I am creating a simple script that converts a custom markup to TeX macros:
? What are four kinds of animals?
- elephants
- tigers
- bears
- fish
e
This becomes:
\QUESTION{What are four kinds of animals?}{
\ANSWER{elephants}
\ANSWER{tigers}
\ANSWER{bears}
\ANSWER{fish}
}
I have used a simple syntax to replace the items at the front:
sed 's#^? #\\QUESTION{#' file > temp1
sed 's#^\- #\\ANSWER{#' temp1 > temp2
sed 's#^e #\}{#' temp2 > temp3
How do I get it to also add the }{ to the end when "?" is found at the beginning, and add } to the end when "-" is found at the beginning of the line?
Match the whole line instead of its beginning, and use a replacement pattern referencing the content of the line :
sed -e 's#^? \(.*\)#\\QUESTION{\1}{' -e 's#^- \(.*\)#\\ANSWER{\1}#' -e 's#^e#}#'
In this command \(...\) are capturing groups and \1 refers to their content.
I also took the liberty of regrouping your multiple substitutions in a single sed command.
Like this:
sed -E 's/^(\? )(.*)/\\QUESTION{\2}{/;t;s/- (.*)/\ANSWER{\1}/;t;s/e/}/' file
Explanation:
s/^(\? )(.*)/\\QUESTION{\2}{/ Handle lines starting with ?
t means not further actions if the above s command replaced something
s/- (.*)/\ANSWER{\1}/ Handle lines starting with -
t means not further actions if the above s command replaced something
s/^e/}/ Handle lines starting with e.
You can "speed it up" a bit by reordering the commands by the complexity of the search pattern, like this:
sed -E 's/e/}/;t;s/- (.*)/\ANSWER{\1}/;t;s/^(\? )(.*)/\\QUESTION{\2}{/;' file
But yeah, probably micro-optimization.
You can try this sed too :
sed '/^- /s//\\ANSWER{/;/^e/s///;s/$/}/;/^? /{s//\\QUESTION{/;s/$/{/}' infile
sed '
/^- /s//\\ANSWER{/ # line with -
/^e/s/// # line with e
s/$/}/ # add } at the end of each line
/^? / { # line with ?
s//\\QUESTION{/
s/$/{/
}
' infile
Related
Suppose I have text as:
This is a sample text.
I have 2 sentences.
text is present there.
I need to replace whole text between two 'text' words. The required solution should be
This is a sample text.
I have new sentences.
text is present there.
I tried using the below command but its not working:
sed -i 's/text.*?text/text\
\nI have new sentence/g' file.txt
With your shown samples please try following. sed doesn't support lazy matching in regex. With awk's RS you could do the substitution with your shown samples only. You need to create variable val which has new value in it. Then in awk performing simple substitution operation will so the rest to get your expected output.
awk -v val="your_new_line_Value" -v RS="" '
{
sub(/text\.\n*[^\n]*\n*text/,"text.\n"val"\ntext")
}
1
' Input_file
Above code will print output on terminal, once you are Happy with results of above and want to save output into Input_file itself then try following code.
awk -v val="your_new_line_Value" -v RS="" '
{
sub(/text\.\n*[^\n]*\n*text/,"text.\n"val"\ntext")
}
1
' Input_file > temp && mv temp Input_file
You have already solved your problem using awk, but in case anyone else will be looking for a sed solution in the future, here's a sed script that does what you needed. Granted, the script is using some advanced sed features, but that's the fun part of it :)
replace.sed
#!/usr/bin/env sed -nEf
# This pattern determines the start marker for the range of lines where we
# want to perform the substitution. In our case the pattern is any line that
# ends with "text." — the `$` symbol meaning end-of-line.
/text\.$/ {
# [p]rint the start-marker line.
p
# Next, we'll read lines (using `n`) in a loop, so mark this point in
# the script as the beginning of the loop using a label called `loop`.
:loop
# Read the next line.
n
# If the last read line doesn't match the pattern for the end marker,
# just continue looping by [b]ranching to the `:loop` label.
/^text/! {
b loop
}
# If the last read line matches the end marker pattern, then just insert
# the text we want and print the last read line. The net effect is that
# all the previous read lines will be replaced by the inserted text.
/^text/ {
# Insert the replacement text
i\
I have a new sentence.
