Unclear on how to upgrade new version of Ruby - ruby

See the terminal commands I used below to upgrade to the newest version of Ruby. It says at one point "ruby 3.2.0 is already installed and up to date", but when I run "ruby -v" it still returns the old version of Ruby. Am I doing something wrong?
➜ ~ ruby -v
ruby 2.6.5p114 (2019-10-01 revision 67812) [x86_64-darwin19]
➜ ~ brew install ruby
Error:
homebrew-core is a shallow clone.
To `brew update`, first run:
git -C /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core fetch --unshallow
This command may take a few minutes to run due to the large size of the repository.
This restriction has been made on GitHub's request because updating shallow
clones is an extremely expensive operation due to the tree layout and traffic of
Homebrew/homebrew-core and Homebrew/homebrew-cask. We don't do this for you
automatically to avoid repeatedly performing an expensive unshallow operation in
CI systems (which should instead be fixed to not use shallow clones). Sorry for
the inconvenience!
Warning: ruby 3.2.0 is already installed and up-to-date.
To reinstall 3.2.0, run:
brew reinstall ruby
➜ ~ ruby -v
ruby 2.6.5p114 (2019-10-01 revision 67812) [x86_64-darwin19]
➜ ~ brew reinstall ruby
==> Fetching ruby
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/manifests/3.2.0
Already downloaded: /Users/Madeline/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/c360900acacef49e831b0f640b0e175180c181ef83afbcd24d4d6609fbf146fe--ruby-3.2.0.bottle_manifest.json
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/blobs/sha256:c25553dfc94e9
Already downloaded: /Users/Madeline/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/f587974e09ec9fbb07b125260da3ce05b66e91a92ec27898f2e446b81a840b88--ruby--3.2.0.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Reinstalling ruby
==> Pouring ruby--3.2.0.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/bin
You may want to add this to your PATH.
ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.
If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"
For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/ruby/3.2.0: 16,574 files, 44.8MB
==> Running `brew cleanup ruby`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
➜ ~ ruby -v
ruby 2.6.5p114 (2019-10-01 revision 67812) [x86_64-darwin19]
➜ ~
I expected "ruby -v" to return the newest version (3.2.0) after I had run the command "brew reinstall ruby". It is still returning the old version.

When installing Ruby with Homebrew, brew will not make the installed version make your default Ruby version on the system automatically because that would override system Ruby that might be using by your operating system.
The is explained in the after install message:
==> Caveats
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/bin
You may want to add this to your PATH.
ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.
If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"
For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"
That said: When you want to use the new Ruby version, then you need to follow the steps from that message and need to set or reconfigure the environment variables like described. When done, you will need to restart your terminal (or even the machine) to take those changes into effect.
Overriding system Ruby, and not being able to switch between different versions of Ruby, is often seen as a bad practice. Therefore, people usually suggest using a Ruby version manager, that offers more flexibly. You might want to look into Ruby version managers like rbenv, RVM or Ruby plugin for asdf version manager.

Related

Ruby commands give me a conflicting message that says the local ruby installed in MacOS won't give me right permissions

I am attempting to get a project running om my Mac with High Sierra computer. After using rbenv and setting the correct version it cd into the project and run bundle install. It tells me the following files may not be writeable and tells me I have the wrong version. Only thing is what it's telling me are the pre brought items from my mac machine.
I attempted to uninstall ruby and reinstall it. I made sure my ~/.bash_profile had the eval "$(rbenv init -)" I even attempted an alternative which another user suggested export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/shims:$PATH". I made sure rbenv used the correct version globally and locally. Using sudo is dangerous although I did that too like an idiot, sure enough, my computer warned me.
I ran ruby --version the output was ruby 2.5.3p105 (2018-10-18 revision 65156) [x86_64-darwin18] When I check with the rbenv-doctor
curl -fsSL https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-doctor | bash
my output tells me everything is dandy.
Checking for `rbenv' in PATH: /usr/local/bin/rbenv
Checking for rbenv shims in PATH: OK
Checking `rbenv install' support: /usr/local/bin/rbenv-install (ruby-build 20190423)
Counting installed Ruby versions: 1 versions
Checking RubyGems settings: OK
Auditing installed plugins: OK
This is the issues I am having with rbenv currently.
[My-Macbook]:sf-dahlia-web username$ bundle install
Following files may not be writable, so sudo is needed:
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/build_info
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/cache
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/doc
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/extensions
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/gems
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0/specifications
Your Ruby version is 2.3.7, but your Gemfile specified 2.5.3
It should successfully run and show all the dependencies for the application I pulled.
I figured it out just fine. Basically rbenv was installed correctly and the issues was a path during install was incorrect so my machine wasn't able to run bundle install removing every single item in my environment and checking all my paths and reinstalling everything worked fine.

