<bean id="eddie" class="com.springinaction.Instrumentalist">
<property name="instrument" value="#{violin}"></property>
<property name="song" value="#{kenny.song}"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="violin" class="com.springinaction.Violin">
</bean>
<bean id="kenny" class="com.springinaction.Instrumentalist">
<property name="song" value="Kenny is a star,kenny is a star"></property>
<property name="instrument" ref="saxopone"></property>
</bean>
<aop:config>
<aop:aspect ref="audience">
<aop:before pointcut="execution(* com.springinaction.Performer.perform(..))" method="takeSeats()"/>
<aop:after-throwing method="demandRefund" pointcut="execution(* com.springinaction.Performer.perform(..))"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
In the above code,I am injecting song , instrument property of eddie bean using spring expression language. But, song property not injected properly..and i am getting the below error:
Exception in thread "main"
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'eddie'
defined in class path resource
[spring-config.xml]: Initialization of
bean failed; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanExpressionException:
Expression parsing failed; nested
exception is
org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException:
EL1008E:(pos 6): Field or property
'song' cannot be found on object of
type '$Proxy4' at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:450)
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:287)
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:189)
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:557)
at
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:842)
at
org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:416)
at
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
at
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
at
com.springinaction.Main.main(Main.java:10)
Instrument property is injected properly where as song property is not injected and this is happening because of aop only..
when i comment out <aop:config> it is working fine..
Anything wrong?
Did you try
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
...
</aop:config>
This way you get a dynamic subclass and the property should be available in the proxy created via Spring AOP.
The default behaviour of Spring AOP is to create a Java proxy for the interfaces, so the properties of any classes won't be accessible through the proxy.
Related
I am trying to use a EJB singleton bean inside of spring bean but somehow it unable to locate a this ejb and getting a message when run a server:
SEVERE: Exception while loading the app : java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'authenticationFailureHandler' defined in class path resource [spring-security-config.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'loginAttemptService' while setting bean property 'loginAttemptService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'loginAttemptService' is defined
Here is a EJB:
public interface ILoginAttemptService {
public boolean checkout(String username);
}
Here is implementation:
#Slf4j
#Stateless(name = "loginAttemptService")
#Singleton
public class LoginAttemptsService implements ILoginAttemptService {
..
}
In spring framework this is how i define a stateless bean:
<bean id="loginAttemptServiceBean"
class="org.springframework.ejb.access.LocalStatelessSessionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="jndiName"
value="java:app/osloproject-ejb/loginAttemptService"/>
<property name="businessInterface"
value="com.hospitality.hp.securitycommons.api.ILoginAttemptService"/>
</bean>
<bean id="authSuccessHandler"
class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler">
<property name="redirectStrategy">
<bean class="com.hospitality.hp.securitycommons.tools.spring.CORSCompatibleTwoFactorAuthenticationRedirectStrategy">
<property name="loginAttemptService" ref="loginAttemptServiceBean"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="authenticationFailureHandler"
class="com.hospitality.hp.securitycommons.tools.spring.AuthenticationFailureCustomHandler">
<property name="useForward" value="true"/>
<property name="defaultFailureUrl" value="/login.jsp"/>
<property name="loginAttemptService" ref="loginAttemptServiceBean"/>
</bean>
Can someone tell me why it unable to find the JNDI name of this EJB ?
try
<jee:local-slsb id="loginAttemptServiceBean" jndi-name="java:app/osloproject-ejb/loginAttemptService"
business-interface="com.hospitality.hp.securitycommons.api.ILoginAttemptService"/>
"jee" is Spring’s namespace.and also check the jndi-name value is correct
I have a portlet that I've created and I'm trying to use spring jpa in it for data retrieval. I'm using Spring version 3.2.14 and the spring jars that I need are deployed in my portlet's WEB-INF/lib folder.
On tomcat start up I keep getting the following exception:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'packagesToScan' of bean class [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean]: Bean property 'packagesToScan' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Does the parameter type of the setter match the return type of the getter?
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:1052)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:921)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:76)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:58)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1360)
... 39 more
If I attach a debugger to Tomcat I can see that it is using spring-beans.jar(version 3.0.7.RELEASE) that is in ROOT/WEB-INF/lib which has a know issue with 'packageToScan' in LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean in my bean definition:
<bean id="reportingEntityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>org.preptoolkit.exercise.reporting.model</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
I have tried putting spring-beans-3.2.14.RELEASE.jar in $tomcat_home/lib/ext and liferay still uses the 3.0.7 verion.
Liferay Version: 6.2-ce-ga4
So how do I get Liferay to use spring-beans-3.2.14.RELEASE.jar instead of the one ROOT for my portlet?