# [print] the end-marker line
p
}
# Exit the script, so that we don't hit the [p]rint command below.
b
}
# Print all other lines.
p
Usage
$ cat lines.txt
foo
This is a sample text.
I have many sentences.
I have many sentences.
I have many sentences.
I have many sentences.
text is present there.
bar
$
$ ./replace.sed lines.txt
foo
This is a sample text.
I have a new sentence.
text is present there.
bar
Substitue
sed -i 's/I have 2 sentences./I have new sentences./g'
sed -i 's/[A-Z]\s[a-z].*/I have new sentences./g'
Insert
sed -i -e '2iI have new sentences.' -e '2d'
I need to replace whole text between two 'text' words.
If I understand, first text. (with a dot) is at the end of first line and second text at the beginning of third line. With awk you can get the required solution adding values to var s:
awk -v s='\nI have new sentences.\n' '/text.?$/ {s=$0 s;next} /^text/ {s=s $0;print s;s=""}' file
This is a sample text.
I have new sentences.
text is present there.
I have the following string:
|**barak**.version|2001.0132012031539|
in file text.txt.
I would like to replace it with the following:
|**barak**.version|2001.01.2012031541|
So I run:
sed -i "s/\|\*\*$module\*\*.version\|2001.0132012031539/|**$module**.version|$version/" text.txt
but the result is a duplicate instead of replacing:
|**barak**.version|2001.01.2012031541|**barak**.version|2001.0132012031539|
What am I doing wrong?
Here is the value for module and version:
$ echo $module
barak
$ echo $version
2001.01.2012031541
Assumptions:
lines of interest start and end with a pipe (|) and have one more pipe somewhere in the middle of the data
search is based solely on the value of ${module} existing between the 1st/2nd pipes in the data
we don't know what else may be between the 1st/2nd pipes
the version number is the only thing between the 2nd/3rd pipes
we don't know the version number that we'll be replacing
Sample data:
$ module='barak'
$ version='2001.01.2012031541'
$ cat text.txt
**barak**.version|2001.0132012031539| <<<=== leave this one alone
|**apple**.version|2001.0132012031539|
|**barak**.version|2001.0132012031539| <<<=== replace this one
|**chuck**.version|2001.0132012031539|
|**barak**.peanuts|2001.0132012031539| <<<=== replace this one
One sed solution with -Extended regex support enabled and making use of a capture group:
$ sed -E "s/^(\|[^|]*${module}[^|]*).*/\1|${version}|/" text.txt
Where:
\| - first occurrence (escaped pipe) tells sed we're dealing with a literal pipe; follow-on pipes will be treated as literal strings
^(\|[^|]*${module}[^|]*) - first capture group that starts at the beginning of the line, starts with a pipe, then some number of non-pipe characters, then the search pattern (${module}), then more non-pipe characters (continues up to next pipe character)
.* - matches rest of the line (which we're going to discard)
\1|${version}| - replace line with our first capture group, then a pipe, then the new replacement value (${version}), then the final pipe
The above generates:
**barak**.version|2001.0132012031539|
|**apple**.version|2001.0132012031539|
|**barak**.version|2001.01.2012031541| <<<=== replaced
|**chuck**.version|2001.0132012031539|
|**barak**.peanuts|2001.01.2012031541| <<<=== replaced
An awk alternative using GNU awk:
awk -v mod="$module" -v vers="$version" -F \| '{ OFS=FS;split($2,map,".");inmod=substr(map[1],3,length(map[1])-4);if (inmod==mod) { $3=vers } }1' file
Pass two variables mod and vers to awk using $module and $version. Set the field delimiter to |. Split the second field into array map using the split function and using . as the delimiter. Then strip the leading and ending "**" from the first index of the array to expose the module name as inmod using the substr function. Compare this to the mod variable and if there is a match, change the 3rd delimited field to the variable vers. Print the lines with short hand 1
Pipe is only special when you're using extended regular expressions: sed -E
There's no reason why you need extended here, stick with basic regex:
sed "
# for lines matching module.version
/|\*\*$module\*\*.version|/ {
# replace the version
s/|2001.0132012031539|/|$version|/
}
" text.txt
or as an unreadable one-liner
sed "/|\*\*$module\*\*.version|/ s/|2001.0132012031539|/|$version|/" text.txt
I have files that need to be removed from comments and white space until keyword . Line number varies . Is it possible to limit multiple continued sed substitutions based on Keyword ?
