How can I achieve the functionality given in ipconfig on Windows in VC++? I need to get local ip info of the machine, primary ip vs.
Well people, formerly I could not find something useful but I found the solution on this link.
// GetLocalIP.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <winsock2.h>
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
// Add 'ws2_32.lib' to your linker options
WSADATA WSAData;
// Initialize winsock dll
if(::WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 0), &WSAData))
{
// Error handling
}
// Get local host name
char szHostName[128] = "";
if(::gethostname(szHostName, sizeof(szHostName)))
{
// Error handling -> call 'WSAGetLastError()'
}
// Get local IP addresses
struct sockaddr_in SocketAddress;
struct hostent *pHost = 0;
pHost = ::gethostbyname(szHostName);
if(!pHost)
{
// Error handling -> call 'WSAGetLastError()'
}
char aszIPAddresses[10][16]; // maximum of ten IP addresses
for(int iCnt = 0; ((pHost->h_addr_list[iCnt]) && (iCnt < 10)); ++iCnt)
{
memcpy(&SocketAddress.sin_addr, pHost->h_addr_list[iCnt], pHost->h_length);
strcpy(aszIPAddresses[iCnt], inet_ntoa(SocketAddress.sin_addr));
//std::cout << aszIPAddresses[iCnt] << endln;
}
// Cleanup
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
Related
I am testing getnameinfo on Windows 11 with the following simple code. The network device name shows up in the router device table and also with a network scanner app on my phone.
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// link with ws2_32.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
int __cdecl main(int argc, char** argv)
{
//-----------------------------------------
// Declare and initialize variables
WSADATA wsaData = { 0 };
int iResult = 0;
DWORD dwRetval;
struct sockaddr_in saGNI;
char hostname[NI_MAXHOST];
char servInfo[NI_MAXSERV];
u_short port = 27015;
// Validate the parameters
if (argc != 2) {
printf("usage: %s IPv4 address\n", argv[0]);
printf(" to return hostname\n");
printf(" %s 127.0.0.1\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
// Initialize Winsock
iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != 0) {
printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
return 1;
}
//-----------------------------------------
// Set up sockaddr_in structure which is passed
// to the getnameinfo function
saGNI.sin_family = AF_INET;
saGNI.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
saGNI.sin_port = htons(port);
//-----------------------------------------
// Call getnameinfo
dwRetval = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&saGNI,
sizeof(struct sockaddr),
hostname,
NI_MAXHOST, servInfo, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NAMEREQD);
if (dwRetval != 0) {
printf("getnameinfo failed with error # %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 1;
}
else {
printf("getnameinfo returned hostname = %s\n", hostname);
return 0;
}
}
The function does not return a host name. Is there an mistake in the above code or is there a better/more reliable way of getting the name of the network device?
i am new in linux kernel module developpement and i am searching for sharing a memory segment from kernel module to user space process to escape latency of copying data.
i am using the sys v shared memory api, when i share memory between two process it's work fine, but i am not able to share memory between process and kernel module.
bellow is my code of the kernel module and the user space app
server side : module
#include <linux/module.h> // init_module, cleanup_module //
#include <linux/kernel.h> // KERN_INFO //
#include <linux/types.h> // uint64_t //
#include <linux/kthread.h> // kthread_run, kthread_stop //
#include <linux/delay.h> // msleep_interruptible //
#include <linux/syscalls.h> // sys_shmget //
#define BUFSIZE 100
#define SHMSZ BUFSIZE*sizeof(char)
key_t KEY = 5678;
static struct task_struct *shm_task = NULL;
static char *shm = NULL;
static int shmid;
static int run_thread( void *data )
{
char strAux[BUFSIZE];
shmid = sys_shmget(KEY, SHMSZ, IPC_CREAT | 0666);
if( shmid < 0 )
{
printk( KERN_INFO "SERVER : Unable to obtain shmid\n" );
return -1;
}
shm = sys_shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if( !shm )
{
printk( KERN_INFO "SERVER : Unable to attach to memory\n" );
return -1;
}
strncpy( strAux, "hello world from kernel module", BUFSIZE );
memcpy(shm, strAux, BUFSIZE);
return 0;
}
int init_module()
{
printk( KERN_INFO "SERVER : Initializing shm_server\n" );
shm_task = kthread_run( run_thread, NULL, "shm_server" );
