I have a byte array and I need to print the elements in a single line.
I tried using 'snprintf()' but it won't take a byte array as its input parameter.
I tried copying the byte array into an integer array and then used the snprintf(), but instead of printing the HEX values, corresponding ASCII values are printed.
You can try this code :
variables
{
int ar[100];
}
on diagResponse TCCM.*
{
char tmp[8]; // Temporary buffer containing single HEX value
char out[301]; // Bigger output string and "local" to function
// Better to place them there (i and response) if they are not global
int i;
byte response[100];
out[0] = 0; // Clear output string
s1 = DiagGetPrimitiveData(this, response, elcount(response));
for (i = 0; i < s1; i++)
{
ar[i] = response[i];
snprintf(tmp, elcount(tmp), "%.2X ", response[i]); // byte to HEX convert
strncat(out, tmp, elcount(out)); // Concatenate HEX value to output string
}
write("HEX Response : %s", out);
}
Olivier
Related
I have a string = "abc";
And also I have a point ".".
How I can move this point "." in that string("abc").
Example :
Input date = "abc".
Output date = "abc", "a.bc", "ab.c", "a.b.c".
Thanks'.
public class MovePoint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "abcd";
String str1 = ".";
String[] ara = new String[str.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
ara[i] = str.substring(i, 1) + str1 + str.substring(1, 2);
System.out.print(Arrays.toString(ara));
}
}
}
Here is one way to do it. This uses StringBuilder as well as a plain char array to avoid having another loop over the array to build the last String, but it therefore consumes more memory.
First I print the first desired output, which is just the unmodified input String. Then I create a StringBuilder which can hold all chars from the input + one more for the chosen separator to avoid unnecessary array resizing. Then I initialize the StringBuilder so that it is in the form of the second desired ouput [char, sep, char, ...]. I am using StringBuilder here because it is just more convenient as it has the append() function that I need here.
Last but not least I also initialize a char array which will hold the values for the last String to avoid having to iterate over the array twice to generate that.
Now I loop over over the StringBuilder starting from one (as its already initialize to the first result with separator) to the last character. In this loop I do three things.
Print out the current value of StringBuilder
Swap the separator with the next character in the StringBuilder
Put the character and separator to the correct position in the char array as required for the last string
After the loop the last desired output is computed and I just have to print it to the console.
Runtime for this in BigO-notation would be O(n).
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "abcd";
char sep = '.';
movePoint(str, sep);
}
public static void movePoint(String str, char sep){
// print first desired output
System.out.println(str);
// String builder that can hold str.length + 1 characters, so no unnecessary resizing happens
var sb = new StringBuilder(str.length() + 1);
// fill with first char
sb.append(str.charAt(0));
// add separator
sb.append(sep);
// add rest of the string
sb.append(str.substring(1));
// Array that holds the last string
var lastStr = new char[str.length() + str.length() - 1];
for (int i = 1; i < sb.capacity() - 1; i++) {
System.out.println(sb);
// build current string
// swap separator with next character
var temp = sb.charAt(i);
sb.setCharAt(i, sb.charAt(i+1));
sb.setCharAt(i+1, temp);
// manipulate char array so last string is built correctly
int doubled = i << 1;
// set character at correct position
lastStr[doubled - 2] = sb.charAt(i-1);
// set separator at correct position
lastStr[doubled - 1] = sep;
}
// add last character of string to this char array
lastStr[lastStr.length - 1] = sb.charAt(sb.length() - 2);
// print last desired output
System.out.println(lastStr);
}
Expected output:
abcd
a.bcd
ab.cd
abc.d
a.b.c.d
I am trying to read data from a binary file. One block of data is 76 bytes long (this varies with the number of the 2-byte "main data items" in the middle of the block). The first datum is 4 bytes, second is 4 bytes, and then there are a bunch of 2 byte main data items, and at the end are 2 more 2-byte pieces of data.