How to change which version of Ruby I am using

I need to run 2.5.3. I use brew to manage my ruby installation (as I couldn't get rvm to work on my machine). When I run
$ruby -v
I get
ruby 2.3.7p456 (2018-03-28 revision 63024) [universal.x86_64-darwin18]
However when I attempt to update it using
brew upgrade ruby
I get
Error: ruby 2.6.1 already installed
Why is it so inconsistent on what ruby version I really have installed?
You should be using a Ruby version manager to manage multiple versions of Ruby. I prefer using rbenv. Following are the steps to install it on a mac (they are explained in detail about what is being done and why; if you want a shortcut, try running all the commands in sequence but I'd still insist you read through the steps).
rbenv
Before proceeding with the actual installation, remember these points:
rbenv in itself does not include the ability to install ruby versions. It only changes ruby version per directory. For installing rubies, you need to install the ruby-build tool (which is part of the rbenv project). It is the same for chruby as well which uses another tool to build ruby. EDIT (June 2021): It looks like rbenv installations now come with ruby-build and are capable of compiling ruby right on your machine. I will leave the answer as it is for so that it makes sense for someone on an older setup (or in case they revert that decision later).
ruby-build has to be installed as a plugin to rbenv.
In case you need to learn about the tools in detail, here are the links for rbenv and ruby-build.
The installation procedure for both tools (and a lot of other help) is available in the README files for the projects. Refer to those if things don't work for you.
Installing rbenv
Run the following command to clone rbenv repo into .rbenv directory in your home directory.
$ git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
Your system still does not know where rbenv is. Add it to your path by running:
$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
To initialize rbenv so that it can help you with changing rubies when you change directories, run this:
~/.rbenv/bin/rbenv init
This should tell you something like this:
# Load rbenv automatically by appending
# the following to ~/.bash_profile:
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
So run this:
echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
By this point rbenv should be installed. When you run rbenv on the command line, you should get something like this:
$ rbenv
rbenv 1.1.1-39-g59785f6
Usage: rbenv <command> [<args>]
Some useful rbenv commands are:
commands List all available rbenv commands
local Set or show the local application-specific Ruby version
global Set or show the global Ruby version
shell Set or show the shell-specific Ruby version
rehash Rehash rbenv shims (run this after installing executables)
version Show the current Ruby version and its origin
versions List all Ruby versions available to rbenv
which Display the full path to an executable
whence List all Ruby versions that contain the given executable
See `rbenv help <command>' for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv#readme
NOTE: If you get a warning saying that rbenv is not installed, just run source ~/.bash_profile. That will rerun the ~/.bash_profile script and get rbenv in your path. You should be able to run rbenv after that without trouble.
Do notice that rbenv does not give an option to install or uninstall rubies yet. For this we need to install ruby-build.
Installing ruby-build
We need to add the ruby-build package as a rbenv plugin so that we can type rbenv install <ruby version> to install rubies. All you need to do is to create the plugins directory and checkout the git repo for ruby-build in the plugins directory. Run the following:
$ mkdir -p "$(rbenv root)"/plugins
$ git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git "$(rbenv root)"/plugins/ruby-build
Testing if rbenv and ruby-build have been installed
Run rbenv without any arguments on the terminal should now show the install and uninstall commands being available. Something like this:
$ rbenv
rbenv 1.1.1-39-g59785f6
Usage: rbenv <command> [<args>]
Some useful rbenv commands are:
commands List all available rbenv commands
local Set or show the local application-specific Ruby version
global Set or show the global Ruby version
shell Set or show the shell-specific Ruby version
install Install a Ruby version using ruby-build
uninstall Uninstall a specific Ruby version
rehash Rehash rbenv shims (run this after installing executables)
version Show the current Ruby version and its origin
versions List all Ruby versions available to rbenv
which Display the full path to an executable
whence List all Ruby versions that contain the given executable
See `rbenv help <command>' for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv#readme
If you see that output, your rbenv is installed properly.
Installing ruby
To install ruby 2.5.3, you could run (wait, don't run it yet):
rbenv install 2.5.3
It should output a few lines, take some time and then tell you that version 2.5.3 was installed. However, there is a problem - if the installation fails, especially during compilation, sometimes, the terminal gets stuck and there is no output on the terminal. It just appears to be installing for a long time (forever). To get more info about what is happening, run the following:
rbenv install -f -v 2.5.3
The -f argument tells rbenv to force-install the given version. So if it is already installed, rbenv will re-install (basically overwrite) the given version. So if an installation failed, -f will make sure of the installation.
The -v argument tells rbenv to output verbose messages. So everything that ruby-build does (including the compilation process) will be shown to you. Don't be afraid by the word compilation here. It normally compiles fine without troubles and does not alter your system ruby (the one installed with sudo apt install ruby on Linux or the one you get by default on macOS) whether it succeeds or fails.
Test installation
Once the installation succeeds, you can run the command below to check which versions are installed (output included in the snippet below):
$ rbenv versions
system
* 2.5.3 (set by /home/ubuntu/.rbenv/version)
Note: On mac, the newly installed ruby will have a different path.
The one with the * in front of it is the one which is active right now. If you run which ruby, you should get a path with a ruby shim. If you are curious, read the rbenv documentation to know what shims are, though you wouldn't have to worry about them.
$ which ruby
/home/ubuntu/.rbenv/shims/ruby
Configure & Forget
rbenv is a cool thing to have but to keep writing rbenv shell 2.5.3 and rbenv shell 2.4.5 every single time is a problem. What you should instead do is set a version of ruby for the directory and forget about rbenv.
You can just create a file named .ruby-version containing one line - the version number of ruby you want to use for all ruby scripts within this directory (and subdirectories). Just cd to the required directory and run:
echo "2.5.3" > .ruby-version
All ruby scripts within that directory and subdirectories will then use version 2.5.3.
I would like to thank Vaibhav for his informative answer. I have not yet tried to install rbenv but I will absolutely try that. For now I was able to work around this issue by not specifying a ruby version in my gem file. This is a short term workaround but it worked!