(I've been pounding my head on this wall for 3 days now)
UPDATE
Here is the full stacktrace:
13:26:55,702 ERROR [localhost-startStop-1][ContextLoader:206] Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'reportingEntityManagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/classes/persistenceContext.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'packagesToScan' of bean class [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean]: Bean property 'packagesToScan' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Does the parameter type of the setter match the return type of the getter?
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1363)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1085)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:516)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:455)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:192)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:567)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:895)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:425)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:282)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:204)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:47)
at com.liferay.portal.spring.context.PortletContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(PortletContextLoaderListener.java:85)
at com.liferay.portal.deploy.hot.SpringHotDeployListener.doInvokeDeploy(SpringHotDeployListener.java:85)
at com.liferay.portal.deploy.hot.SpringHotDeployListener.invokeDeploy(SpringHotDeployListener.java:41)
at com.liferay.portal.deploy.hot.HotDeployImpl.doFireDeployEvent(HotDeployImpl.java:227)
at com.liferay.portal.deploy.hot.HotDeployImpl.fireDeployEvent(HotDeployImpl.java:96)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.deploy.hot.HotDeployUtil.fireDeployEvent(HotDeployUtil.java:28)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.PluginContextListener.fireDeployEvent(PluginContextListener.java:164)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.PluginContextListener.doPortalInit(PluginContextListener.java:154)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.util.BasePortalLifecycle.portalInit(BasePortalLifecycle.java:44)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.util.PortalLifecycleUtil.register(PortalLifecycleUtil.java:74)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.util.PortalLifecycleUtil.register(PortalLifecycleUtil.java:58)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.util.BasePortalLifecycle.registerPortalLifecycle(BasePortalLifecycle.java:54)
at com.liferay.portal.kernel.servlet.PluginContextListener.contextInitialized(PluginContextListener.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4939)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5434)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1113)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1671)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'packagesToScan' of bean class [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean]: Bean property 'packagesToScan' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Does the parameter type of the setter match the return type of the getter?
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:1052)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:921)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:76)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:58)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1360)
... 39 more
There is a SpringHotDeployListener that tries to initialize Spring (with the library from Liferay) for every portlet app.
To turn that off for your webapp you will have to remove com.liferay.portal.deploy.hot.SpringHotDeployListener in the property hot.deploy.listeners in your portal-ext.properties.
If you use other portlet apps which make use of the Spring environment of Liferay, you will need to create an Ext Plugin and extend SpringHotDeployListener in ext-impl:
public class MySpringHotDeployListener extends SpringHotDeployListener {
protected void doInvokeDeploy(HotDeployEvent hotDeployEvent) throws Exception {
if (!hotDeployEvent.getServletContext().getServletContextName().equals("MyContextName")) {
super.doInvokeDeploy(hotDeployEvent);
}
}
// Same for doInvokeUndeploy
}
Use MySpringHotDeployListener insteand of SpringHotDeployListener in portal-ext.properties then.
For Spring Social version 1.1.0.RELEASE, I need to set up the applicationUrl for the ProviderSignInController, as my application (a Tomcat app) is hosted behind a proxy (Apache web server). According the Spring Social document, I set it up as below:
<bean id="providerSignInController"
class="org.springframework.social.connect.web.ProviderSignInController">
<property name="signInUrl" value="/accounts/login" />
<property name="signUpUrl" value="/accounts/signup" />
<property name="postSignInUrl" value="/accounts/profile" />
<property name="applicationUrl" value="${applicationUrl}" />
</bean>
However, when deploying the application, I get an exception in Tomcat catalina.out saying:
PropertyAccessException 1:
org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property
'applicationUrl' threw exception; nested exception is
java.lang.NullPointerException>org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
Error creating bean with name
'org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping#0'
defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml]:
Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating
bean with name 'providerSignInController' defined in ServletContext
resource [/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml]: Error setting property values;
nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested
PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1:
org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property
'applicationUrl' threw exception; nested exception is
java.lang.NullPointerException
at
org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:527)
Any suggestions please? Thanks.
It should be a bug with class ProviderSignInController in Spring Social version 1.1.0.RELEASE. In class ProviderSignInController, connectSupport is created after properties being set:
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
this.connectSupport = new ConnectSupport(sessionStrategy);
this.connectSupport.setUseAuthenticateUrl(true);
};
Therefore when method setApplicationUrl is invoked, connectSupport is still null.
Now when I configure it in the way shown below, it works. Or if I revert to version 1.0.3.RELEASE, it works fine too.