This removes all comments and white spaces from file :
sed -i -e 's/#.*$//' -e 's/;.*$//' -e '/^$/d' file
For example something like this :
# string1
# string2
some string
; string3
; string4
####
<Keyword_Keep_this_line_and_comments_white_space_after_this>
# More comments that need to be here
; etc.
sed -i '1,/keyword/{/^[#;]/d;/^$/d;}' file
I would suggest using awk and setting a flag when you reach your keyword:
awk '/Keyword/ { stop = 1 } stop || !/^[[:blank:]]*([;#]|$)/' file
Set stop to true when the line contains Keyword. Do the default action (print the line) when stop is true or when the line doesn't match the regex. The regex matches lines whose first non-blank character is a semicolon or hash, or blank lines. It's slightly different to your condition but I think it does what you want.
The command prints to standard output so you should redirect to a new file and then overwrite the original to achieve an "in-place edit":
awk '...' input > tmp && mv tmp input
Use grep -n keyword to get the line number that contains the keyword.
Use sed -i -e '1,N s/#..., when N is the line number that contains the keyword, to only remove comments on the lines 1 to N.
I need help in processing data from STDIN (data is taken from another file with 'tail -f' plus grepped to filter out garbage). There are several lines between patterns:
<DN> 589</DN>
<DD>03.12.2014</DD>
<ST> </ST>
<STC>0</STC>
<STT>0</STT>
<PU>5</PU>
<OT>01</OT>
<DSN></DSN>
<NRA>40807,40820,426,30231,40818,30230</NRA>
<GR>300 000-00

</GR>
then next block with DN/GR starts
I need to convert lines between and to a single line, comma-separated:
<DN> 589</DN>,<DD>03.12.2014</DD>,<ST> </ST>,<STC>0</STC>,<STT>0</STT>,<PU>5</PU>,<OT>01</OT>,<DSN></DSN>,<NRA>40807,40820,426,30231,40818,30230</NRA>,<GR>300 000-00

</GR>
I need a one-liner with awk or sed or perl to do it and put result to STDOUT.
I've tried to do it, but failed due to lack of experience. Also tried to google and didn't find a working solution.
whatever..| awk '{sub(/^\s*/,"");printf "%s%s",$0,(/\/GR>\s*$/?"\n":",")}'
this line does:
remove the leading spaces from each line
join all line with sep , till the block end /GR>
if you have x data blocks, it gives you x long lines.
sed -nr '/<DN>/,/<GR>/{ H; /<GR>/{ g; s%\n%,%g; s%^,%%; p; s%.*%%; h }; }' <<'EOSEQ'
<DN> 589</DN>
<DD>03.12.2014</DD>
<STC>0</STC>
<GR>300 000-00

</GR>
<DN>900</DN>
<DD>20.11.2014</DD>
<OT>01</OT>
<NRA>40807,40820,426,30231,40818,30230</NRA>
<GR>300 000-00

</GR>
EOSEQ
SED one-liner, as you wish :)
Using awk you could do the following:
awk '{printf ("%s,", $NF)}' test.txt ##Will have comma at the end which may/may not be ok for you.
You can use the following one in sed.
sed -r ':loop ;N;s/(.*)\n(.*)/\1,\2/ ; t loop ' file name.