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module()
{
int result;
printk( KERN_INFO "SERVER : Cleaning up shm_server\n" );
result = kthread_stop( shm_task );
if( result < 0 )
{
printk( KERN_INFO "SERVER : Unable to stop shm_task\n" );
}
result = sys_shmctl( shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL );
if( result < 0 )
{
printk( KERN_INFO
"SERVER : Unable to remove shared memory from system\n" );
}
}
MODULE_LICENSE( "GPL" );
MODULE_AUTHOR( " MBA" );
MODULE_DESCRIPTION( "Shared memory server" );
client side : process
#include <sys/ipc.h> // IPC_CREAT, ftok //
#include <sys/shm.h> // shmget, ... //
#include <sys/sem.h> // semget, semop //
#include <stdio.h> // printf //
#include <string.h> // strcpy //
#include <stdint.h> // uint64_t //
#define BUFSIZE 4096
key_t KEY = 5678;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int shmid, result;
char *shm = NULL;
shmid = shmget(KEY, BUFSIZE, 0666);
if (shmid == -1) {
perror("shmget");
exit(-1);
}
shm = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if (!shm) {
perror("shmat");
exit(-1);
}
printf("%s\n", shm);
result = shmdt(shm);
if (result < 0) {
perror("shmdt");
exit(-1);
}
}
any suggestion or document can help.
System calls are not intended for being use by the kernel: they are for user programs only. Also, it is unlikely that is sys v memory sharing works for kernel threads.
Kernel and kernel modules have their own mechanism for interract with user
space. For sharing memory, your kernel module may implement character device and mmap method for it, which maps kernel's allocated memory to user. See example of such mmap implementation in Linux Device Drivers(3d edition), Chapter 15.
Disclaimer - I have to admit that it's the 1'st time I'm using this kernel interface (socket).
I'm currently working on a design of a kernel module that is based on a netlink socket .
I'm using Ubuntu14.04 and linux kernel 4.
As a starter, I wanted to make sure that I can use the netlink socket in both directions.
I've written an application that does the following:
1) User send a message to kernel via the netlink socket.
2) Kernel, upon receiving the message – sends "ABCD" string message to a workqueue.
3) When the "ABCD" message is received by the workqueue, it calls a function (named - my_wq_function) which send it back to the user space via netlink socket.
4) In the user space I'm using a recvmsg function (blocking until a message is received) and displays the "ABCD" message.
My problem is that the return value from the recvmsg function is 20 (instead of 4), and the data itself (i.e. NLMSG_DATA) is empty.
During the debug I tried to change the message to "ABCD1234" and got a return value of 24 bytes, however the data is still empty.
I also verified that my entire path until the point of sending the "ABCD" from kernel to the socket is OK.
Not sure what I'm doing wrong here & will highly appreciate your help.
Thanks in advance, MotiC.
my code example can be found below:
User space code:
printf("netlink receiver thread started...\n");
nlh_rcv = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
while(true) //endless loop on netlink socket
{
memset(nlh_rcv, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
iov_rcv.iov_base = (void *)nlh_rcv;
iov_rcv.iov_len = nlh_rcv->nlmsg_len;
msg_rcv.msg_name = (void *)&dest_addr;
msg_rcv.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg_rcv.msg_iov = &iov;
msg_rcv.msg_iovlen = 1;
ret=recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg_rcv, 0);
printf("errno=%i bytes=%i message from kernel: %s\n",errno, ret, (char*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_rcv));
uint8_t mymsg[100];
memcpy(mymsg, NLMSG_DATA(nlh_rcv), 100);
printf("message from kernel: %s\n",mymsg);
}
Kernel space code:
#include <linux/module.h> /* Needed by all modules */
#include <linux/kernel.h> /* Needed for KERN_INFO */
#include <linux/init.h> /* Needed for the macros */
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <linux/net.h>
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#include "rf_Kdriver_main.h"
//------ definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define NETLINK_USER 31
#define MAX_PAYLOAD 1024 /* maximum payload size*/
struct sock *nl_sk = NULL;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_out;
struct sk_buff *skb_out;
char buf_to_user[100];
int pid;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct workqueue_struct *my_wq;
typedef struct {
struct work_struct my_work;
uint8_t msg_to_pc[128];