How to correctly update system ruby version to latest version (2.2.1) on OSX

Just trying to update to the latest version of Ruby. On ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/installation/#homebrew, I found that you should be able to do it via homebrew:
brew install ruby
However, when I listed the ruby version (ruby -v) after it 'updated' it was still at the old version 2.0.0.
Hermes:~ Sancho$ ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p481 (2014-05-08 revision 45883) [universal.x86_64-darwin13]
I happened to list the contents of /usr/local/bin/ and I could see a symbolic link:
ruby -> ../Cellar/ruby/2.2.1/bin/ruby
So, I don't know what's happening and why the version still lists the old number and not 2.2.1, as it looks like it should.
There are sym links to for various other ruby tools (erb, gem, irb, rake, rdoc, ri) to version 2.2.1 also.
So what is happening here and how do I correctly install version 2.2.1?
I do have RVM installed also, but I want to update the system version of ruby to the latest.
Easy step
brew uninstall ruby # (if installed)
brew install ruby
then copy the path and paste into the terminal and restart the terminal
check ruby --version
Use Homebrew but make sure /usr/local/bin is early in your path. Ex:
.bashrc
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
This will not update the system Ruby version. Instead it will install another version of ruby and this line tells bash to look for the new version instead.
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$PATH doesn't change in current Terminal session. So please close the Terminal and reopen.
Ref: Jekyll on macOS