Based on this Delphi sample I've learned how to read the file with the code below:
short AShortInt; // 16 bits
int AInteger; // 32 bits
try
{
infile=new TFileStream(myfile,fmOpenRead); // myfile is binary
BR = new TBinaryReader(infile, TEncoding::Unicode, false);
for (int rows = 0; rows < 5; rows++) { // just read the first 5 blocks of data for testing
AInteger = BR->ReadInt32(); // read first two 4 byte integers for this block
AInteger = BR->ReadInt32();
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) { // now read the 32 2-byte integers from this block
AShortInt = BR->ReadInt16();
}
AShortInt = BR->ReadInt16(); // read next to last 2-byte int
AShortInt = BR->ReadInt16(); // read the last 2-byte int
}
delete infile;
delete BR;
Close();
}
catch(...)
{
delete infile; // closes the file, doesn't delete it.
delete BR;
ShowMessage("Can't open file!");
Close();
}
But, what i would like to do is use a 76-byte wide buffer to read the entire block, and then pick the various datum out of that buffer. I put together the following code based on this question and i can read a whole block of data into the buffer.
UnicodeString myfile = System::Ioutils::TPath::Combine(System::Ioutils::TPath::GetDocumentsPath(), "binaryCOM.dat");
TFileStream*infile=0;
try
{
infile=new TFileStream(myfile,fmOpenRead);
const int bufsize=76;
char*buf=new char[bufsize];
int a = 0;
while(int bytesread=infile->Read(buf,bufsize)) {
a++; // just a place to break on Run to Cursor
}
delete[]buf;
}
catch(...)
{
delete infile;
ShowMessage("Can't open file!");
Close();
}
But i can't figure out how to piece together subsets out of the bytes in the buffer. Is there a way to concatenate bytes? So i could read a block of data into a 76 byte buffer and then do something like this below?
unsigned int FirstDatum = buf[0]+buf[1]+buf[2]+buf[3]; // concatenate the 4 bytes for the first piece of data
This will be an FMX app for Win32, iOS, and Android built in C++Builder 10.3.2.
Here is my modified code using Remy's suggestion of TMemoryStream.
UnicodeString myfile = System::Ioutils::TPath::Combine(System::Ioutils::TPath::GetDocumentsPath(), "binaryCOM.dat");
TMemoryStream *MS=0;
TBinaryReader *BR=0;
std::vector<short> myArray;
short AShortInt;
int AInteger;
int NumDatums = 32; // the variable number of 2-byte main datums
try
{
MS = new TMemoryStream();
MS->LoadFromFile(myfile);
BR = new TBinaryReader(MS, TEncoding::Unicode, false);
for (int rows = 0; rows < 5; rows++) { // testing with first 5 blocks of data
AInteger = BR->ReadInt32(); // read first two 4 byte integers
AInteger = BR->ReadInt32(); // here
for (int i = 0; i < NumDatums; i++) { // read the main 2-byte data
AShortInt = BR->ReadInt16();
myArray.push_back(AShortInt); // push it into vector
}
AShortInt = BR->ReadInt16(); // read next to last 2-byte int
AShortInt = BR->ReadInt16(); // read the last 2-byte int
// code here to do something with this block of data just read from file
}
}
delete MS;
delete BR;
}
catch(...)
{
delete MS;
delete BR;
ShowMessage("Can't open file.");
}
I have stored hex values in a text file with .ini extension along with address. But when i read it, it will not be in hex format it will be in character so is there any way to read value as hex and store it in byte in C language or in CAPL script?
I assume that you know how to read a text file in CAPL...
You can convert a hex string to a number using strtol(char s[], long result&):long. See the CAPL help (CAPL Function Overview -> General -> strol):
The number base is
haxadecimal if the string starts with "0x"
octal if the string starts with "0"
decimal otherwise
Whitespace (space or tabs) at the start of the staring are ignored.
Example:
on start
{
long number1, number2;
strtol("0xFF", number1);
strtol("-128", number2);
write("number1 = %d", number1);
write("number2 = %d", number2);
}
Output:
number1 = 255
number2 = -128
See also: strtoll(), strtoul(), strtoull(), strtod() and atol()
Update:
If the hex string does not start with "0x"...
on message 0x200
{
if (this.byte(0) == hextol("38"))
write("byte(0) == 56");
}
long hextol(char s[])
{
long res;
char xs[8];
strncpy(xs, "0x", elcount(xs)); // cpy "0x" to 'xs'
strncat(xs, s, elcount(xs)); // cat 'xs' and 's'
strtol(xs, res); // convert to long
return res;
}
I have a problem in regards of extracting signed int from string in c++.
