I want to ask users to type in a password, but I don't want the chars to appear on screen as they type.
How do I do this in Ruby?
You can use the STDIN.noecho method from the IO/console module:
require 'io/console'
pw = STDIN.noecho(&:gets).chomp
If you're on a system with stty:
`stty -echo`
print "Password: "
pw = gets.chomp
`stty echo`
puts ""
There is a gem for such user interaction: highline.
password = ask("Password: ") { |q| q.echo = false }
Or even:
password = ask("Password: ") { |q| q.echo = "*" }
You want to make sure your code is idempotent... other solutions listed here assume you want to exit this chunk of functionality with echo turned back on. Well, what if it was turned off before entering the code, and it's expected to stay off?
stty_settings = %x[stty -g]
print 'Password: '
begin
%x[stty -echo]
password = gets
ensure
%x[stty #{stty_settings}]
end
puts
print 'regular info: '
regular_info = gets
puts "password: #{password}"
puts "regular: #{regular_info}"
This is solution for UNIX systems:
begin
system "stty -echo"
print "Password: "; pass1 = $stdin.gets.chomp; puts "\n"
print "Password (repeat): "; pass2 = $stdin.gets.chomp; puts "\n"
if pass1 == pass2
# DO YOUR WORK HERE
else
STDERR.puts "Passwords do not match!"
end
ensure
system "stty echo"
end
Similar answer as glenn but more complete: http://dmathieu.com/articles/development/ruby-console-ask-for-a-password/
Related
I'm trying this script to rename a series of files with unwanted characters:
$stdout.sync
print "Enter the file search query: "; search = gets.chomp
print "Enter the target to replace: "; target = gets.chomp
print " Enter the new target name: "; replace = gets.chomp
Dir['*'].each do |file|
# Skip directories
next unless File.file?(file)
old_name = File.basename(file,'.*')
if old_name.include?(search)
# Are you sure you want gsub here, and not sub?
# Don't use `old_name` here, it doesn't have the extension
new_name = File.basename(file).gsub(target,replace)
File.rename( file, new_path )
puts "Renamed #{file} to #{new_name}" if $DEBUG
end
end
I would like to be able to pass as a prompt argument the path of the directory that contains the files to be renamed, and then I modified the script as follows:
$stdout.sync
path = ARGV[0]
print "Enter the file search query: "; search = gets.chomp
print "Enter the target to replace: "; target = gets.chomp
print " Enter the new target name: "; replace = gets.chomp
Dir[path].each do |file|
# Skip directories
next unless File.file?(file)
old_name = File.basename(file,'.*')
if old_name.include?(search)
# Are you sure you want gsub here, and not sub?
# Don't use `old_name` here, it doesn't have the extension
new_name = File.basename(file).gsub(target,replace)
File.rename( file, new_path )
puts "Renamed #{file} to #{new_name}" if $DEBUG
end
end
get this error message:
renamefiles.rb:3:in `gets': Is a directory # io_fillbuf - fd:7
why?
When you pass an argument such that ARGV is populated the ruby interpreter will assume you mean Kernel#gets which expects a filename.
You should be able to fix this by using STDIN.gets so you would have
print "Enter the file search query: "; search = STDIN.gets.chomp
print "Enter the target to replace: "; target = STDIN.gets.chomp
print " Enter the new target name: "; replace = STDIN.gets.chomp
I have refined the code so that the file extension is not changed, and the directories are also renamed.
I have two problems left to solve:
-the passage of the path from argv (the path is not correctly recognized)
-I would like to recursively rename, even files in directories
path = ARGV[0]
print "Enter the file search query: "; search = gets.chomp
print "Enter the target to replace: "; target = gets.chomp
print " Enter the new target name: "; replace = gets.chomp
Dir::chdir('/Users/dennis/Documents/test/daRinominare')
Dir['*'].each do |file|
#puts file
if Dir.exist?(file)
directoryList = file
old_name = File.basename(file)
new_name = old_name.gsub(target,replace)
File.rename( file, new_name)
end
next unless File.file?(file)
old_name = File.basename(file,'.*')
extension = File.extname(file)
if old_name.include?(search)
new_name = old_name.gsub(target,replace) + extension
File.rename( file, new_name)
puts "Renamed #{file} to #{new_name}" if $DEBUG
end
end
Kernel.gets reads from ARGF, which acts as an aggregate IO to read from the files named in ARGV, unless ARGV is empty in which case ARGF reads from $stdin. ARGF.gets will generate errors like EISDIR and ENOENT if ARGV has entries which are paths to directories or paths that don't exist.
