Mimicking SQL Insert Trigger with LINQ-to-SQL - linq

Using LINQ-to-SQL, I would like to automatically create child records when inserting the parent entity. Basically, mimicking how an SQL Insert trigger would work, but in-code so that some additional processing can be done.
The parent has an association to the child, but it seems that I cannot simply add new child records during the DataContext's SubmitChanges().
For example,
public partial class Parent
{
partial void OnValidate(System.Data.Linq.ChangeAction action)
{
if(action == System.Data.Linq.ChangeAction.Insert)
{
Child c = new Child();
... set properties ...
this.Childs.Add(c);
}
}
}
This would be ideal, but unfortunately the newly created Child record is not inserted to the database. Makes sense, since the DataContext has a list of objects/statements and probably doesn't like new items being added in the middle of it.
Similarly, intercepting the partial void InsertParent(Parent instance) function in the DataContext and attempting to add the Child record yields the same result - no errors, but nothing added to the database.
Is there any way to get this sort of behaviour without adding code to the presentation layer?
Update:
Both the OnValidate() and InsertParent() functions are called from the DataContext's SubmitChanges() function. I suspect this is the inherent difficulty with what I'm trying to do - the DataContext will not allow additional objects to be inserted (e.g. through InsertOnSubmit()) while it is in the process of submitting the existing changes to the database.
Ideally I would like to keep everything under one Transaction so that, if any errors occur during the insert/update, nothing is actually changed in the database. Hence my attempts to mimic the SQL Trigger functionality, allowing the child records to be automatically inserted through a single call to the DataContext's SubmitChanges() function.

If you want it to happen just before it is saved; you can override SubmitChanges, and call GetChangeSet() to get the pending changes. Look for the things you are interested in (for example, delta.Inserts.OfType<Customer>(), and make your required changes.
Then call base.SubmitChanges(...).
Here's a related example, handling deletes.

The Add method only sets up a link between the two objects: it doesn't mark the added item for insertion into the database. For that, you need call InsertOnSubmit on the Table<Child> instance contained within your DataContext. The trouble, of course, is that there's no innate way to access your DataContext from the method you describe.
You do have access to it by implementing InsertParent in your DataContext, so I'd go that route (and use InsertOnSubmit instead of Add, of course).
EDITED I assumed that the partial method InsertParent would be called by the DataContext at some point, but in looking at my own code that method appears to be defined but never referenced by the generated class. So what's the use, I wonder?

In linq to sql you make a "trigger" by making a partial class to the dbml file, and then inserting a partial method. Here is an example that wouldn't do anything because it calls the build-in deletion.
partial void DeleteMyTable(MyTable instance)
{
//custom code here
ExecuteDynamicDelete(instance);
//or here :-)
}