uint8_t msg_len;
} my_work_t;
my_work_t *work, *work2;
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void my_wq_function( struct work_struct *work)
{
int res;
my_work_t *my_work = (my_work_t *)work;
skb_out = nlmsg_new(my_work->msg_len,0);
if (!skb_out)
{
printk("Failed to allocate new skb\n");
return;
}
nlh_out = nlmsg_put(skb_out, 0, 0, NLMSG_DONE,my_work->msg_len, 0);
NETLINK_CB(skb_out).dst_group = 0;
memcpy((char*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_out), my_work->msg_to_pc , my_work->msg_len);
printk( "dequeue message to pc=%s len=%i\n", (char*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_out), (int)strlen((char*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_out)));
res = nlmsg_unicast(nl_sk, skb_out, pid);
if (res<0)
printk("Failed to send message from kernel to user\n");
kfree( (void *)work );
return;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int send_up_msg_to_workque(uint8_t msg_to_pc[], uint8_t msg_len)
{
int ret=0;
work = (my_work_t *)kmalloc(sizeof(my_work_t), GFP_KERNEL);
if (work) {
INIT_WORK( (struct work_struct *)work, my_wq_function );
memcpy(work->msg_to_pc, msg_to_pc, msg_len);
work->msg_len = msg_len;
ret = queue_work( my_wq, /*(struct work_struct *)RR*/work );
printk("kuku ret=%i msg=%s\n",ret,work->msg_to_pc);
}
return ret;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void netlink_recv_msg(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
char *msg = "ABCD1234";
printk(KERN_INFO "Entering: %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
nlh=(struct nlmsghdr*)skb->data;
printk(KERN_INFO "Netlink at kernel received msg payload: %s\n",(char*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
//rr
pid = nlh->nlmsg_pid;
send_up_msg_to_workque((uint8_t*) msg, strlen(msg));
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct netlink_kernel_cfg cfg = {
.input = netlink_recv_msg,
};
static int __init rf_driver_start(void)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "Loading RF Driver module1...\n");
my_wq = create_workqueue("my_queue");
if (!my_wq)
{
printk("Failed to create work queue\n");
}
printk("Entering: %s\n",__FUNCTION__);
nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_USER, &cfg);
if(!nl_sk)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Error creating socket.\n");
return -10;
}
return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void __exit rf_driver_end(void)
{
netlink_kernel_release(nl_sk);
flush_workqueue(my_wq);
destroy_workqueue(my_wq);
printk(KERN_INFO "RF Driver exit...\n");
}
module_init(rf_driver_start);
module_exit(rf_driver_end);
Update,
I changed my user space function to:
char buf[100];
ret=recv(sock_fd, buf, 100, 0);
instead of:
ret=recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg_rcv, 0);
and it works...
does anyone have an idea regarding this strange behavior ?
Thanks.
Can you please paste complete userspace code.
I guess 'len' int this code is the issue:
memset(nlh_rcv, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
iov_rcv.iov_len = nlh_rcv->nlmsg_len; << check to what value is it getting initialized.
I ran into a problem trying to test an application under Application Verifier with Page Heap on. It turns out that gethostbyname API always fails even for legit host names like "localhost". The problem reproduces on every Win-7 or Server 2008 R2 I tried even for a very simple test applications using gethostbyname.
Repro steps: in appverifier check "page heap" and "UseLFGGuard..." checkboxes, run any app using gethostbyname(..).
Example of application code (prints "127.0.0.1" when appverifier is off, "getaddrinfo failed" when appverifier is on):
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
void
Exercise()
{
int i = 0;
struct hostent *remoteHost;
struct in_addr addr;
remoteHost = gethostbyname("localhost");
if (remoteHost == NULL)
{
printf("gethostbyname(localhost) failed\n");
}
else
{
if (remoteHost->h_addrtype == AF_INET)
{
i=0;
while (remoteHost->h_addr_list[i] != 0)
{
addr.s_addr = *(u_long *) remoteHost->h_addr_list[i++];
printf("\tIP Address #%d: %s\n", i, inet_ntoa(addr));
}
}
else
{
printf("unexpected address type\n");
}
}
}
int
main()
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult;
// Initialize Winsock
iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
return 1;
}
for(int i=0; i<1000; i++)
{
Exercise();
Sleep(1000);
}
return 0;
}
The most unusual thing is that I could not find anything in the internet. Is this a known problem? Any workarounds?
