I tried to run my turtle code on vs code but, it doesn't run! it has no errors or bugs also. And I have a similar turtle project but it runs and opens Python Turtle Graphics! but this one doesn't! Here is the code:
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
def draw_square(some_turtle):
for _ in range(4):
some_turtle.forward(200)
some_turtle.right(90)
def draw_art():
brad = Turtle(shape="turtle")
brad.color("yellow")
brad.pensize(2)
brad.speed(0)
for _ in range(36):
draw_square(brad)
brad.right(10)
# Turtle Angie
angie = Turtle(shape="turtle")
angie.color("blue")
angie.pensize(2)
angie.speed(0)
size = 1
for _ in range(300):
angie.forward(size)
angie.right(91)
size += 1
window = Screen()
window.bgcolor("black")
draw_art()
window.exitonclick()
In order for your program to work you have to take out the draw_art() because it is inside the definition. Instead it needs to be outside of the definition.
Related
I have a lottery program which is written by python(PYQT5). Now,I got the lucky number in the back first and roll the label. I want to paste the answer finally. Like code.
r_list = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] #random list
animation(label,r_list,ans) #GUI showing
#GUI showing (label,random list,final text)
def animation(label,r_list,ans):
show_timmer = 5 #time of animation(sec)
#animation
timeline = QtCore.QTimeLine(show_timmer * 1000, self) #time of timeline
timeline.setFrameRange(label.geometry().top(), label.geometry().width()) #range of anumation
timeline.setLoopCount(1) #action times
timeline.frameChanged.connect(lambda: self.__set_frame_func(label,r_list)) #animation action
timeline.start() #anumation start
#finally:paste the answer
#anumation action:rolling label
def set_frame_func(label,r_list):
msg = r_list[random.randint(0,len(r_list)-1)] #random text
label.setText(msg) #change the text
return
Accroding to the code, I try in vain to finish the code.
#finally:paste the answer
while True:
if timeline.state() == 0:
label.setText(ans)
break
#finally:paste the answer
time.sleep(show_timmer)
label.setText(ans)
#finally:paste the answer
start = time.time()
while True:
if time.time() - start >= show_timmer:
break
label.setText(ans)
All the ways will crash the computer. Which case I can reference?
I'm poor at English. I'm sorry if I offend.
I am running 3 different model (Random forest, Gradient Boosting, Ada Boost) and a model ensemble based on these 3 models.
I managed to use SHAP for GB and RF but not for ADA with the following error:
Exception Traceback (most recent call last)
in engine
----> 1 explainer = shap.TreeExplainer(model,data = explain_data.head(1000), model_output= 'probability')
/home/cdsw/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/shap/explainers/tree.py in __init__(self, model, data, model_output, feature_perturbation, **deprecated_options)
110 self.feature_perturbation = feature_perturbation
111 self.expected_value = None
--> 112 self.model = TreeEnsemble(model, self.data, self.data_missing)
113
114 if feature_perturbation not in feature_perturbation_codes:
/home/cdsw/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/shap/explainers/tree.py in __init__(self, model, data, data_missing)
752 self.tree_output = "probability"
753 else:
--> 754 raise Exception("Model type not yet supported by TreeExplainer: " + str(type(model)))
755
756 # build a dense numpy version of all the tree objects
Exception: Model type not yet supported by TreeExplainer: <class 'sklearn.ensemble._weight_boosting.AdaBoostClassifier'>
I found this link on Git that state
TreeExplainer creates a TreeEnsemble object from whatever model type we are trying to explain, and then works with that downstream. So all you would need to do is and add another if statement in the
TreeEnsemble constructor similar to the one for gradient boosting
But I really don't know how to implement it since I quite new to this.
I had the same problem and what I did, was to modify the file in the git you are commenting.
In my case I use windows so the file is in C:\Users\my_user\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\shap\explainers but you can do double click over the error message and the file will be opened.
The next step is to add another elif as the answer of the git help says. In my case I did it from the line 404 as following:
1) Modify the source code.
...
self.objective = objective_name_map.get(model.criterion, None)
self.tree_output = "probability"
elif str(type(model)).endswith("sklearn.ensemble.weight_boosting.AdaBoostClassifier'>"): #From this line I have modified the code
scaling = 1.0 / len(model.estimators_) # output is average of trees
self.trees = [Tree(e.tree_, normalize=True, scaling=scaling) for e in model.estimators_]
self.objective = objective_name_map.get(model.base_estimator_.criterion, None) #This line is done to get the decision criteria, for example gini.
self.tree_output = "probability" #This is the last line I added
elif str(type(model)).endswith("sklearn.ensemble.forest.ExtraTreesClassifier'>"): # TODO: add unit test for this case
scaling = 1.0 / len(model.estimators_) # output is average of trees
self.trees = [Tree(e.tree_, normalize=True, scaling=scaling) for e in model.estimators_]
...