If you want to read user input, use $stdin.gets
(The difference between $stdin and STDIN: The constant STDIN is the process standard input stream, and is the initial value of the variable $stdin which can be reassigned to change the source used by library methods; see globals. I use $stdin unless I need to change $stdin and also use STDIN for another purpose.)
New to Ruby, and programming in general.
I am trying to write to a file and then print what I wrote to the file in the terminal.
filename = ARGV.first
script = $0
puts "Would you like to read the file?"
puts "If you want to, hit RETURN."
puts "If you don't want to, hit CTRL+C."
prompt = "? "
STDIN.gets
puts "Opening file..."
target = File.open(filename, 'w+')
puts "Reading file..."
puts target.read()
puts "Blank, huh?"
print "Write something: "; line1 = STDIN.gets()
print "A little more: "; line2 = STDIN.gets()
target.write(line1)
target.write(line2)
puts "Let's read it now."
puts target.read()
The code runs until I get to the last line, at which time the following error is thrown:
exl16_2.rb:26:in `read': can't convert String into Integer (TypeError)
from exl16_2.rb:26:in `<main>'
Not sure what this means within the context of what I am trying to do (print out what was written).
Not sure what's causing the error on your side, what Ruby version are you using? I tried w/1.9 and 2.1 and didn't get that. There are however issues with your code, try this:
filename = ARGV.first
script = $0
puts "Would you like to read the file?"
puts "If you want to, hit RETURN."
puts "If you don't want to, hit CTRL+C."
prompt = "? "
STDIN.gets
puts "Opening file..."
target = File.open(filename, 'w+')
puts "Reading file..."
puts target.read()
puts "Blank, huh?"
print "Write something: "; line1 = STDIN.gets()
print "A little more: "; line2 = STDIN.gets()
target.write(line1)
target.write(line2)
target.rewind()
puts "Let's read it now."
puts target.read()
If you read from the file after you wrote it, it will appear empty. The rewind call will make sure you're reading from the beginning of the file.
I have to read the contents of a remote file I have permissions to (sudo) read with
cat,less or tail.
I am going to be doing this in Ruby so I assume I should be using Net::SSH to do it.
The file is a log file so it can be quite big.
This is the code I am trying now:
require 'rubygems'
require 'net/ssh'
cmd = "sudo cat /var/logs/httpd/ACCESS_log.2012.03.23"
Net::SSH.start( "SERVER" , "USER", :password => "PASSWORD") do |ssh|
ssh.open_channel do |channel|
channel.request_pty
channel.exec(cmd);
channel.on_close do
puts "shell terminated"
end
channel.on_eof do |ch|
puts "remote end is done sending data"
end
channel.on_extended_data do |ch, type, data|
puts "got stderr: #{data.inspect}"
end
channel.on_data do |channel, data|
if data =~ /^\[sudo\] password for USER:/
puts "data works"
channel.send_data 'PASSWORD'
end
channel.on_data do |ch,data|
puts "in third"
puts data.inspect
end
end
channel.on_process do |ch|
puts "in process"
end
ssh.loop
end
end
When I run that I get the following output:
in process
in process
in process
data works
in process
in process
in process
in third
"\r\n"
remote end is done sending data
shell terminated
The log actually currently has a few thousand lines of data in it, because I can read it from the actual server using putty.
How do I get that out from channel.on_data ?
Thanks
I think you need to add a \n to the password you send. This works for me. Note, The place where I commented out the else clause, you could possibly get the info from there too, but it works as you have it, but with a \n in the password.
require 'rubygems'
require 'net/ssh'
cmd = "sudo cat /var/log/mail.log"
HOSTNAME = "myhost.example.com"
USERNAME = "me"
PASSWORD = "12345"
Net::SSH.start( HOSTNAME , USERNAME, :password => PASSWORD) do |ssh|
ssh.open_channel do |channel|
channel.request_pty
channel.exec(cmd);
channel.on_close do
puts "shell terminated"
end
channel.on_eof do |ch|
puts "remote end is done sending data"
end
channel.on_extended_data do |ch, type, data|
puts "got stderr: #{data.inspect}"
end
channel.on_data do |channel, data|
if data =~ /^\[sudo\] password for #{USERNAME}:/
puts "data works"
channel.send_data "#{PASSWORD}\n"
else
#puts "OUTPUT NOT MATCHED: #{data}"
end
channel.on_data do |ch,data|
puts "in third"
puts data.inspect
end
end
channel.on_process do |ch|
puts "in process"
end
ssh.loop
end
end
You are replacing a new on_data callback while executing an on_data callback. I haven't spelunked the internals of Net::SSH, but that could produce surprising behavior.