Related

Entity Framework in detached mode with MVC application

I have started working out with Entity Framework (EF) for an MVC n-tier application. It would seem that very obvious that this being a web application (which is stateless), I would have to use detached object models. There is no ambiguity with doing an Add operation. However when doing an edit there are here are two ways
Fetch the original object in context, attach the updated object and
then save to database. Something like mentioned in answer to this
question
EF4 Context.ApplyCurrentValues does not update current values
Set individual modified properties explicitly using the IsModified property of individual fields of the object like
mentioned in this article
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj592677.aspx
Method 1 has disadvantage of having to load object into memory from database each time an update needs to be performed.
Method 2 would require having to manually pass which fields to be set as IsModified to true from wherever the object an be updated. So for e.g. for each object, I may need to create a boolean collection object for each field of the object.
e.g.
SaveEntity(EntityClass e, EntityStateClass ec)
{
context.Entry(e).Property("Name").IsModified = ec.NameState;
context.SaveChanges();
}
class EntityStateClass{ public bool NameState;}
I would prefer method 2 simply for the sake of performance but I am hindered by the n-tier architecture and repository pattern I am using. My Repository interface restricts save method for any object to be
SaveEntity(EntityClass e);
So I cannot pass the "state" object. Context class is not available and should not be available outside DAL. So I cannot set property outside. Is there any "proper" way to achieve this ?
Note: Self-Tracking Entity is also out of question since I cannot send entities with state to client (the browser) since I am intent on keeping the html lightweight.
EDIT: After a lot of thinking, I am trying to use following mechanism to keep track of modified state for each field in my domain class
Declare a partial class for entity class.
For each field that is updateable, declare a boolean property like "IsModified_FieldName"
Set the "IsModified_FieldName" property when the field is set.
However for this I need Entity Framework to generate explicit properties for me instead of implicit properties that it auto-generates. Does EF provide an handle to do this ?
Here is sample code of what I am trying to achieve
//Save Method for class EntityClass.
SaveEntity(EntityClass e)
{
context.Entry(e).Property("Name").IsModified = e.IsModified_Name;
context.SaveChanges();
}
//EntityClass is class autogenerated by EF
public partial class EntityClass
{
//This is auto-generated property by EF
public string Name {get; set;}
/* This is what I would like EF to do
private string name;
public string Name
{
get {return Name;}
set {
name = value;
//this is what I would like to do
this.IsModified_Name = true;
};
}
*/
}
//This is another partial definition for EntityClass that I will provide
public partial class EntityClass
{
//This property will be set to true if "Name" is set
public bool IsModified_Name {get; set;}
}
PS: It seems the information I have provided is not sufficient and therefore there are no responses.
I am using DbContext (Database first model)
EF auto-generates the class files for me. So each time I update my database, the class files are regenerated.
To your concrete question: The entities are generated by a T4 template and it should be possible to modify this template (which is in text format) to generate the entities in a way you want to shape them.
But I have a few remarks about your concept:
In a web application data are usually changed by a user in a browser. To have a definite knowledge what really has been changed you need to track the changes in the browser (probably by some Javascript that sets flags in the data (a ViewModel for example) when a user edits a text box for instance).
If you don't track the changes in the browser what happens? The data get posted back to the server and you don't know at the server side (with MVC in a controller) which property has been changed. So, your only chance is to map all properties that has been posted back to your EntityClass and every property will be marked as Modified, no matter if the user really did a change or not. When you later call SaveChanges EF will write an UPDATE statement that involves all those properties and you have an unnecessary overhead that you you want to avoid.
So, what did you win by setting individual properties instead of setting the whole entity's state to Modified? In both cases you have marked all properties as Modified. Exceptions are partial changes of an entity, for example: You have a Customer entity that has a Name and City property and a view that only allows to edit the Name but not the City and a corresponding ViewModel that only contains a Name property. In this case your procedure would only mark the Name property of the Customer entity as Modified but not the City. You might save here a little bit because you don't save the City property value to the database. But you still save the Name even if it didn't change.
If you use solution 1 (ApplyCurrentValues) you have to load the entity first from the database, yes, but it would only mark the properties as Modified that really changed compared to their values in the database. If the user didn't change anything no UPDATE would be written at all.
Keep in mind that you are only at the beginning to implement your concept. There are other changes to the data that can happen in the browser than only scalar property changes, namely relationship changes. For example a user changes the relationship from an Order to a Customer or you have a view that has an Order and a collection of OrderItems and the user cannot only edit the Order header but also edit the OrderItems and remove and add new OrderItems. How do you want to recognize when the data come back from the browser to the server which collection item has been added and which has been removed - unless you track all those changes in the browser and send tracking information back to the server in addition to the actual data or unless you reload the Order and OrderItems from the database and merge the changes into the original entities from the database?
Personally I would vote for option 1 for these reasons:
You can use real POCOs that don't carry additional tracking information. (BTW: I have some doubt if you aren't reinventing the wheel by implementing your own tracking that EF change tracking proxies provide out of the box.)
You don't need to track changes in the browser which can become quite complex and will require Javascript in every Edit view to write change flags into hidden form fields or something.
You can use standard features of EF without having to implement your own tracking.
You are required to load entities from the database when you want to update an entity, that's true. But is this the real performance bottleneck in a web application where data have to run through the wire back and forth (and reflection (which isn't really known as to be fast) is involved by the model binder)? I have nothing said if your database is remote from the web server and connected by a 9600 baud modem. But otherwise, your plan is not only premature optimization, it is kind of premature architecture. You are starting to build a potentially complex architecture based on "it could be slow" to solve a performance problem that you actually don't know of whether it really exists.