installing RubyGem on CentOs 5

My ultimate goal is to install Sass.
To do this I need to install RubyGems
To do this I need to install Ruby.
I installed Ruby with yum.
I then tried to install gem with yum yum install rubygem
The response is "nothing to do" and yet when I write gem install sass I get:
gem: command not found
I decided to try to install rubygems 2.2.2 manually. After downloading it, I tried to run ruby setup.rb and in response I get:
Rubygems now requires Ruby 1.8.7 or later
But yum does not seem to be able to install anything later than 1.8.5.
So now I'm trying to do this manually.
I downloaded Ruby 1.9.2 to my home directory and followed these instructions: http://howboring.com/post/1226760251/centos-5-and-rails-3-and-ruby-1-9-2
This seems to work, but the problem is ruby1.9.2 is installed in my home directory (i.e. ~/ruby1.9.3 not system wide.
Thus in the directory where I installed ruby 1.9.2 ruby -v still gives 1.8.5 but ./ruby -v returns 1.9.2. And which ruby returns /usr/bin/ruby (I suppose I could replace this with a symlink that points to ~/ruby1.9.2/ruby but this doesn't seem like a "best practice")
So my main question is where should install ruby 1.9.2 with Root Permissions so that 1.8.5 is replaced with 1.9.2 system wide.
My corollary question is: is there any easier way to do this? (perhaps install sass without install rubygems??)
I then tried to install gem with yum yum install rubygem
You have a typo in the package name, it is actually named rubygems.
Can i suggest Wayne Seguins excellent rvm (ruby version manager). As the home page states:
"RVM is a command-line tool which allows you to easily install, manage, and work with multiple ruby environments from interpreters to sets of gems".
Site has comprehensive installation instructions. I've posted a truncated Set of instructions for installing on POSIX systems below, but please refer to the projects' home page as:
"we have spent massive amounts of man hours debugging the installation process. Please use the install process(es) from this site only, as this is the only supported installation types and methods."
Install RVM (development version):
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash
Close out your current shell or terminal session and open a new one (preferred). You may load RVM with the following command:
user$ source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
test the installation was successful:
user$ type rvm | head -n 1
this should output "rvm is a function"
List all known rubies:
rvm list known //this will output a large list of rubies shortened here
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-p374]
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p320]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p545]
[ruby-]2.0.0-p353
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p451]
[ruby-]2.1[.1]
[ruby-]2.1-head
ruby-head
...
install the version you want:
rvm install 1.9.2
You can set a version of Ruby to use as the default for new shells. Note that this overrides the 'system' ruby:
rvm use 2.1 --default
You can also temporarily use another version of your ruby versions
rvm list known //lists system available rubies
Choose to use another ruby
rvm use 1.9.3
RVM is a great tool, well documented, and actively developed, it handles a wider scope of functionality than i can list here, and it's a tool I use everyday.
You can use rbenv to install ruby and rubygems that you need
https://gist.github.com/jpfuentes2/2002954

