when running a makefile, which includes a usage of
a script-file, I receive an error saying the linker doesn't find the script file.
When running the make file the output is as follows:
arm-none-eabi-gcc -g -Wall -Werror -c -o main.o main.c
arm-none-eabi-gcc -g -Wall -Werror -c -o misc.o misc.c
arm-none-eabi-gcc main.o misc.o misc.h -g -Wall -Werror -Wl,-Map=HOST.map -T=msp432p401r.lds -o HOST
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot open linker script file =msp432p401r.lds: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:11: HOST] Error 1
The makefile content is:
#---- Variables (machine depending) --------
TARGET = HOST
CC = arm-none-eabi-gcc #gcc
CFLAGS = -g -Wall -Werror # compiler flags
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map -T=msp432p401r.lds # linker flag
SOURCE = main.c misc.c misc.h
OBJS = $(SOURCE:.c=.o) # replace all c with o
#---- Targets -----------
$(TARGET): $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(OBJS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $#
I have searched a lot for a solution for this issue, and tried various fixes, with no success.
The script file is located at the same location as the source files.
What can be the reason for not finding the file?
Thanks
Related
I'm trying to write my own makefile for a paho.mqtt project on a Raspberry Pi 4.
I've downloaded & tested the paho.mqtt install and its all working as expected.
So I'm now testing some C code but I just cant figure out the makefile (I'm new to this), my file so far,
NAME = mqtt_test
OBJ = $(NAME).o
LIBS = -libpaho-mqtt3c -libpaho-mqtt3cs
CFLAGS = -Wall -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib
CC = gcc
EXTENSION = .c
all: $(NAME)
%.o: %$(EXTENSION) $(DEPS)
$(CC) -c -o $# $< $(CFLAGS)
$(NAME): $(OBJ)
$(CC) -o $# $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)
.PHONY: clean
clean:
#rm -f *.o *~ core $(NAME)
This returns,
gcc -o mqtt_test mqtt_test.o -Wall -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -libpaho-mqtt3c -libpaho-mqtt3cs
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -libpaho-mqtt3c
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -libpaho-mqtt3cs
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [makefile:14: mqtt_test] Error 1
I've checked & the includes and libraries are in the directories I put after the-I and -L flags.
When I look in /usr/bin there is no ld but there are paho files prefixed with paho_ but no library files.
What am I missing?
You don't use -libpaho-mqtt3c (etc.)
The option is -l so when you write -libpaho-mqtt3c the linker is looking for libraries named ibpaho-mqtt3c which of course do not exist: that would be either libibpaho-mqtt3c.a or libibpaho-mqtt3c.so.
You want to use -lpaho-mqtt3c: remove the lib at the front and the extension .a or .so, and add in the option -l.
I'm trying to link a static library archive file (libx/libx.a) with a C code. The library requires 2 flags (-lx -lpthread). After linking the static library my ultimate goal is to create a shared library. I have the following Make file,
rsa-engine: rsa/rsa.c rsa/bignum.c rsa/aes.c rsa/x509parse.c rsa/pem.c
gcc -fPIC -o rsa/rsa.o -c rsa/rsa.c
gcc -fPIC -o rsa/bignum.o -c rsa/bignum.c
gcc -fPIC -o rsa/aes.o -c rsa/aes.c
gcc -fPIC -o rsa/x509parse.o -c rsa/x509parse.c
gcc -fPIC -o rsa/pem.o -c rsa/pem.c
gcc -fPIC rsa-engine.c libx/libx.a -L.libx/ -lx -lpthread -o rsa-engine.o
gcc -shared -o librsa_engine.so -lcrypto rsa-engine.o rsa/rsa.o rsa/bignum.o rsa/aes.o rsa/x509parse.o rsa/pem.o
clean:
rm -f *.o rsa/*.o *.so rsa-engine
After using the make command it produces the following output,
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lx
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:2: recipe for target 'rsa-engine' failed
make: *** [rsa-engine] Error 1
I found similar questions here. But that did not help. Seems like I can't make the link work. Any help with what I'm doing wrong?
I would like to achieve the same result generated by the following command,
CC := gcc
CFLAGS := -Wall -g -MD -O2 -I ../
LDFLAGS := -lx -lpthread
tests_files := hello
all: $(tests_files)
hello: hello.o ../libx/libx.a
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -static $(<) -L../libx/ $(LDFLAGS) -o $(#)
It seems that your libx.a is located in libx, yet -L references .libx directory. Anyway, since you reference libx/libx.a directly, you may skip both -L.libx/ -lx and it should link just fine.
I'm getting a Make error when I run the mingw32-make command:
PS D:\> mingw32-make
cd src; mingw32-make
The system cannot find the path specified.
mingw32-make: *** [Makefile:4: all] Error 1
But when I list the actual command listed in the Makefile i.e. cd src; mingw32-make, the build is finished successfully.
PS D:\> cd src; mingw32-make
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c account.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c customer.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c display.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c main.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c passbook.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c security.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wformat -Wchkp -I../include -c staff.cpp
g++ -o Bank account.o customer.o display.o main.o passbook.o security.o staff.o
However this issue is not present when I build using Make on Ubuntu.