Assuming that i have a string of images1234, how can i extract the 1234 from the string without knowing the position of the last non numeric character in C++.
FYI, i have try stringstream as well as lexical_cast as suggested by others through the post but stringstream returns 0 while lexical_cast stopped working.
int main()
{
string virtuallive("Images1234");
//stringstream output(virtuallive.c_str());
//int i = stoi(virtuallive);
//stringstream output(virtuallive);
int i;
i = boost::lexical_cast<int>(virtuallive.c_str());
//output >> i;
cout << i << endl;
return 0;
}
How can i extract the 1234 from the string without knowing the position of the last non numeric character in C++?
You can't. But the position is not hard to find:
auto last_non_numeric = input.find_last_not_of("1234567890");
char* endp = &input[0];
if (last_non_numeric != std::string::npos)
endp += last_non_numeric + 1;
if (*endp) { /* FAILURE, no number on the end */ }
auto i = strtol(endp, &endp, 10);
if (*endp) {/* weird FAILURE, maybe the number was really HUGE and couldn't convert */}
Another possibility would be to put the string into a stringstream, then read the number from the stream (after imbuing the stream with a locale that classifies everything except digits as white space).
// First the desired facet:
struct digits_only: std::ctype<char> {
digits_only(): std::ctype<char>(get_table()) {}
static std::ctype_base::mask const* get_table() {
// everything is white-space:
static std::vector<std::ctype_base::mask>
rc(std::ctype<char>::table_size,std::ctype_base::space);
// except digits, which are digits
std::fill(&rc['0'], &rc['9'], std::ctype_base::digit);
// and '.', which we'll call punctuation:
rc['.'] = std::ctype_base::punct;
return &rc[0];
}
};
Then the code to read the data:
std::istringstream virtuallive("Images1234");
virtuallive.imbue(locale(locale(), new digits_only);
int number;
// Since we classify the letters as white space, the stream will ignore them.
// We can just read the number as if nothing else were there:
virtuallive >> number;
This technique is useful primarily when the stream contains a substantial amount of data, and you want all the data in that stream to be interpreted in the same way (e.g., only read numbers, regardless of what else it might contain).
I've got a form with a Listbox which contains lines of four words.
When I click on one line, these words should be seen in four different textboxes.
So far, I've got everything working, yet I have a problem with chars converting.
The string from the listbox is a UnicodeString but the strtok uses a char[].
The compiler tells me it "Cannot Convert UnicodeString to Char[]". This is the code I am using for this:
{
int a;
UnicodeString b;
char * pch;
int c;
a=DatabaseList->ItemIndex; //databaselist is the listbox
b=DatabaseList->Items->Strings[a];
char str[] = b; //This is the part that fails, telling its unicode and not char[].
pch = strtok (str," ");
c=1;
while (pch!=NULL)
{
if (c==1)
{
ServerAddress->Text=pch;
} else if (c==2)
{
DatabaseName->Text=pch;
} else if (c==3)
{
Username->Text=pch;
} else if (c==4)
{
Password->Text=pch;
}
pch = strtok (NULL, " ");
c=c+1;
}
}
I know my code doesn't look nice, pretty bad actually. I'm just learning some programming in C++.
How can I convert this?
strtok actually modifies your char array, so you will need to construct an array of characters you are allowed to modify. Referencing directly into the UnicodeString string will not work.
// first convert to AnsiString instead of Unicode.
AnsiString ansiB(b);
// allocate enough memory for your char array (and the null terminator)
char* str = new char[ansiB.Length()+1];
// copy the contents of the AnsiString into your char array
strcpy(str, ansiB.c_str());
// the rest of your code goes here
// remember to delete your char array when done
delete[] str;
This works for me and saves me converting to AnsiString
// Using a static buffer
#define MAX_SIZE 256
UnicodeString ustring = "Convert me";
char mbstring[MAX_SIZE];
wcstombs(mbstring,ustring.c_str(),MAX_SIZE);
// Using dynamic buffer
char *dmbstring;
dmbstring = new char[ustring.Length() + 1];
wcstombs(dmbstring,ustring.c_str(),ustring.Length() + 1);
// use dmbstring
delete dmbstring;