Try changing your code in your two on_data callbacks to be one, and see if that helps.
channel.on_data do |channel, data|
if data =~ /^\[sudo\] password for USER:/
puts "data works"
channel.send_data 'PASSWORD'
else
puts "in third"
puts data.inspect
if
end
As a side note, since you need sudo to read the logs, someone thinks they and that server are worth protecting. It looks like you're embedding passwords which give privileged access to the server in this ruby program. That implies anyone who can read the program gains the same privileged access. What will you do to limit access to the password in this program?
require 'net/ssh'
Net::SSH.start('host', 'user', :password => "password") do |ssh|
# capture all stderr and stdout output from a remote process
output = ssh.exec!("hostname")
puts output
# capture only stdout matching a particular pattern
stdout = ""
ssh.exec!("ls -l /home/jamis") do |channel, stream, data|
stdout << data if stream == :stdout
end
puts stdout
# run multiple processes in parallel to completion
ssh.exec "sed ..."
ssh.exec "awk ..."
ssh.exec "rm -rf ..."
ssh.loop
# open a new channel and configure a minimal set of callbacks, then run
# the event loop until the channel finishes (closes)
channel = ssh.open_channel do |ch|
ch.exec "/usr/local/bin/ruby /path/to/file.rb" do |ch, success|
raise "could not execute command" unless success
# "on_data" is called when the process writes something to stdout
ch.on_data do |c, data|
$stdout.print data
end
# "on_extended_data" is called when the process writes something to stderr
ch.on_extended_data do |c, type, data|
$stderr.print data
end
ch.on_close { puts "done!" }
end
end
channel.wait
# forward connections on local port 1234 to port 80 of www.capify.org
ssh.forward.local(1234, "www.capify.org", 80)
ssh.loop { true }
end
Latest Document 17.11.25
Good day everyone
I need to execute command on linux machine this command is interactive
command.
Interactive command means require input like [yes , no] or password
twice
my real case is.
I create a script execute commands and get the outputs successfully.
but some servers has Loging password expired so I need to interact with
server to send the current password + the new password(twice)
ssh userName#10.0.0.243
userName#10.0.0.243's password:
You are required to change your password immediately (password aged)
Last login: Sun Aug 7 13:15:40 2011 from 10.0.0.28
WARNING: Your password has expired.
You must change your password now and login again!
Changing password for user userName.
Changing password for userName
(current) UNIX password:
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
Notes::
I'm using Ruby 1.9.2
I've no problem in executing command in normal case
please, I have to avoid workarounds like (echo "pass" | ssh -S) to make me pass any other interactive situations.
I'm using 'net/ssh' libs
The Script is Attached http://king-sabri.net/files/LinuxHWScanner.rb
I tried "net/ssh/telnet" and it doesn't help
Some advises tell useing 'rake/remote_task' is the solution but I can't understand how it works in my case
if you need more simplicity, here a simple code if you make it works I thing it'll solve my previous issue
require 'net/ssh'
host = "10.0.0.106"
port = 22 # SSH port
user = 'root' # username
pass = "123123" # password
Net::SSH.start( host,user,:password => pass, :port=> port , :verbose => :error ) do |session|
puts session.exec!("passwd root")
end
Something like this?
