What's the easiest/quickest way to interleave the lines of two (or more) text files? Example:
File 1:
line1.1
line1.2
line1.3
File 2:
line2.1
line2.2
line2.3
Interleaved:
line1.1
line2.1
line1.2
line2.2
line1.3
line2.3
Sure it's easy to write a little Perl script that opens them both and does the task. But I was wondering if it's possible to get away with fewer code, maybe a one-liner using Unix tools?
paste -d '\n' file1 file2
Here's a solution using awk:
awk '{print; if(getline < "file2") print}' file1
produces this output:
line 1 from file1
line 1 from file2
line 2 from file1
line 2 from file2
...etc
Using awk can be useful if you want to add some extra formatting to the output, for example if you want to label each line based on which file it comes from:
awk '{print "1: "$0; if(getline < "file2") print "2: "$0}' file1
produces this output:
1: line 1 from file1
2: line 1 from file2
1: line 2 from file1
2: line 2 from file2
...etc
Note: this code assumes that file1 is of greater than or equal length to file2.
If file1 contains more lines than file2 and you want to output blank lines for file2 after it finishes, add an else clause to the getline test:
awk '{print; if(getline < "file2") print; else print ""}' file1
or
awk '{print "1: "$0; if(getline < "file2") print "2: "$0; else print"2: "}' file1
#Sujoy's answer points in a useful direction. You can add line numbers, sort, and strip the line numbers:
(cat -n file1 ; cat -n file2 ) | sort -n | cut -f2-
Note (of interest to me) this needs a little more work to get the ordering right if instead of static files you use the output of commands that may run slower or faster than one another. In that case you need to add/sort/remove another tag in addition to the line numbers:
(cat -n <(command1...) | sed 's/^/1\t/' ; cat -n <(command2...) | sed 's/^/2\t/' ; cat -n <(command3) | sed 's/^/3\t/' ) \
| sort -n | cut -f2- | sort -n | cut -f2-
With GNU sed:
sed 'R file2' file1
Output:
line1.1
line2.1
line1.2
line2.2
line1.3
line2.3
Here's a GUI way to do it: Paste them into two columns in a spreadsheet, copy all cells out, then use regular expressions to replace tabs with newlines.
cat file1 file2 |sort -t. -k 2.1
Here its specified that the separater is "." and that we are sorting on the first character of the second field.
Related
I need to get uniq lines when comparing 2 files. These files containing field separator ":" which should be treated as the end of line while comparing strings.
The file1 contains these lines
apple:tasty
apple:red
orange:nice
kiwi:awesome
kiwi:expensive
banana:big
grape:green
orange:oval
banana:long
The file2 contains these lines
orange:nice
banana:long
The output file should be (2 occurrences of orange and 2 occurrences of banana deleted)
apple:tasty
apple:red
kiwi:awesome
kiwi:expensive
grape:green
So the only strings before : should be compared
Is it possible to complete this task in 1 command ?
I tried to complete the task in such way but field separator does not work in that situation.
awk -F: 'FNR==NR {a[$0]++; next} !a[$0]' file1 file2 > outputfile
You basically had it, but $0 refers to the whole line when you want to deal with only the first field, which is $1.
Also you need to take care with the order of the input files. To use the values from file2 for deciding which lines to include from file1, process file2 first:
$ awk -F: 'FNR==NR {a[$1]++; next} !a[$1]' file2 file1
apple:tasty
apple:red
kiwi:awesome
kiwi:expensive
grape:green
One comment: awk is very ineffective with arrays. In real life with big files, better use something like:
comm -3 <(cut -d : -f 1 f1 | sort -u) <(cut -d : -f 1 f2 | sort -u) | grep -h -f /dev/stdin f1 f2
I have a huge file1, which has values as follows:
a 1
b 2
c 3
d 4
e 5
I have another huge file2, which is colon delimited with seven fields as follows:
a:2543:2524:2542:252:536365:54654
c:5454:5454:654:54:87:54
d:87:65:1:98:32:87
I want to search the lines for the variables of file1 and replace its value in the 7th column in file2 so the output should be as follows:
a:2543:2524:2542:252:536365:1
c:5454:5454:654:54:87:3
d:87:65:1:98:32:4
Maybe this awk will work, assuming the files are as posted
awk -F: 'NR==FNR{a[$1]=$0;next;}a[$1]{$0=a[$1]}1' file1 file2
a:2543:2524:2542:252:536365:1
c:5454:5454:654:54:87:3
d:87:65:1:98:32:4
So I came up with a solution; ended up with a couple of lines of code. Maybe there is a better way to do it.But this works !
while read line ; do
var1=`echo $line| awk '{print $1}'`
var2=`echo $line| awk '{print $2}'`
awk -v var1="$var1" -v var2="$var2" -F ':' 'BEGIN { OFS = ":"} $1==var1 {sub(".*",var2,$7)}{print}' file2 > file2.tmp
mv file2.tmp file2
done < file1
cat file2
This should work - it assumes both files are sorted on the first column - I'd be very interested in any performance comparisons with your solution for very large files - both speed and memory - --complement is linux-specific but easily replaced if not available
file0=$1 #file with single value
file1=$2 #file with 6th value to be replaced
# normalize on colon delimiter
tr ' ' : <$file0|
# join on first field
join -t: $file1 -|
# delete column 7
cut --complement -d: -f7
Here is what I am trying to do.