Note in the other models, the code of shap needs the attribute 'criterion' that the AdaBoost classifier doesn't have in a direct way. So in this case this attribute is obtained from the "weak" classifiers with the AdaBoost has been trained, that's why I add model.base_estimator_.criterion .
Finally you have to import the library again, train your model and get the shap values. I leave an example:
2) Import again the library and try:
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.ensemble import AdaBoostClassifier
import shap
# import some data to play with
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris.data
y = iris.target
ADABoost_model = AdaBoostClassifier()
ADABoost_model.fit(X, y)
shap_values = shap.TreeExplainer(ADABoost_model).shap_values(X)
shap.summary_plot(shap_values, X, plot_type="bar")
Which generates the following:
3) Get your new results:
It seems that the shap package has been updated and still does not contain the AdaBoostClassifier. Based on the previous answer, I've modified the previous answer to work with the shap/explainers/tree.py file in lines 598-610
### Added AdaBoostClassifier based on the outdated StackOverflow response and Github issue here
### https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60433389/how-to-calculate-shap-values-for-adaboost-model/61108156#61108156
### https://github.com/slundberg/shap/issues/335
elif safe_isinstance(model, ["sklearn.ensemble.AdaBoostClassifier", "sklearn.ensemble._weighted_boosting.AdaBoostClassifier"]):
assert hasattr(model, "estimators_"), "Model has no `estimators_`! Have you called `model.fit`?"
self.internal_dtype = model.estimators_[0].tree_.value.dtype.type
self.input_dtype = np.float32
scaling = 1.0 / len(model.estimators_) # output is average of trees
self.trees = [Tree(e.tree_, normalize=True, scaling=scaling) for e in model.estimators_]
self.objective = objective_name_map.get(model.base_estimator_.criterion, None) #This line is done to get the decision criteria, for example gini.
self.tree_output = "probability" #This is the last line added
Also working on testing to add this to the package :)
I am a teacher that is writing a program to read an 8-digit ID barcode for students who are late to school. I am an experienced programmer, but new to Python and very new to Tkinter (about 36 hours experience) I have made heavy use of this site so far, but I have been unable to find the answer to this question:
How can I read exactly 8 digits, and display those 8 digits in a textbox immediately. I can do 7, but can't seem to get it to 8. Sometimes, I will get nothing in the text box. I have used Entry, bind , and everything works OK, except I can't seem to get the keys read in the bind event to place the keys in the textbox consistently that were inputted. The ID seems to be always correct when I PRINT it, but it is not correct in the textbox. I seem unable to be allowed to show the tkinter screen, so it shows only 7 digits or nothing in the text box upon completion.
Here is a snippet of my code, that deals with the GUI
from tkinter import *
from collections import Counter
import time
i=0
class studentNumGUI():
def __init__(self, master):
master.title("Student ID Reader")
self.idScanned = StringVar()
localTime = time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))
self.lblTime = Label(master, text=localTime)
self.lblTime.pack()
self.lbl = Label(master, text="Enter Student ID:")
self.lbl.pack()
self.idScanned.set("")
self.idScan = Entry(master,textvariable=self.idScanned,width=12)
self.idScan.pack()
self.frame=Frame(width=400,height=400)
self.frame.pack()
self.frame.focus()
self.frame.bind('<Key>',self.key)
def key(self,event):
global i
self.frame.focus()
self.idScan.insert(END,event.char)
print(repr(event.char)," was pressed") #just to make sure that my keystrokes are accepted
if (i < 7):
i += 1
else:
#put my other python function calls here once I fix my problem
self.frame.after(2000)
#self.idScan.delete(0,END) #Then go blank for the next ID to be read
i=0
root = Tk()
nameGUI = studentNumGUI(root)
root.mainloop()
enter image description here
You are doing some unusual things in order to place text inside the Entry field based on keypresses. I've changed your code so that it sets the focus on the Entry widget and will check the contents of the Entry field each time a key is pressed (while the Entry has focus). I'm then getting the contents of the Entry field and checking if the length is less than 8. If it is 8 (or greater) it will clear the box.
How does this work for you?
I've left in the commented out code
from tkinter import *
from collections import Counter
import time
class studentNumGUI():
def __init__(self, master):
master.title("Student ID Reader")
self.idScanned = StringVar()
localTime = time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))
self.lblTime = Label(master, text=localTime)
self.lblTime.pack()
self.lbl = Label(master, text="Enter Student ID:")
self.lbl.pack()
self.idScanned.set("")
self.idScan = Entry(master,textvariable=self.idScanned,width=12)
self.idScan.pack()
self.idScan.focus_set()
self.frame=Frame(width=400,height=400)
self.frame.pack()
#self.frame.focus()
#self.frame.bind('<Key>',self.key)
self.idScan.bind('<Key>',self.key)
def key(self,event):
#self.frame.focus()
#self.idScan.insert(END,event.char)
print(repr(event.char)," was pressed") #just to make sure that my keystrokes are accepted
len(self.idScanned.get())
if (len(self.idScanned.get())<8):
pass
else:
#put my other python function calls here once I fix my problem
self.idScan.delete(0,END) #Then go blank for the next ID to be read
#self.frame.after(2000)
root = Tk()
nameGUI = studentNumGUI(root)
root.mainloop()
I have made that loop my self and Iam trying to make it faster, better... but sometimes after it repeat searching for existing... it press random ( i think cuz its not similar to any img iam using in sikuli ) place on the screen. Maybe you will know why.
