Bash: getting keyboard input with timeout - bash

Question

I have a script that aims to find out which key is pressed. The problem is that I don't manage it quickly because I need the timeout in the fifth digit that makes it not react quickly, or not react at all.
#!/bin/bash
sudo echo Start
while true
do
file_content=$(sudo timeout 0.5s cat /dev/input/event12 | hexdump)
content_split=$(echo $file_content | tr " " "\n")
word_counter=0
for option in $content_split
do
word_counter=$((word_counter+1))
if [ $word_counter -eq 25 ]
then
case $option in
"0039")echo "<space>";;
"001c")echo "<return>";;
"001e")echo "a";;
"0030")echo "b";;
"002e")echo "c";;
"0020")echo "d";;
"0012")echo "e";;
"0021")echo "f";;
"0022")echo "g";;
"0023")echo "h";;
"0017")echo "i";;
"0024")echo "j";;
"0025")echo "k";;
"0026")echo "l";;
"0032")echo "m";;
"0031")echo "n";;
"0018")echo "o";;
"0019")echo "p";;
"0010")echo "q";;
"0013")echo "r";;
"001f")echo "s";;
"0014")echo "t";;
"0016")echo "u";;
"002f")echo "v";;
"0011")echo "w";;
"002d")echo "x";;
"002c")echo "y";;
"0015")echo "z";;
esac
fi
done
done

Answer 1

Do not run cat in a timeout in a loop - that's just an invalid way to look at the problem. No matter how "fast" your program runs it will always miss some events that way. Overall polling approach is just invalid here.
The parsing and linux philosophy is build around streams that transfers bytes. The always available streams are stdin, stdout and stderr. They allow to pass data from one context to another. The shell most common | operator allows to bind together output from one program to input of another program - and this is the way™ you should work in shell. Shell primary use is to "connect" programs together.
So you could do:
# read from the input
sudo cat /dev/input/mouse1 |
# transform input to hex data one byte at at time so
# we could parse it in **shell**
xxd -c1 -p |
# read one byte and parse it in **shell**
while IFS= read -r line; do
: parse line
done
but shell is very slow and while read is very slow. If you want speed (and events from input are going to be fast) do not use shell and use a good programming language - python, perl, ruby, at least awk - these are common scripting languages. The case $option in construct looks like a mapping from hex values to output strings. I could see:
# save one `cat` process by just calling xxd
sudo xxd -c1 -p dev/input/mouse1 |
awk 'BEGIN{
map["1c"]="<return>";
map["1e"]="a";
# etc. add all other cases to mapping
}
{ if ($0 in a) print map[$0] }
'