How to install a gem or update RubyGems if it fails with a permissions error

I'm trying to install a gem using gem install mygem or update RubyGems using gem update --system, and it fails with this error:
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory.
Does anyone have an idea how to solve this?
Try adding --user-install instead of using sudo:
gem install mygem --user-install
You don't have write permissions into the /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8 directory.
means exactly that, you don't have permission to write there.
That is the version of Ruby installed by Apple, for their own use. While it's OK to make minor modifications to that if you know what you're doing, because you are not sure about the permissions problem, I'd say it's not a good idea to continue along that track.
Instead, I'll strongly suggest you look into using either rbenv or RVM to manage a separate Ruby, installed into a sandbox in your home directory, that you can modify/fold/spindle/change without worrying about messing up the system Ruby.
Between the two, I use rbenv, though I used RVM a lot in the past. rbenv takes a more "hands-off" approach to managing your Ruby installation. RVM has a lot of features and is very powerful, but, as a result is more intrusive. In either case, READ the installation documentation for them a couple times before starting to install whichever you pick.
You really should be using a Ruby version manager.
Using one properly would prevent and can resolve your permission problem when executing a gem update command.
I recommend rbenv.
However, even when you use a Ruby version manager, you may still get that same error message.
If you do, and you are using rbenv, just verify that the ~/.rbenv/shims directory is before the path for the system Ruby.
$ echo $PATH will show you the order of your load path.
If you find that your shims directory comes after your system Ruby bin directory, then edit your ~/.bashrc file and put this as your last export PATH command: export PATH=$HOME/.rbenv/shims:$PATH
$ ruby -v shows you what version of Ruby you are using
This shows that I'm currently using the system version of Ruby (usually not good)
$ ruby -v
ruby 1.8.7 (2012-02-08 patchlevel 358) [universal-darwin12.0]
$ rbenv global 1.9.3-p448 switches me to a newer, pre-installed version (see references below).
This shows that I'm using a newer version of Ruby (that likely won't cause the Gem::FilePermissionError)
$ ruby -v
ruby 1.9.3p448 (2013-06-27 revision 41675) [x86_64-darwin12.4.0]
You typically should not need to preface a gem command with sudo. If you feel the need to do so, something is probably misconfigured.
For details about rbenv see the following:
https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv
http://robots.thoughtbot.com/post/47273164981/using-rbenv-to-manage-rubies-and-gems
Why don't you do:
sudo gem update --system
This will fix the issue on MacOS Mojave and Catalina in a clean way:
brew install ruby
Then set GEM_HOME to your user directory. On the terminal:
Bash:
echo '# Install Ruby Gems to ~/gems' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export GEM_HOME=$HOME/gems' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH=$HOME/gems/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
OR if on Zsh:
echo '# Install Ruby Gems to ~/gems' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export GEM_HOME=$HOME/gems' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export PATH=$HOME/gems/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
For me the problem was due to using rbenv and forgetting to set the proper version globally.
So I had to set it with rbenv global xxx
In my case I installed 2.0.0-p247 so I had to issue the command:
rbenv global 2.0.0-p247
rbenv rehash
Then all was working fine.
You need to correct your paths.
To determine if this fix will work, run the following:
which gem
This should output a directory you do not have permissions to:
/usr/bin/gem
To fix this perform the following steps:
Determine the path you need to copy to your profile:
rbenv init -
The first line of the output is the line you need to copy over to your profile:
export PATH="/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims:${PATH}" #path that needs to be copied
source "/usr/local/Cellar/rbenv/0.4.0/libexec/../completions/rbenv.zsh"
rbenv rehash 2>/dev/null
rbenv() {
typeset command
command="$1"
if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
shift
fi
case "$command" in
rehash|shell)
eval `rbenv "sh-$command" "$#"`;;
*)
command rbenv "$command" "$#";;
esac
}
Copy the path to your profile and save it.
Reload your profile (source ~/.zshenv for me).
Run rbenv rehash.
Now when you run which gem you should get a local path that you have permissions to:
/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims/gem
This worked for me. Plus, if you installed gems as root before, it fixes that problem by changing ownership back to you (better security-wise).
sudo chown -R `whoami` /Library/Ruby/Gems
Try nathanwhy's answer before using my original answer below. His recommendation of --user-install should accomplish the same purpose without having to muck with your .bash_profile or determine your Ruby version.
If you are not concerned about a specific ruby version, you can skip the heavy-lift Ruby environment manager options, and just add these lines to ~/.bash_profile:
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.0.0"
export GEM_PATH="$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.0.0"
The path is stolen from the original output of gem env:
RubyGems Environment:
- RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.0.14
- RUBY VERSION: 2.0.0
- INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
- RUBY EXECUTABLE: /System/Library/.../2.0/usr/bin/ruby
- EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/bin
- RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
- ruby
- universal-darwin-14
- GEM PATHS:
- /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
- /Users/mylogin/.gem/ruby/2.0.0 # <---- This line, right here. -----