Part of this loop below
while surowiec_1:
if exists("1451060448708.png", 1) or exists("1451061746632.png", 1):
foo = [w_lewo, w_prawo, w_dol, w_gore]
randomListElement = foo[random.randint(0,len(foo)-1)]
click(randomListElement)
wait(3)
else:
if exists("1450930340868.png", 1 ):
click(hemp)
wait(1)
hemp = exists("1450930340868.png", 1)
elif exists("1451086210167.png", 1):
click(tree)
wait(1)
tree = exists("1451086210167.png", 1)
elif exists("1451022614047.png", 1 ):
hover("1451022614047.png")
click(flower)
flower = exists("1451022614047.png", 1)
elif exists("1451021823366.png", 1 ):
click(fish)
fish = exists("1451021823366.png")
elif exists("1451022083851.png", 1 ):
click(bigfish)
bigfish = exists("1451022083851.png", 1)
else:
foo = [w_lewo, w_prawo, w_dol, w_gore]
randomListElement = foo[random.randint(0,len(foo)-1)]
click(randomListElement)
wait(3)
I wonder if this is just program problem with img recognitions or I have made a mistake.
You call twice the exist method indending to get the same match (the first one in your if statement, the second time to assign it to the value. You ask sikuli to evaluate the image twice, and it can have different results.
From the method's documentation
the best match can be accessed using Region.getLastMatch() afterwards.
Short Version:
Program to:
control racing (cars) laptimes (it must not reset)
be able to use as a chronometer
b able to use as a reverse chronometer (start in X min:secs end in 00:00)
Long Version:
I need a program to control time, I need the time to go forth and back (for me to choose)
and I insert the starting time.
I also need a program to control lap times.
If anyone know any program for these stuff (racing stuff), I would apreciate it, even if there only are paid solution, I still would like to take a look at them (I staring to make a program in python and it could be good for inspiration)
After some search, I could only find this:
It's a simple clock in python TKinter..... if anyone has anything more advanced... (easier to change :) )
from Tkinter import *
import time
from Tkinter import *
import time
class StopWatch(Frame):
""" Implements a stop watch frame widget. """
def __init__(self, parent=None, **kw):
Frame.__init__(self, parent, kw)
self._start = 0.0
self._elapsedtime = 0.0
self._running = 0
self.timestr = StringVar()
self.makeWidgets()
def makeWidgets(self):
""" Make the time label. """
l = Label(self, textvariable=self.timestr)
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
l.pack(fill=X, expand=NO, pady=2, padx=2)
def _update(self):
""" Update the label with elapsed time. """
self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
self._timer = self.after(50, self._update)
def _setTime(self, elap):
""" Set the time string to Minutes:Seconds:Hundreths """
minutes = int(elap/60)
seconds = int(elap - minutes*60.0)
hseconds = int((elap - minutes*60.0 - seconds)*100)
self.timestr.set('%02d:%02d:%02d' % (minutes, seconds, hseconds))
def Start(self):
""" Start the stopwatch, ignore if running. """
if not self._running:
self._start = time.time() - self._elapsedtime
self._update()
self._running = 1
def Stop(self):
""" Stop the stopwatch, ignore if stopped. """
if self._running:
self.after_cancel(self._timer)
self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
self._running = 0
def Reset(self):
""" Reset the stopwatch. """
self._start = time.time()
self._elapsedtime = 0.0
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
def main():
root = Tk()
sw = StopWatch(root)
sw.pack(side=TOP)
Button(root, text='Start', command=sw.Start).pack(side=LEFT)
Button(root, text='Stop', command=sw.Stop).pack(side=LEFT)
Button(root, text='Reset', command=sw.Reset).pack(side=LEFT)
Button(root, text='Quit', command=root.quit).pack(side=LEFT)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
If you want to go with a packaged solution, you should try some of the apps:
for your android phone: http://www.bestandroidappsreview.com/2010/05/top-android-app-ultimate-stopwatch.html
for your iphone: http://www.apple.com/webapps/utilities/stopwatch_benku.html which is free, but if you want a more powerful stopwatch you should try LAPZERO app (see demo http://www.lapzero.com/v4/)
for your windows mobile phone: http://www.ageye.de/index.php?s=grace/about
or find one for your desktop computer platform/system on google
So what you want is a milliseconds accurate stop watch and lap timer.
Not that I have tried it but heres one I found on google http://www.xnotestopwatch.com/
I wish I could vote, cause that import tardis crack was a good one. :P