I'm trying to make a method similar to attr_reader but I can't seem to get the instance of the class that the method gets called in.
class Module
def modifiable_reader(*symbols)
# Right here is where it returns Klass instead of #<Klass:0x1df25e0 #readable="this">
mod = self
variables = symbols.collect { |sym| ("#" << sym.to_s).to_sym }
attr_reader *symbols
(class << ModifyMethods; self; end).instance_eval do
define_method(*symbols) do
mod.instance_variable_get(*variables)
end
end
end
end
class Object
module ModifyMethods; end
def modify(&block)
ModifyMethods.instance_eval(&block)
end
end
class Klass
modifiable_reader :readable
def initialize
#readable = "this"
end
end
my_klass = Klass.new
my_klass.modify do
puts "Readable: " << readable.to_s
end
I'm not sure what it is you're trying to do.
If it helps, the spell for attr_reader is something like this:
#!/usr/bin/ruby1.8
module Kernel
def my_attr_reader(symbol)
eval <<-EOS
def #{symbol}
##{symbol}
end
EOS
end
end
class Foo
my_attr_reader :foo
def initialize
#foo = 'foo'
end
end
p Foo.new.foo # => "foo"
What I can understand from your code is that you want to have the modify block to respond to the instance methods of Klass, that's as simple as:
class Klass
attr_reader :modifiable
alias_method :modify, :instance_eval
def initialize(m)
#modifiable = m
end
end
Klass.new('john').modify do
puts 'Readable %s' % modifiable
end
About this tidbit of code:
def modifiable_reader(*symbols)
# Right here is where it returns Klass instead of #<Klass:0x1df25e0 #readable="this">
mod = self
...
Probably this can give you a hint of what is going on:
Class.superclass # => Module
Klass.instance_of?(Class) # => true
Klass = Class.new do
def hello
'hello'
end
end
Klass.new.hello # => 'hello'
When you are adding methods to the Module class, you are also adding methods to the Class class, which will add an instance method to instances of Class (in this case your class Klass), at the end this means you are adding class methods on your Klass class
Related
could you please explain me why the class variable cannot be accessed by attribute_accessors?
As i am trying here to have the list of all methods of all subclasses in one array it works a little different. It created array #method_names in every subclass with specific methods for every class ... so i do need to do a loop through subclasses.
What kind of variable/attribute is #method_names?
Thanks!
module First
class First_class
class << self
def info
puts "First_class method info."
puts #subclasses
puts #method_names
end
def inherited(subclass)
puts "#{subclass} located ..."
subclasses << subclass
end
def subclasses
#subclasses ||= []
end
def method_added(method_name)
puts "Method located #{method_name} ..."
method_names << method_name
end
def method_names
#method_names ||= []
end
end
def initialize
puts "Instance of First_class is created."
end
def first_method
end
end
class Second_class < First_class
def self.info
puts "Second_class method info."
puts #subclasses
puts #method_names
end
def second_method
end
def initialize
puts "Instance of Second_class is created."
end
end
class Third_class < First_class
def third_method
end
def initialize
puts "Instance of Third_class is created."
end
end
end
First::First_class.subclasses.each {
|subclass| puts subclass
subclass.method_names.each {
|methodn| puts methodn
}
}
#################UPDATE#########
Ok, maybe I put the question incorrectly.
Basically what is the difference for ##method_names(class variable) and #method_names (instance variable) if i do not create the instance of object? After inserting more inputs into #method_names it still inserts into the same object_id. So what is benefit of ##method_names?
updated to answer updated question.
Classes in ruby can have class variables. However if you modify the class level variable, ALL instances will be modified. This is not recommended but will illustrate the point. But also see this answer
class Foo
##bar = 'bar'
attr_accessor :bar
def initialize
#bar = 'bar'
end
def class_bar
##bar
end
def change_class_bar string
raise ArgumentError unless string.is_a?(String)
##bar = string
end
end
a = Foo.new
b = Foo.new
# change the class variable ##bar
b.change_class_bar 'wtf?'