- /System/Library/.../usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0
...
No sudoing is required, and you can use the already-installed Ruby, courtesy of Apple.
sudo gem update --system
sudo gem install (gemfile)
There are two routes: Use either rbenv or RVM. There are recipes for both below. Before you do, you probably want to turn off the installation of local documents for gems.
echo "gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc" >> ~/.gemrc
Then:
install rbenv
install ruby-build
run:
rbenv install 2.1.2 (or whatever version you prefer)
rbenv global 2.1.2
gem update --system
This installs an up-to-date version of the gem system in your local directories. That means you don't interfere with the system configuration. If you're asking this question, you shouldn't be messing with system security, and you'll spend longer understanding what issues you may run into, than just having an easy way to avoid the problem you started with. Learn InfoSec later, when you know more about the operating system and programming.
For an alternative use 'RVM' instead: To install rvm run:
rvm install 2.1.2
rvm use 2.1.2
gem update --system
This has the same result, you end up with a local Ruby and Gem system that doesn't interfere with the system versions. There is no need for Homebrew, or over-riding system libs, etc.
I found this how-to for sudoless gem:
brew install rbenv ruby-build
sudo gem update --system
add exports to .bashrc:
export RBENV_ROOT="$(brew --prefix rbenv)"
export GEM_HOME="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gems"
export GEM_PATH="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gems"
And finally add this to your ~/.gemrc:
gem: -n/usr/local/bin
gem update --system
sudo chown -R $USER /Library/Ruby/Gems/
I needed to do a rbenv rehash so it would point to my local Gem library.
It looks like you've got your gem manager pointing to the System Library, so, instead of messing with permissions, do the equivalent of "rehash" for your manager to get things pointing locally.
I had formatted my Mac and many suggested solutions did not work for me.
What worked for me are these commands in the correct order:
Install Homebrew:
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
Install Ruby:
brew install ruby
Install Compass:
sudo gem install compass
Older and wiser
Don't do what I say here, just know to be wary any time you use sudo. You probably want to use something like rbenv to isolate whatever work you're doing.
a way
learn about chown
I don't know if you like the command line, but this will make working on any project with any tool that installs packages to your system a breeze.
chown as far as I can tell, stands for change ownership.
The reason I came looking for this answer is because gem install threw this error at me today:
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions into the /var/lib/gems/1.9.1 directory.
This is a perfect opportunity to use chown. You see Ruby has given us the directory it needs access to, and it seems like it's a directory it will use pretty often.
In this case, there are only three things one needs to know to solve the problem, but chown is much more powerful, and grants you a lot more flexibility than I will demonstrate now. Please refer to the source at the bottom for more information.
The Two Things
Username
Directory
If you're in a shell finding the username is easy. Just look at the prompt. Mine looks like:
breadly#breadly-desktop:~\Desktop
The current user is just the name before the #. We know the directory from the error messages, but you have two choices. You can either limit your permission to the current version by using ../gems/1.9.1, or give yourself write permission for gems of all version by using ../gems.
The command to actually change ownership would look like this.
chown -R $(whoami) /absolute/path/to/directory
The -R is known as a flag and the -R flag typically tells a command to do something recursively, or in other words perform the command on every thing that is contained in the directory, and all the things contained in the directories contained within, and so on till there isn't anything else.
Work for me:
sudo gem uninstall cocoapods
sudo gem install cocoapods
Install rbenv by brew install rbenv;
Then put eval "$(rbenv init -)" at the end of ~/.bash_profile (or ~/.zshrc
of MacOS);
Open a new terminal and run gem install *** will work!
Check to see if your Ruby version is right. If not, change it.
This works for me:
$ rbenv global 1.9.3-p547
$ gem update --system
A 2021 solution (using rvm):
If you type which ruby in terminal, and it shows /usr/bin/ruby, you can try this solution.
install rvm
curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
install ruby using rvm
rvm install "ruby-3.0.0"
use your installed version of ruby
rvm use ruby-3.0.0
type which ruby again, which will show /Users/mac_user_name/.rvm/rubies/ruby-3.0.0/bin/ruby.
It's a new path to use ruby.
Tested on MacOS Mojave WITH SUCCESS:
Uninstall all your old ruby versions (let's say you have 2.00 and 2.3.0):
$ rvm uninstall 2.0.0
$ rvm uninstall 2.3.0
Install brand new ruby version:
$ brew install ruby
Set a default alias to your version:
$ rvm alias create default ruby
Reboot your system because this is the safest way your computer loads the new ruby version, recently installed.
AFTER you done above procedure, you can successfully run any gem command.
As pointed out by bobbdelsol, rehash worked for me :
==> which ruby
/usr/bin/ruby
==> rbenv install 1.9.3-p551
Downloading ruby-1.9.3-p551.tar.bz2...
-> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.3-p551.tar.bz2
Installing ruby-1.9.3-p551...
Installed ruby-1.9.3-p551 to /Users/username/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p551
==> which ruby
/Users/username/.rbenv/shims/ruby
==> which gem
/Users/username/.rbenv/shims/gem
==> gem install compass
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory.
==> ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin15]
==> rbenv global 1.9.3-p551
==> ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin15]
==> rbenv global 1.9.3-p551
==> rbenv rehash