How to calculate figure's size including all sub figures (that have separate edit parts) in GEF?

I'm trying to draw diagram that contains a single entity which holds multiple elements inside.
My MVC structure looks something like this:
Model: contains EntityModel.java and ElementModel.java which represents my model objects.
View: EntityFigure.java and ElementFigure.java
Controller: EntityEditPart.java and ElementEditPart.java
I'm overriding getModelChildren() in EntityEditPart.java to return list of ElementModel.java so that is how GEF knows that an element "belongs" to an entity.
Since I would like to calculate my entity's figure size and include the embedded elements in this calculation, I cannot call entityFigure.getPreferredSize() during createFigure() in EntityEditPart.java since at this point - the elements figures do not exists (createFigure() in ElementEditPart.java is not invoked yet).
I'm looking for a place to set my entity figure after all child figures were created.
I though about overriding addNotify() in ElementEditPart.java, however, it is being called after creating a specific inner element and not after all elements created.
Any ideas?
Hope I was clear enough...
You can do it in an extension of
refreshChildren()
method of an edit part, since all the child creation is done in refreshChildren() of superclass's (AbstractEditPart) refresh method:
public void refresh() {
refreshVisuals();
refreshChildren();
}
Or, you can just extend
refresh()

Is Context.SaveChanges called automatically when an entity that is being tracked changes?

If an entities properties have changed in a controller action and Update/SaveChanges is not called, will that entity be updated automatically?
I am using EF 4.1 with a repository pattern. I handle all CRUD operations in my EfRepository class like this:
public void Update(T entity)
{
try{_context.SaveChanges();}
catch{//do stuff}
}
//etc.
In my application I have an ajax/ActionResult call that gets an entity from the db, performs some basic calculations, and returns a JSON object. To make a long story short I discovered a bug in a static helper I was using in my ActionResult that was changing a property value on my entity and not the JSON-model I was returning.
My action method has no Update methods yet my entity was being updated every time I called this action. Using Sql Profiler I confirmed an update statement that was tailored to update my entity and the one(1) property my buggy static method was changing.
I placed a break point at my Update method in my repository class and even though my entity was being updated by EF, MY Update method was never called. The summary for the interface method 'Find' (which is what I use) in IDbSet says,
Finds an entity with the given primary key values. If an entity with
the given primary key values exists in the context, then it is
returned immediately without making a request to the store. Otherwise,
a request is made to the store for an entity with the given primary
key values and this entity, if found, is attached to the context and
returned. If no entity is found in the context or the store, then null
is returned.
There are some real good example here as well.
I think given my entity was attached, the short answer to my question is 'YES'. But being somewhat new to EF I found this to be a very difficult bug to figure out as it still appears there some things going on under the covers that I could not track down. I hesitated in posting this as a question but thought someone more knowledgeable could expand on my assumed answer of YES and at the bare minimum help someone else who runs across this.
If an entities properties have changed in a controller action and
Update/SaveChanges is not called, will that entity be updated
automatically?
No, ef will only propagate your changes to the database on a SaveChanges call. Save only happens manually (IE you have to explicitly call SaveChanges).
What is really important to understand though is that SaveChanges saves all current modifications to the context. This means if you are sharing a context your changes will be saved when anyone (not just you) calls SaveChanges.