Net::SSH.start('10.0.0.6', 'not_root', :password => "test") do |ssh|
ssh.open_channel do |channel|
channel.on_request "exit-status" do |channel, data|
$exit_status = data.read_long
end
channel.exec("passwd") do |channel, success|
if success
channel.on_data do |channel, data|
# Don't really need this callback actually
puts "got data: #{data.inspect}"
end
# You don't need this line if you're root
channel.send_data("oldpass\n")
channel.send_data("newpass\n")
channel.send_data("newpass\n")
else
puts "FAILED"
end
end
channel.wait
puts "SUCCESS" if $exit_status == 0
end
end
This one is dirty, but working for both upon premature on-expiration prompt and upon passwd issuing:
Net::SSH.start('localhost', 'not_root', :password => "test") do |ssh|
ssh.open_channel do |channel|
channel.on_request "exit-status" do |channel, data|
$exit_status = data.read_long
end
channel.on_data do |channel, data|
puts data.inspect
if data.inspect.include? "current"
channel.send_data("oldpass\n");
elsif data.inspect.include? "new"
channel.send_data("newpass\n");
end
end
channel.request_pty
# This will just safely fail if we have already a password prompt on
channel.exec("passwd");
channel.wait
# Will reflect a valid status in both cases
puts $exit_status
end
end
In OptionParser I can make an option mandatory, but if I leave out that value it will take the name of any following option as the value, screwing up the rest of the command line parsing.
Here is a test case that echoes the values of the options:
$ ./test_case.rb --input foo --output bar
output bar
input foo
Now leave out the value for the first option:
$ ./test_case.rb --input --output bar
input --output
Is there some way to prevent it taking another option name as a value?
Thanks!
Here is the test case code:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'optparse'
files = Hash.new
option_parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.on('-i', '--input FILENAME', 'Input filename - required') do |filename|
files[:input] = filename
end
opts.on('-o', '--output FILENAME', 'Output filename - required') do |filename|
files[:output] = filename
end
end
begin
option_parser.parse!(ARGV)
rescue OptionParser::ParseError
$stderr.print "Error: " + $! + "\n"
exit
end
files.keys.each do |key|
print "#{key} #{files[key]}\n"
end
What you want to do is not a good idea. What if you really have a file named "--output"? This is a perfectly valid filename on Unix. Every Unix program's option parsing works the way the ruby one is doing, so you shouldn't change it, because then your program will be arbitrarily different from everything else, which is confusing and violates the "principle of least surprise."
The real question is: why are you having this problem in the first place? Perhaps you're running your program from another program, and the parent program is providing a blank filename as the parameter to --input, which makes it see --output as the parameter to --input. You can work around this by always quoting the filenames you pass on the command line:
./test_case.rb --input "" --output "bar"
Then --input will be blank, and that's easy to detect.
Also note that if --input is set to --output (and --output is not a real file) you can just try to open the --input file. If it fails, print a message like:
can't open input file: --output: file not found
And that should make it clear to the user what they did wrong.
try this:
opts.on('-i', '--input FILENAME', 'Input filename - required') do |filename|
files[:input] = filename
end
opts.on('-o', '--output FILENAME', 'Output filename - required') do |filename|
files[:output] = filename
end
opts.on("-h", "--help", "Show this message") do
puts opts
exit
end
begin
ARGV << "-h" if ARGV.size != 2
option_parser.parse!(ARGV)
rescue OptionParser::ParseError
$stderr.print "Error: " + $! + "\n"
exit
end
In this case, the mandatory --output option is missing, so do this after calling parse!:
unless files[:input] && files[:output]
$stderr.puts "Error: you must specify both --input and --output options."
exit 1
end
OK - this works - the regular expression in the on() call allows any string as long as it doesn't start with a '-'
If I don't pass an argument to --input and there is another option downstream then it will take that option key as the argument to --input. (e.g. --input --output). The regexp catches that and then I check the error message. If the argument it reports starts with '-' I output the correct error message, namely that there is a missing argument. Not pretty but it seems to work.
Here is my working test case:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'optparse'
files = Hash.new
option_parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.on('-i FILENAME', '--input FILENAME', /\A[^\-]+/, 'Input filename - required') do |filename|
files[:input] = filename
end
opts.on('-o FILENAME', '--output FILENAME', /\A[^\-]+/, 'Output filename - required') do |filename|
files[:output] = filename
end
end
begin
option_parser.parse!(ARGV)
rescue OptionParser::ParseError
if $!.to_s =~ /invalid\s+argument\:\s+(\-\-\S+)\s+\-/
$stderr.print "Error: missing argument: #{$1}\n"
else
$stderr.print "Error: " + $! + "\n"
end
exit
end
files.keys.each do |key|
print "#{key} #{files[key]}\n"
end