==> ruby -v
ruby 1.9.3p551 (2014-11-13 revision 48407) [x86_64-darwin15.4.0]
==> gem install compass
Fetching: sass-3.4.22.gem (100%)
Fetching: multi_json-1.11.3.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-core-1.0.3.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-import-once-1.0.5.gem (100%)
Fetching: chunky_png-1.3.5.gem (100%)
Fetching: rb-fsevent-0.9.7.gem (100%)
Fetching: ffi-1.9.10.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Fetching: rb-inotify-0.9.7.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-1.0.3.gem (100%)
Compass is charityware. If you love it, please donate on our behalf at http://umdf.org/compass Thanks!
Successfully installed sass-3.4.22
Successfully installed multi_json-1.11.3
Successfully installed compass-core-1.0.3
Successfully installed compass-import-once-1.0.5
Successfully installed chunky_png-1.3.5
Successfully installed rb-fsevent-0.9.7
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.10
Successfully installed rb-inotify-0.9.7
Successfully installed compass-1.0.3
9 gems installed
Installing ri documentation for sass-3.4.22...
Installing ri documentation for multi_json-1.11.3...
Installing ri documentation for compass-core-1.0.3...
Installing ri documentation for compass-import-once-1.0.5...
Installing ri documentation for chunky_png-1.3.5...
Installing ri documentation for rb-fsevent-0.9.7...
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing ri documentation for rb-inotify-0.9.7...
Installing ri documentation for compass-1.0.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for sass-3.4.22...
Installing RDoc documentation for multi_json-1.11.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-core-1.0.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-import-once-1.0.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for chunky_png-1.3.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for rb-fsevent-0.9.7...
Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for rb-inotify-0.9.7...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-1.0.3...
You can change GEM_HOME. You have also under your home directory a gem folder to check it use
$ gem env
result is as follows. Unrelated parts are omitted.
...
- GEM PATHS:
- /Users/xxx/.gem/ruby/2.6.0
- /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0
- /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0
...
You can use your /Users/xxx/.gem/ruby/2.6.0 folder.
vim ~/.bash_profile
add the following line
export GEM_HOME=~/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/
After that you can use
source ~/.bash_profile
The issue for me was that I switched from zshell to bash earlier and was not logged in:
/bin/bash --login
Although I had rvm installed, it was not able to switch to my newly rvm-installed ruby version and was still trying to use the default Mac-installed ruby binary. Hence my confusion (user error!!!) and the continued permissions issues...
Steps to resolve issue:
Step 1: check and install cocoapods with home brew
brew install cocoapods
Step 2: This is most important, to resolve all the issues, installing
rvm package with stable ruby version, without this you will be
accessing ruby version inside System folder where you don't have
permission.
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
Step 3: Add rvm command path to .zshrc file to access it globally
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
Step 4: check if rvm is running properly inside command line globally
rvm --version
Step 5: Now you can install cocoapods package inside user bin as this will
access ruby file from rvm folder, without any permission needed.
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Step 6: Now you can check pod also by using below command
pod install
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0
[2022 Solution]
The detailed reason for the issues has been added here
Summary of the issue -> The issue was related to ruby access, M1 MAC comes with its own ruby. We don't have permission to use that for our purpose. Instead, we install a separate instance of ruby and use it for our purpose.
The below steps helped me resolve the problem, hope this might help some
We don't need to install ruby with rvn or chruby.
My solution uses homebrew to install ruby.
Open the terminal
Install ruby using homebrew
[for fresh install] brew install ruby
[for reinstalling] brew reinstall ruby
Check the path of ruby using the below command
which ruby
It should be installed in the below path
/usr/bin/ruby
To change the ruby path to the user path
To check which shell is used by your system
echo $0
-zsh
For zshrc
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >>~/.zshrc
For bash
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >>~/~/.bashrc
Quit and relaunch the terminal
After changing the path with step 5
Check for the path of the ruby again (execute step 3 - please make sure the path displays as given below)
/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin/ruby
[if you don't quit and launch the terminal, step 4 path will be shown]
This step may not be applicable to everyone can skip step 10 & 11, if you have the correct Cocoapods version installed
Check the version of the pod installed
pod --version
Uninstall the specific version of Cocoapods using the below command
In case the version installed is 1.11.0
gem uninstall cocoapods -v 1.11.0
Install the Cocoapods of the specific version
gem install cocoapods -v 1.11.0
Change the path to the Project directory cd {path of the project directory}
Install the bundler in the project directory
bundle install
Execute pod install
pod install
cd /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
open .
right click get info
click lock
place password
make everything read and write.
Installing gem or updating RubyGems fails with permissions error Then Type This Command
sudo gem install cocoapods
You can use: gem install cocoapods --pre --user
give the user $whoami to create somethin in those folder
sudo chown -R user /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0

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