After performing the command "insmod demo_device" the modules listed in /proc/modules
**demo_device 2528 0 - Live 0xe02da000**
fp_indicators 5072 1 - Live 0xe02d2000 (P)
screader 22672 1 - Live 0xe02c5000 (P)
icamdescrambler 12912 0 - Live 0xe02b2000 (P)
icamemmfilter 16208 0 - Live 0xe02a4000 (P)
icamecmfilter 14992 0 - Live 0xe0294000 (P)
but "(P)" is not avail after that.
After firing the command cat /proc/devices the device "demo_device" is not listed there.
So my question is that: what (P) stands in (cat /proc/modules) and what could be the reason that the device is not listed in (cat /proc/devices).
Thanks in Advance !!
The source code is as:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include "query_ioctl.h"
#define FIRST_MINOR 0
#define MINOR_CNT 1
static dev_t dev;
static struct cdev c_dev;
static struct class *cl;
static int status = 1, dignity = 3, ego = 5;
static int my_open(struct inode *i, struct file *f)
{
return 0;
}
static int my_close(struct inode *i, struct file *f)
{
return 0;
}
#if (LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,35))
static int my_ioctl(struct inode *i, struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
#else
static long my_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
#endif
{
query_arg_t q;
switch (cmd)
{
case QUERY_GET_VARIABLES:
q.status = status;
q.dignity = dignity;
q.ego = ego;
if (copy_to_user((query_arg_t *)arg, &q, sizeof(query_arg_t)))
{
return -EACCES;
}
break;
case QUERY_CLR_VARIABLES:
status = 0;
dignity = 0;
ego = 0;
break;
case QUERY_SET_VARIABLES:
if (copy_from_user(&q, (query_arg_t *)arg, sizeof(query_arg_t)))
{
return -EACCES;
}
status = q.status;
dignity = q.dignity;
ego = q.ego;
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations query_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = my_open,
.release = my_close,
#if (LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,35))
.ioctl = my_ioctl
#else
.unlocked_ioctl = my_ioctl
#endif
};
static int __init query_ioctl_init(void)
{
int ret;
struct device *dev_ret;
printk("Before calling alloc\n");
dev=150;
if ((ret = register_chrdev_region(dev, MINOR_CNT, "demo_device")))
{
return ret;
}
else if((ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,0,MINOR_CNT,"demo_device")))
{
return ret;
}
printk("After alloc %d %d\n",ret,dev);
cdev_init(&c_dev, &query_fops);
if ((ret = cdev_add(&c_dev, dev, MINOR_CNT)) < 0)
{
return ret;
}
printk("After cdev_add\n");
if (IS_ERR(cl = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "char")))
{
cdev_del(&c_dev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, MINOR_CNT);
return PTR_ERR(cl);
}
printk("After class_create\n");
if (IS_ERR(dev_ret = device_create(cl, NULL, dev, NULL, "demo")))
{
class_destroy(cl);
cdev_del(&c_dev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, MINOR_CNT);
return PTR_ERR(dev_ret);
}
printk("After device_create\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit query_ioctl_exit(void)
{
device_destroy(cl, dev);
class_destroy(cl);
cdev_del(&c_dev);
unregister_chrdev_region(dev, MINOR_CNT);
}
module_init(query_ioctl_init);
module_exit(query_ioctl_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
And after inserting the module I am able to see these messages:
$insmod demo_device.ko
Before calling alloc
After alloc 0 217055232
After cdev_add
After class_create
After device_create
$
Make sure that Major Number of the device is not preoccupied by some other device file. use the following command to check the occupied Major Numbers
cat /proc/devices
Use the following code to capture initialization error in init function
int t=register_chrdev(majorNumber,"mydev",&fops);
if(t<0)
printk(KERN_ALERT "device registration failed.");
Use dmesg to look into kernel logs
Look at module_flags_taint() in kernel/module.c.
The 'P' flag merely indicated the other modules are proprietary. The reason your device doesn't show up in /proc/devices is probably because something is wrong with the initialisation, but we can't help you with that unless you show us code.
After perfroming make clean to the linux/application source code and rebuilding it again...make it works. Now after inserting the module the corresponding entry is visibe in the /proc/devcies file :)