Can't get the first value by using useState in a functionn - react-hooks

Question

I need to show the text according to the data value. By running the code, I want to see the 'Test1: 1' can be shown after I clicked the button, but I can't. Any method to make this happen?
Below is a sample sandbox link including the code.
https://codesandbox.io/s/restless-wildflower-9pl09k?file=/src/Parent.js
export default function Parent(props) {
const [data, setData] = useState(0);
const onClick = () => {
setData(1);
console.log(data);
setData(2);
};
return (
<>
<button onClick={onClick}> Click here </button>
{data === 1 ? <div>Test1: {data}</div> : <div>Test2: {data}</div>}
</>
);
}

Answer 1

The setState function returned by useState does not directly update the state. Instead it is used to send the value that React will use during the next asynchronous state update. console.log is an effect so if you want to see data logged every time it is changed, you can use React.useEffect. Run the code below and click the 0 button several times to see the state changes and effects in your browser.
function App() {
const [data, setData] = React.useState(0)
React.useEffect(_ => console.log("data", data), [data])
return <button
onClick={_ => setData(data + 1)}
children={data}
/>
}
ReactDOM.render(<App/>, document.querySelector("#app"))
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.14.0/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.14.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
<div id="app"></div>
Your comment talks about a network request example. Custom hooks can be designed to accommodate complex use cases and keep your components easy to write.
function App() {
const [{fetching, error, data}, retry] = useAsync(_ => {
return fetch("https://random-data-api.com/api/users/random_user")
.then(res => res.json())
}, [])
if (fetching) return <pre>Loading...</pre>
if (error) return <pre>Error: {error.message}</pre>
return <div>
<button onClick={retry} children="retry" />
<pre>{JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>
</div>
}
function useAsync(f, deps) {
const [state, setState] = React.useState({fetching: true})
const [ts, setTs] = React.useState(Date.now())
React.useEffect(_ => {
f()
.then(data => setState({fetching: false, data}))
.catch(error => setState({fetching: false, error}))
}, [...deps, ts])
return [
state,
_ => {
setState({fetching: true, error: null, data: null})
setTs(Date.now())
}
]
}
ReactDOM.render(<App/>, document.querySelector("#app"))
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.14.0/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.14.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
<div id="app"></div>

Answer 2

The reason the console.log(data) did not reflect the latest data is because of the React manages state. Calls to setState() are asynchronous, and if you want to rely on the new value of the state, the correct way is to pass a function of old state, returning the current state. ref. documentation