I'm trying to delete two lines either side of a pattern match from a file full of transactions. Ie. find the match then delete two lines before it, then delete two lines after it and then delete the match. The write this back to the original file.
So the input data is
D28/10/2011
T-3.48
PINITIAL BALANCE
M
^
and my pattern is
sed -i '/PINITIAL BALANCE/,+2d' test.txt
However this is only deleting two lines after the pattern match and then deleting the pattern match. I can't work out any logical way to delete all 5 lines of data from the original file using sed.
an awk one-liner may do the job:
awk '/PINITIAL BALANCE/{for(x=NR-2;x<=NR+2;x++)d[x];}{a[NR]=$0}END{for(i=1;i<=NR;i++)if(!(i in d))print a[i]}' file
test:
kent$ cat file
######
foo
D28/10/2011
T-3.48
PINITIAL BALANCE
M
x
bar
######
this line will be kept
here
comes
PINITIAL BALANCE
again
blah
this line will be kept too
########
kent$ awk '/PINITIAL BALANCE/{for(x=NR-2;x<=NR+2;x++)d[x];}{a[NR]=$0}END{for(i=1;i<=NR;i++)if(!(i in d))print a[i]}' file
######
foo
bar
######
this line will be kept
this line will be kept too
########
add some explanation
awk '/PINITIAL BALANCE/{for(x=NR-2;x<=NR+2;x++)d[x];} #if match found, add the line and +- 2 lines' line number in an array "d"
{a[NR]=$0} # save all lines in an array with line number as index
END{for(i=1;i<=NR;i++)if(!(i in d))print a[i]}' #finally print only those index not in array "d"
file # your input file
sed will do it:
sed '/\n/!N;/\n.*\n/!N;/\n.*\n.*PINITIAL BALANCE/{$d;N;N;d};P;D'
It works this way:
if sed has only one string in pattern space it joins another one
if there are only two it joins the third one
if it does natch to pattern LINE + LINE + LINE with BALANCE it joins two following strings, deletes them and goes at the beginning
if not, it prints the first string from pattern and deletes it and goes at the beginning without swiping the pattern space
To prevent the appearance of pattern on the first string you should modify the script:
sed '1{/PINITIAL BALANCE/{N;N;d}};/\n/!N;/\n.*\n/!N;/\n.*\n.*PINITIAL BALANCE/{$d;N;N;d};P;D'
However, it fails in case you have another PINITIAL BALANCE in string which are going to be deleted. However, other solutions fails too =)
For such a task, I would probably reach for a more advanced tool like Perl:
perl -ne 'push #x, $_;
if (#x > 4) {
if ($x[2] =~ /PINITIAL BALANCE/) { undef #x }
else { print shift #x }
}
END { print #x }' input-file > output-file
This will remove 5 lines from the input file. These lines will be the 2 lines before the match, the matched line, and the two lines afterwards. You can change the total number of lines being removed modifying #x > 4 (this removes 5 lines) and the line being matched modifying $x[2] (this makes the match on the third line to be removed and so removes the two lines before the match).
A more simple and easy to understand solution might be:
awk '/PINITIAL BALANCE/ {print NR-2 "," NR+2 "d"}' input_filename \
| sed -f - input_filename > output_filename
awk is used to make a sed-script that deletes the lines in question and the result is written on the output_filename.
This uses two processes which might be less efficient than the other answers.
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed ':a;$q;N;s/\n/&/2;Ta;/\nPINITIAL BALANCE$/!{P;D};$q;N;$q;N;d' file
save this code into a file grep.sed
H
s:.*::
x
s:^\n::
:r
/PINITIAL BALANCE/ {
N
N
d
}
/.*\n.*\n/ {
P
D
}
x
d
and run a command like this:
`sed -i -f grep.sed FILE`
You can use it so either:
sed -i 'H;s:.*::;x;s:^\n::;:r;/PINITIAL BALANCE/{N;N;d;};/.*\n.*\n/{P;D;};x;d' FILE