File1:
abc
bcd
cde
def
efg
fgh
ghi
File2:
ip:/vol0/scratch/&
ip:/vol0/sysbuild/
ip:/vol0/cde
ip:/vol0/mnt/cm/&
ip:/vol0/&
ip:/vol0/mnt/fgh
ip:/vol0/mnt/&
As you can see File2 has & at the end of some lines, I need to replace the & with corresponding line in File1 and ignore the lines without the & For example, if line 2 and line 3 doesn't have & the script would skip line 2 and 3 in both files and go to line 4 to replace the &
How would I achieve this with shell script.
Using paste and awk:
$ paste file2 file1 | awk 'sub(/&\s+/,"")'
ip:/vol0/scratch/abc
ip:/vol0/mnt/cm/def
ip:/vol0/efg
ip:/vol0/mnt/ghi
Wasn't 100% clear if you wanted the lines not ending in & in the output:
$ paste file2 file1 | awk '{sub(/&\s+/,"");print $1}'
ip:/vol0/scratch/abc
ip:/vol0/sysbuild/
ip:/vol0/cde
ip:/vol0/mnt/cm/def
ip:/vol0/efg
ip:/vol0/mnt/fgh
ip:/vol0/mnt/ghi
With sed:
$ paste file2 file1 | sed -rn '/&/s/&\s+//p'
ip:/vol0/scratch/abc
ip:/vol0/mnt/cm/def
ip:/vol0/efg
ip:/vol0/mnt/ghi
awk 'NR==FNR{a[NR]=$0;next} sub(/&/,a[FNR])' file1 file2
paste file1 file2 | awk 'gsub( /&/, $1 )' | cut -f2-
try this
awk '{if (NR == FNR){f[NR]= $0;}else {gsub("&",f[FNR],$0); print $0}}' file1.txt file2.txt
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed = file1 | sed -r 'N;s/(.*)\n(.*)/\1s|\&$|\2|/' | sed -f - file2
sed = file1 generate line numbers
sed -r 'N;s/(.*)\n(.*)/\1s|\&$|\2|/' combine line number with data line and produce a sed substitution command using the line number as an address.
sed -f - file2 feed the above commands into a sed invocation using the -f switch and the standard input -
This question already has answers here:
How to remove the lines which appear on file B from another file A?
(12 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
I have two files:
file 1
dsf
sdfsd
dsfsdf
file 2
ljljlj
lkklk
dsf
sdfsd
dsfsdf
I want to display what is in file 2 but not in file 1, so file 3 should look like
ljljlj
lkklk
grep -Fxvf file1 file2
What the flags mean:
-F, --fixed-strings
Interpret PATTERN as a list of fixed strings, separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.
-x, --line-regexp
Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.
-v, --invert-match
Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.
-f FILE, --file=FILE
Obtain patterns from FILE, one per line. The empty file contains zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.
You can try
grep -f file1 file2
or
grep -v -F -x -f file1 file2
You can use the comm command to compare two sorted files
comm -13 <(sort file1) <(sort file2)
I successfully used
diff "${file1}" "${file2}" | grep "<" | sed 's/^<//g' > "${diff_file}"
Outputting the difference to a file.
if you are expecting them in a certain order, you can just use diff
diff file1 file2 | grep ">"
join -v 2 <(sort file1) <(sort file2)
A tried a slight variation on Luca's answer and it worked for me.
diff file1 file2 | grep ">" | sed 's/^> //g' > diff_file
Note that the searched pattern in sed is a > followed by a space.
file1
m1
m2
m3
file2
m2
m4
m5
>awk 'NR == FNR {file1[$0]++; next} !($0 in file1)' file1 file2
m4
m5
>awk 'NR == FNR {file1[$0]++; next} ($0 in file1)' file1 file2
m2
> What's awk command to get 'm1 and m3' ?? as in file1 and not in file2?
m1
m3
If you want to use loops You can try like this: (diff and cmp are much more efficient. )
while read line
do
flag = 0
while read line2
do
if ( "$line" = "$line2" )
then
flag = 1
fi
done < file1
if ( flag -eq 0 )
then
echo $line > file3
fi
done < file2
Note: The program is only to provide a basic insight into what can be done if u dont want to use system calls such as diff n comm..
an awk answer:
awk 'NR == FNR {file1[$0]++; next} !($0 in file1)' file1 file2
With GNU sed:
sed 's#[^^]#[&]#g;s#\^#\\^#g;s#^#/^#;s#$#$/d#' file1 | sed -f- file2
How it works:
The first sed produces an output like this:
/^[d][s][f]$/d
/^[s][d][f][s][d]$/d
/^[d][s][f][s][d][f]$/d
Then it is used as a sed script by the second sed.