This is the Makefile in my root directory:
DIR = src
all:
cd $(DIR); mingw32-make
clean:
cd $(DIR); mingw32-make clean
This is the Makefile in my src subdirectory:
# Compiler options
# -std=c++17 enables ISO C++ 17 standard
CC = g++
CCFLAGS = -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -
Wformat -Wchkp
i = ../include
# LOCFLAGS used to set tell the compiler where to find a
# header that is not in the same directory as the source
file itself
# LOCFLAGS will be set in directory level makefiles as
needed
LOCFLAGS = -I../include
# The list of object files that can be made in this
subdirectory
# is assigned to the make macro named $OBJECTS
OBJECTS = account.o customer.o display.o main.o
passbook.o \
security.o staff.o
# This rule says that the target named "all" depends on
those
# files. Executing "make all" in this subdirectory will cause
# make to build the object files (.o) listed in the macro
$OBJECTS
# and create an executable named "Bank" by linking them
all: $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) -o Bank $(OBJECTS)
# rule that says how to make a .o object file from a .cpp
source file
# for a given source file in a given directory you could
compile it
# into an object file by executing "make filename.o"
# $< and $# are macros defined by make
# $< refers to the file being processed (i.e., compiled or
linked )
# $# refers to the generated file
%.o: %.cpp
$(CC) $(CCFLAGS) $(LOCFLAGS) -c $<
# target to clean up the object files, core files and
executables
# executing "make clean" in this subdirectory will remove
all
# files named core, "Bank" or any file ending in .o or
.stackdump
clean:
del $(OBJECTS) core *.stackdump Bank
On Windows you're running in a command.com shell, not a POSIX shell. In command.com, the syntax cd src; mingw32-make is not legal. For example if I open a command.com terminal on a Windows system I see:
C:\Users\build> cd src; echo hi
The system cannot find the path specified.
In Windows command.com the command separator is a single & not a semicolon.
If you want to change directories portably you can use the -C option to GNU make. Also you should always use the $(MAKE) variable, not write out the make command by hand:
all:
$(MAKE) -C $(DIR)
I have got 4 files: pass1.c , pass2.c, main.c and header1.h.
Each of these files, include the file header.h
I wrote the following makefile:
assembler: pass1.o pass2.o main.o
gcc pass1.o pass2.o -o assembler
pass1.o: pass1.c
gcc -c -ansi -Wall -pedantic pass1.c -o pass1.o
pass2.o: pass2.c
gcc -c -ansi -Wall -pedantic pass2.c -o pass2.o
main.o: main.c
gcc -c -ansi -Wall -pedantic main.c -o main.o
When I did make, I got the following error:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o: In function `_start':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:2: recipe for target 'assembler' failed
make: *** [assembler] Error 1
Note that I didn't write a function called 'start'.
What is the problem here and how can I fix it?
gcc pass1.o pass2.o -o assembler
should be
gcc main.o pass1.o pass2.o -o assembler
Rename main.c to assembler.c and your entire makefile can be condensed to
CFLAGS := -ansi -Wall -pedantic
objects := assembler.o pass1.o pass2.o
assembler: $(objects)
$(objects): header.h
assuming that cc on your system is a symlink to gcc.
I am trying to create a very basic hand crafted Makefile to create a shared library to illustrate a point.
This is what I have so far:
SHELL = /bin/sh
CC = gcc
FLAGS = -std=gnu99 -Iinclude
CFLAGS = -fPIC -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -march=native -ggdb3
DEBUGFLAGS = -O0 -D _DEBUG
RELEASEFLAGS = -O2 -D NDEBUG -combine -fwhole-program
TARGET = example.so
SOURCES = $(shell echo src/*.c)
HEADERS = $(shell echo include/*.h)
OBJECTS = $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
PREFIX = $(DESTDIR)/usr/local
BINDIR = $(PREFIX)/bin
all: $(TARGET)
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(FLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(DEBUGFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS)
When I run make, it attempts to build an application - and ld fails because it can't resolve main().
Problem seems to be with CFLAGS - I have specified -fPIC but that is not working - what am I doing wrong?
Edit
I added the -shared flag as suggested, when I run make, I got this error:
gcc -std=gnu99 -Iinclude -fPIC -shared -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -march=native -ggdb3 -O0 -D _DEBUG -o example.so src/example.o
/usr/bin/ld: src/example.o: relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
src/example.o: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [example.so] Error 1
Which seems to be suggesting to revert back to -fPIC only.
BTW, my new CFLAGS setting is:
CFLAGS = -fPIC -shared -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -march=native -ggdb3
I am running gcc v4.4.3 on Ubuntu 10.0.4.
The solution was to modify the XXFLAGS as follows:
FLAGS = # -std=gnu99 -Iinclude
CFLAGS = -fPIC -g #-pedantic -Wall -Wextra -ggdb3
LDFLAGS = -shared
Compile with -shared:
gcc -o libfoo.so module1.o module2.o -shared
(This also works on MingW under Windows to produce DLLs.)
Example for C++ files. I've also included a clean target.
.PHONY : clean
CPPFLAGS= -fPIC -g
LDFLAGS= -shared
SOURCES = $(shell echo *.cpp)
HEADERS = $(shell echo *.h)
OBJECTS=$(SOURCES:.cpp=.o)
FIKSENGINE_LIBDIR=../../../../lib
FIKSENGINE_INCDIR=../../../../include
TARGET=$(FIKSENGINE_LIBDIR)/tinyxml.so
all: $(TARGET)
clean:
rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(TARGET)
$(TARGET) : $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $# $(LDFLAGS)
Since you try to build so file, you probably need -shared.
this is my goto makefile rule for so files:
%.so: %.o ; $(LINK.c) $(LDFLAGS) -shared $^ -o $#
can be used like so
CFLAGS+=-fPIC
libmyfoo.so: # create from libmyfoo.o
# or
libmyfoo.so: myfoo.o # create from myfoo.o