# see both instances are changed because objects are passed by referrence
print 'a.class_bar is: '
puts a.class_bar
print 'b.class_bar is: '
puts b.class_bar
# change one instance only
a.bar = 'only a has changed'
print 'a.bar is: '
puts a.bar
print 'b.bar is still: '
puts b.bar
run this and you should get output:
a.class_bar is: wtf?
b.class_bar is: wtf?
a.bar is: only a has changed
b.bar is still: bar
original answer left here
#method_names is an instance variable of an instance of the class from which it was instantiated. However it cannot be accessed for read/write unless those attributes are defined with getter or setter methods defined.
ff = First::First_class.new
Instance of First_class is created.
=> #<First::First_class:0x00007fde5a6867b8>
ff.method_names
NoMethodError: undefined method `method_names' for #<First::First_class:0x00007fde5a6867b8>
Did you mean? methods
Now if you call ff.methods you will see all methods defined through standard Ruby inheritance.
As a side note, class names in Ruby conventionally use PascalCase see PascalCase. Mixed_case is discouraged.
I have a class that was built for subclassing.
class A
def initialize(name)
end
def some
# to define in subclass
end
end
# usage
p A.new('foo').some
#=> nil
In my use case, I don't want to create a subclass since I need just one instance. Therefore, I'll change the initialize method to support the following usage.
p A.new('foo') { 'YEAH' }.some
#=> YEAH
How could I support the usage above?
BTW: I found the following solutions for a Ruby 1.8.7 project, but they look awkward to me.
class A
def singleton_class
class << self; self; end
end
def initialize(name, &block)
#name = name
self.singleton_class.send(:define_method, :some) { block.call } if block_given?
end
def some
# to define in subclass
end
end
You can store the block argument in an instance variable and call it later on:
class A
def initialize(name, &block)
#name = name
#block = block
end
def some
#block.call
end
end
A.new('foo') { 'YEAH' }.some
#=> "YEAH"
You can also pass arguments into the block:
class A
# ...
def some
#block.call(#name)
end
end
A.new('foo') { |s| s.upcase }.some
#=> "FOO"
Or instance_exec the block in the context of the receiver:
class A
# ...
def some
instance_exec(&#block)
end
end
Which allows you to bypass encapsulation:
A.new('foo') { #name.upcase }.some
#=> "FOO"
I'm trying to create a method that passes the caller as the default last argument. According to this, I only need:
class A
def initialize(object = self)
# work with object
end
end
so that in:
class B
def initialize
A.new # self is a B instance here
end
end
self will be B rather than A;
However, this doesn't seem to work. Here's some test code:
class A
def self.test test, t=self
puts t
end
end
class B
def test test,t=self
puts t
end
end
class T
def a
A.test 'hey'
end
def b
B.new.test 'hey'
end
def self.a
A.test 'hey'
end
def self.b
B.new.test'hey'
end
end
and I get:
T.new.a # => A
T.new.b # => #<B:0x000000015fef00>
T.a # => A
T.b # => #<B:0x000000015fed98>
whereas I expect it to be T or #<T:0x000000015fdf08>. Is there a way to set the default last argument to the caller?
EDIT:
class Registry
class << self
def add(component, base=self)
self.send(component).update( base.to_s.split('::').last => base)
end
end
end
The idea is pretty simple, you would use it like this
class Asset_Manager
Registry.add :utilities
end
and you access it like:
include Registry.utilities 'Debugger'
I'm trying to de-couple classes by having a middle-man management type class that takes care of inter-class communications, auto-loading of missing classes and erroring when it doesn't exist, it works but I just want to be able to use the above rather than:
class Asset_Manager
Registry.add :utilities, self
end
It just feels cleaner, that and I wanted to know if such a thing was possible.
You can't escape the explicit self. But you can hide it with some ruby magic.
class Registry
def self.add(group, klass)
puts "registering #{klass} in #{group}"
end
end
module Registrable
def self.included(base)
base.extend(ClassMethods)
end
module ClassMethods
def register_in(group)
Registry.add(group, self)
end
end
end
class AssetManager
include Registrable
register_in :utilities
end
# >> registering AssetManager in utilities
In short, you can't.