I'm sure I once found a shell command which could print the common lines from two or more files. What is its name?
It was much simpler than diff.
The command you are seeking is comm. eg:-
comm -12 1.sorted.txt 2.sorted.txt
Here:
-1 : suppress column 1 (lines unique to 1.sorted.txt)
-2 : suppress column 2 (lines unique to 2.sorted.txt)
To easily apply the comm command to unsorted files, use Bash's process substitution:
$ bash --version
GNU bash, version 3.2.51(1)-release
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
$ cat > abc
123
567
132
$ cat > def
132
777
321
So the files abc and def have one line in common, the one with "132".
Using comm on unsorted files:
$ comm abc def
123
132
567
132
777
321
$ comm -12 abc def # No output! The common line is not found
$
The last line produced no output, the common line was not discovered.
Now use comm on sorted files, sorting the files with process substitution:
$ comm <( sort abc ) <( sort def )
123
132
321
567
777
$ comm -12 <( sort abc ) <( sort def )
132
Now we got the 132 line!
To complement the Perl one-liner, here's its awk equivalent:
awk 'NR==FNR{arr[$0];next} $0 in arr' file1 file2
This will read all lines from file1 into the array arr[], and then check for each line in file2 if it already exists within the array (i.e. file1). The lines that are found will be printed in the order in which they appear in file2.
Note that the comparison in arr uses the entire line from file2 as index to the array, so it will only report exact matches on entire lines.
Maybe you mean comm ?
Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one
contains lines unique to FILE1, column
two contains lines unique to
FILE2, and column three contains lines common to both files.
The secret in finding these information are the info pages. For GNU programs, they are much more detailed than their man-pages. Try info coreutils and it will list you all the small useful utils.
While
fgrep -v -f 1.txt 2.txt > 3.txt
gives you the differences of two files (what is in 2.txt and not in 1.txt), you could easily do a
fgrep -f 1.txt 2.txt > 3.txt
to collect all common lines, which should provide an easy solution to your problem. If you have sorted files, you should take comm nonetheless. Regards!
Note: You can use grep -F instead of fgrep.
If the two files are not sorted yet, you can use:
comm -12 <(sort a.txt) <(sort b.txt)
and it will work, avoiding the error message comm: file 2 is not in sorted order
when doing comm -12 a.txt b.txt.
perl -ne 'print if ($seen{$_} .= #ARGV) =~ /10$/' file1 file2
awk 'NR==FNR{a[$1]++;next} a[$1] ' file1 file2
On limited version of Linux (like a QNAP (NAS) I was working on):
comm did not exist
grep -f file1 file2 can cause some problems as said by #ChristopherSchultz and using grep -F -f file1 file2 was really slow (more than 5 minutes - not finished it - over 2-3 seconds with the method below on files over 20 MB)
So here is what I did:
sort file1 > file1.sorted
sort file2 > file2.sorted
diff file1.sorted file2.sorted | grep "<" | sed 's/^< *//' > files.diff
diff file1.sorted files.diff | grep "<" | sed 's/^< *//' > files.same.sorted
If files.same.sorted shall be in the same order as the original ones, then add this line for same order than file1:
awk 'FNR==NR {a[$0]=$0; next}; $0 in a {print a[$0]}' files.same.sorted file1 > files.same
Or, for the same order than file2:
awk 'FNR==NR {a[$0]=$0; next}; $0 in a {print a[$0]}' files.same.sorted file2 > files.same
For how to do this for multiple files, see the linked answer to Finding matching lines across many files.
Combining these two answers (answer 1 and answer 2), I think you can get the result you are needing without sorting the files:
#!/bin/bash
ans="matching_lines"
for file1 in *
do
for file2 in *
do
if [ "$file1" != "$ans" ] && [ "$file2" != "$ans" ] && [ "$file1" != "$file2" ] ; then
echo "Comparing: $file1 $file2 ..." >> $ans
perl -ne 'print if ($seen{$_} .= #ARGV) =~ /10$/' $file1 $file2 >> $ans
fi
done
done
Simply save it, give it execution rights (chmod +x compareFiles.sh) and run it. It will take all the files present in the current working directory and will make an all-vs-all comparison leaving in the "matching_lines" file the result.
Things to be improved:
Skip directories
Avoid comparing all the files two times (file1 vs file2 and file2 vs file1).
Maybe add the line number next to the matching string
Not exactly what you were asking, but something I think still may be useful to cover a slightly different scenario
If you just want to quickly have certainty of whether there is any repeated line between a bunch of files, you can use this quick solution:
cat a_bunch_of_files* | sort | uniq | wc
If the number of lines you get is less than the one you get from
cat a_bunch_of_files* | wc
then there is some repeated line.
rm file3.txt
cat file1.out | while read line1
do
cat file2.out | while read line2
do
if [[ $line1 == $line2 ]]; then
echo $line1 >>file3.out
fi
done
done
This should do it.