DBContext, state and original values

I'm working with ASP.NET MVC3 using EF and Code First.
I'm writing a simple issue tracker for practice. In my Controller I have a fairly standard bit of code:
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit(Issue issue) {
if (ModelState.IsValid) {
dbContext.Entry(issue).State = EntityState.Modified
.....
}
}
Question part 1
I'm trying to get my head around how the dbcontext works -
Before I've set the State on the dbContext.Entry(issue), I assume my issue object is detached. Once I set the state to be modified, the object is attached - but to what? the dbContext or the database? I'm kind of missing what this (attaching) actually means?
Question part 2
For argument's sake, let's say I decide to set the "Accepted" field on my issue. Accepted is a boolean. I start with it being false, I'm setting it to true in the form and submitting. At the point that my object is attached, what is the point of the OriginalValues collection? for example if I set a breakpoint just after setting EntityState.Modified but before I call SaveChanges() I can query
db.Entry(issue).OriginalValues["Accepted"]
and this will give me the same value as simply querying the issue object that has been passed in to the Edit....i.e. it is giving the same result as
issue.Accepted
I'm clearly missing something because the documentation says
"The original values are usually the entity's property values as they were when last queried from the database."
But this is not the case because the database is still reporting Accepted as being false (yeah, I noted the word "usually" in the docs but my code is all pretty much standard generated by MS code so....).
So, what am I missing? what is actually going on here?
The context can work only with attached entities. The attaching means that context know about the entity, it can persists its data and in some cases it can provide advanced features like change tracking or lazy loading.
By default all entities loaded from the database by the context instance are attached to that instance. In case of web applications and other disconnected scenarios you have a new context instance for every processed HTTP request (if you don't you are doing a big mistake). Also your entity created by model binder in HTTP POST is not loaded by that context - it is detached. If you want to persist that entity you must attach it and inform context about changes you did. Setting state to Entry to Modified will do both operations - it will attach entity to the context and set its global state to Modified which means that all scalar and complex properties will be updated when you call SaveChanges.
So by setting state to Modified you have attached the entity to the context but until you call SaveChanges it will not affect your database.
OriginalValues are mostly useful in fully attached scenarios where you load entity from the database and make changes to that attached entity. In such case OriginalValues show property values loaded from database and CurrentValues show actual values set by your application. In your scenario context doesn't know original values. It thinks that original values are those used when you attached the entity.

Updating a many-to-many relationship

I've asked the question a few different times in a few different ways and I haven't yet gotten any responses. I'm trying again because I feel like my solution is too convoluted and I must be missing something simpler to do.
Using EF 4.1, POCO, DbContext API, AutoMapper, and Razor in an MVC 3 application.
I have a many-to-many relationship between two of my entities: Proposals and CategoryTags. I can successfully map (Automapper) a Proposal to my ProposalViewModel including the collection of CategoryTags.
In my View, I use javascript to allow the user to add, update, and remove tags by dynamically creating elements, each one that stores the ID of the chosen tag.
I can successfully post my ViewModel back to my controller with it's CategoryTags collection populated (although only with the ID property for each CategoryTag).
When that ViewModel is posted back to my controller, I don't know how to get those tags from the ViewModel and add them to my Model in such a way that db.SaveChanges() updates the database properly.
The only way I've had any success is to disconnect the CategoryTags collection in mapping (by namig them differently), iterate through each tag and manually look it up in my context and then call the .add() method. This is sloppy for a number of reasons which leads me to believe I'm doing it wrong.
Can anyone offer any direction at all?
UPDATE:
For anyone who is interested, my functional code:
Dim p As New Proposal
Dim tempTag As CategoryTag
p = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map(Of ProposalViewModel, Proposal)(pvm)
db.Proposals.Attach(p)
db.Entry(p).Collection("CategoryTags").Load()
For Each ct In pvm.Tags
tempTag = db.CategoryTags.Find(ct.Id)
If tempTag Is Nothing Then
Continue For
End If
If ct.Tag = "removeMe" Then
p.CategoryTags.Remove(tempTag)
Continue For
End If
p.CategoryTags.Add(tempTag)
Next
db.Entry(p).State = EntityState.Modified
db.SaveChanges()
Return RedirectToAction("Index")
The only working way is doing this manually - you can read full description of the problem if you want. The description is related to ObjectContext API but DbContext API is just wrapper suffering same issues (actually DbContext API suffers even more issues in this scenario and because of that I will skip solution with manually setting relationships).
In short. Once you post your data back to the controller you must create new context instance and attach your Proposal and realated CategoryTags. But after that you must inform the context about changes you did. It means you must say context which tags have been added to proposal and which have been removed. Otherwise context cannot process your changes because it doesn't do any automatic merge with data in database.
The easiest way to solve this is loading current Proposal with related CategoryTags from database (= you will have attached instances) and merge incoming data into attached object graph. It means you will manually remove and add tags based on posted values.

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