Ruby resolves the default arguments in the context of the receiver. That is, the object before the . in a method call. What you called the receiver should be the caller, actually.
class A
def test1(value = a)
puts a
end
def test2(value = b)
puts b
end
def a
"a"
end
end
a = A.new
a.test1 #=> a
def a.b; "b" end
a.test2 #=> b
If I were you, I would use the extended (or included) hook, where both the extending class and the extended module can be accessed. You can program what ever logic you want based on the information.
module Registry
module Utilities
def self.extended(cls)
#puts cls
::Registry.send(component).update( cls.to_s.split('::').last => cls)
end
end
end
class Asset_Manager
extend Registry::Utilities
end
I have a ruby class, and in one of the methods, it calls an external function, and pass in all instance variables, and continue with the return value. Here is the code:
class MyClass
attr_accessor :name1
attr_accessor :name2
...
attr_accessor :namen
def inner_func():
all_vars = ???? # how to collect all my instance variables into a dict/Hash?
res = out_func(all_vars)
do_more_stuff(res)
end
end
The problem is the instance variables might vary in subclasses. I can't refer them as their names. So, is there a way to do this? Or Am I thinking in a wrong way?
You can use instance_variables to collect them in an Array. You will get all initialized instance variables.
class MyClass
attr_accessor :name1
attr_accessor :name2
...
attr_accessor :namen
def inner_func():
all_vars = instance_variables
res = out_func(all_vars)
do_more_stuff(res)
end
end
You could keep track of all accessors as you create them:
class Receiver
def work(arguments)
puts "Working with #{arguments.inspect}"
end
end
class MyClass
def self.attr_accessor(*arguments)
super
#__attribute_names__ ||= []
#__attribute_names__ += arguments
end
def self.attribute_names
#__attribute_names__
end
def self.inherited(base)
parent = self
base.class_eval do
#__attribute_names__ = parent.attribute_names
end
end
def attributes
self.class.attribute_names.each_with_object({}) do |attribute_name, result|
result[attribute_name] = public_send(attribute_name)
end
end
def work
Receiver.new.work(attributes)
end
attr_accessor :foo
attr_accessor :bar
end
class MySubclass < MyClass
attr_accessor :baz
end
Usage
my_class = MyClass.new
my_class.foo = 123
my_class.bar = 234
my_class.work
# Working with {:foo=>123, :bar=>234}
my_subclass = MySubclass.new
my_subclass.foo = 123
my_subclass.bar = 234
my_subclass.baz = 345
my_subclass.work
# Working with {:foo=>123, :bar=>234, :baz=>345}
An example might be:
module SharedStuff
def has_foo
!#foo.nil?
end
class StuffGenerator
def initialize
# super can't work here
end
# Will return nil.
def try_foo
#foo
end
end
end
class NeedsSharedStuff < BaseSource
include SharedStuff
def initialize
super
end
end
class AlsoSharedStuff < OtherSource
include SharedStuff
def initialize
super
end
end
class BaseSource
attr_reader :foo, :bar
def initalize
#foo, #bar = get_foo, get_bar
end
end
class OtherSource < BaseSource
def initialize
super
end
def extra_stuff
# whatever...
end
end
I've lost my #foo and #bar attributes in the nested classes within SharedStuff. Is there a way to get it without resorting to this?:
module SharedStuff
def has_foo
#foo.empty?
end
def stuff_generator
StuffGenerator.new #foo, #bar
end
class StuffGenerator
attr_reader :foo, :bar
def initialize(foo, bar)
#foo, #bar = foo, bar
end
def try_foo
#foo
end
end
end
I know this isn't right because I still can't reach has_foo in the parent module.
I'm sort of new to using mixins and modules in Ruby, is there a way to arrange this to get the methods in SharedStuff and the instance methods of the classes that extend it inside of the StuffGenerator?
You can still inherit inside of modules. All I needed was the #foo and #bar attributes, so I just went to the BaseSource and got them. :D.
module SharedStuff
def has_foo
!#foo.nil?
end
class StuffGenerator < BaseSource
def initialize
super
end
# Will return foo.
def try_foo
#foo
end
end
end