile := $$(call lastword,$$(makefile_stack))
endef
If you're sure your make is new enough (version 3.81+), replace lastword call with builtin function:.
#inctead of $$(call lastword,$$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
$$(lastword $$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
Is it useful?
Totally useless. An only use that might be useful here is to make 100 makefiles that are symlinks to one makefile, the rules in these makefiles depending on their names. But it can be achieved within one makefile and foreach-eval technique described in the manual. So my post was a complete waste of time, though I had some fun :-)
This returns the name of the first Makefile called, i.e. the one at the bottom of the call stack:
MAKEFILE_JUSTNAME := $(firstword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
MAKEFILE_COMPLETE := $(CURDIR)/$(MAKEFILE_JUSTNAME)
When used in non-cross-recursive situations (e.g. for makedepend), it is just the name of the current makefile.
I wanted to do something similar (for echoing the contents of the Makefile) for when I use Make for managing simple repetitive tasks. I came across this page and found it was exactly what I was after and really useful for my limited understanding of make.
My result after reading this page:
# Makefile - 'make' and 'make help' now echo the makefile.
help:
cat $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
start:
sudo -u www /path/to/webapp/myhttpd restart
stop:
sudo kill `cat /path/to/webapp/data/httpd.pid`
A quick excursion to Google suggests this site has the answer.
G'day,
If you make a copy of your original makefile, say makefile_test, and then enter the command:
make -np -f makefile_test 2>&1 | tee output
That will evaluate the makefile and your make environment but not execute any of the commands. Looking through the output file for references to makefile_test will show you what is set in make's environment and where that value is being set.
N.B. This can generate a lot of info! And don't add the -d (debug) switch which will generate tons of additional output about make's decision process but minimal additional info about make's env.
HTH
The solutions here addresses 1) POSIX make with 2) Invoked, non included, makefile in 3) A Unix alike platform.
What the OP asked for:
target:
#pid=$$$$; \
while test `ps -ocomm= $$pid` != make; do \
pid=`ps -oppid= $$pid`; \
done; \
MAKEFILENAME=`ps -oargs= $$pid|sed 's/^.* -f *\([^ ]*\).*$$/\1/'`; \
test -z "$$MAKEFILENAME" -a -f Makefile && MAKEFILENAME=Makefile; \
test -z "$$MAKEFILENAME" -a -f makefile && MAKEFILENAME=makefile; \
export MAKEFILENAME; \
$(MAKE) -e -f $$MAKEFILENAME other_target
The targets depends on the makefile, kind of bloated:
TARGET1_MAKEFILENAME = target1_preamble
all: target1 target2...
target1: $(TARGET1_MAKEFILENAME) other_dependencies...
#test $(TARGET1_MAKEFILENAME) == target1_preamble && exit 0; \
built_instructions_for_target1;
target1_preamble:
#pid=$$$$; \
while test `ps -ocomm= $$pid` != make; do \
pid=`ps -oppid= $$pid`; \
done; \
MAKEFILENAME=`ps -oargs= $$pid|sed 's/^.* -f *\([^ ]*\).*$$/\1/'`; \
test -z "$$MAKEFILENAME" -a -f Makefile && MAKEFILENAME=Makefile; \
test -z "$$MAKEFILENAME" -a -f makefile && MAKEFILENAME=makefile; \
export MAKEFILENAME; \
$(MAKE) -e -f $$MAKEFILENAME target1;
Can be a bit simplified if make is invoked only for all targets.
MAKEFILENAME = invoked_makefile_placeholder
all: target1 target2...
target1: $(MAKEFILENAME) other_dependencies...
#test $(MAKEFILENAME) == invoked_makefile_placeholder && exit 0; \
built_instructions_for_target1;
invoked_makefile_placeholder:
#pid=$$$$; \
while test `ps -ocomm= $$pid` != make; do \
pid=`ps -oppid= $$pid`; \
done; \
MAKEFILENAME=`ps -oargs= $$pid|sed 's/^.* -f *\([^ ]*\).*$$/\1/'`; \
test -z "$$MAKEFILENAME" -a -f Makefile && MAKEFILENAME=Makefile; \
test -z "$$MAKEFILENAME" -a -f makefile && MAKEFILENAME=makefile; \
export MAKEFILENAME; \
$(MAKE) -e -f $$MAKEFILENAME
With the previous approach is trivial to implement a solution for included makefiles based in grep and a unique pattern contained in the makefile.
I never answer when I feel the question got a proper solution.