<bean id="providerSignInController"
class="org.springframework.social.connect.web.ProviderSignInController">
<property name="signInUrl" value="/accounts/login" />
<property name="signUpUrl" value="/accounts/signup" />
<property name="postSignInUrl" value="/accounts/profile" />
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="providerSignInController" />
<property name="targetMethod" value="setApplicationUrl" />
<property name="arguments">
<list>
<bean class="java.lang.String">
<constructor-arg value="${applicationUrl}" />
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
Follow-up
This problem has been resolved in Spring Social version 1.1.3.RELEASE. In class ProviderSignInController, method afterPropertiesSet has been updated to:
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
this.connectSupport = new ConnectSupport(sessionStrategy);
this.connectSupport.setUseAuthenticateUrl(true);
if (this.applicationUrl != null) {
this.connectSupport.setApplicationUrl(applicationUrl);
}
};
As a result, the workaround of configuration given above (by the way, would not work with Spring Social version 1.1.3.RELEASE any more) can now be simplified to:
<bean id="providerSignInController"
class="org.springframework.social.connect.web.ProviderSignInController">
<property name="signInUrl" value="/accounts/login" />
<property name="signUpUrl" value="/accounts/signup" />
<property name="postSignInUrl" value="/accounts/profile" />
<property name="applicationUrl" value="${applicationUrl}" />
</bean>
I am trying to integrate Groovy with Spring.
In one bean I would need to put in a list as property
However that only work if I define the item in list before the bean definition.
To avoid future errors...I would like to ask what is the mechanism behind compiling the context and causing the error?
The Item.groovy is a simple bean with field String itemName
My config is like
Not-working
<lang:groovy id="handler" script-source="ItemHandlerImpl.groovy">
<lang:property name="itemList">
<list>
<lang:groovy id="item1" script-source="Item.groovy">
<lang:property name="itemName" value="name1" />
</lang:groovy>
</list>
</lang:property>
</lang:groovy>
This throws
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'itemName' of bean class [org.springframework.scripting.groovy.GroovyScriptFactory]: Bean property 'itemName' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Does the parameter type of the setter match the return type of the getter?
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:1024)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:900)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:76)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:58)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1358)
... 70 more
After many attempts, this is my working config
<lang:groovy id="item1" script-source="Item.groovy">
<lang:property name="itemName" value="name1" />
</lang:groovy>
<lang:groovy id="handler" script-source="ItemHandlerImpl.groovy">
<lang:property name="itemList">
<list>
<ref bean ="item1">
</list>
</lang:property>
</lang:groovy>
I am trying to configure Atomikos in my Spring application. I am using:
Atomikos 3.7.1 (TransactionsEssentials)
Spring 3.0.2
Tibco EMS 5.1
Can some one give me the configuration details for the connection factory using JNDI for JMS and also details regarding Tibco EMS configuration?
I had tried the following:
<bean id="jmsTemplate2" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate" >
<property name="connectionFactory" ref="amqConnectionFactory" />
<property name="defaultDestination" ref="queue" />
<property name="sessionTransacted" value="true"/>
<property name="messageConverter" ref="messageConverter"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="amqConnectionFactory" class="com.atomikos.jms.AtomikosConnectionFactoryBean" init-method="init">
<property name="uniqueResourceName" value="XAEMS" />
<property name="xaConnectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory" />
<property name="poolSize" value="10" />
</bean>
<jee:jndi-lookup id="connectionFactory" jndi-name="emsConnectionFactory">
<jee:environment>
java.naming.factory.initial=com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsInitialContextFactory
java.naming.provider.url=tibjmsnaming://localhost:7222
</jee:environment>
</jee:jndi-lookup>
<jee:jndi-lookup id="queue" jndi-name="emsQueue">
<jee:environment>
java.naming.factory.initial=com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsInitialContextFactory
java.naming.provider.url=tibjmsnaming://localhost:7222
</jee:environment>
</jee:jndi-lookup>
But get this error:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'amqConnectionFactory' defined in file [C:\springsource\vfabric-tc-server-developer-2.6.4.RELEASE\spring-insight-instance\wtpwebapps\iRebal-Backend-Poc-Web-Integration-Final-xa\WEB-INF\classes\META-INF\spring\batch\jobs\priority-queue.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException: Failed to convert property value of type 'com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsFederatedQueueConnectionFactory' to required type 'javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory' for property 'xaConnectionFactory'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsFederatedQueueConnectionFactory] to required type [javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory] for property 'xaConnectionFactory': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:527)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:192)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:322)
... 39 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException: Failed to convert property value of type 'com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsFederatedQueueConnectionFactory' to required type 'javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory' for property 'xaConnectionFactory'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsFederatedQueueConnectionFactory] to required type [javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory] for property 'xaConnectionFactory': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl
This answer is too late for the OP, but for the sake of posterity:
The class you want is com.tibco.tibjms.TibjmsXAConnectionFactory.
It seems that in class com.atomikos.jms.AtomikosConnectionFactoryBean you have a field named xaConnectionFactory that its type (or its getter return type) is javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory. However, in Spring configuration file, you configured that field to be set with an instance of which type is com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsFederatedQueueConnectionFactory.
Apparently com.tibco.tibjms.naming.TibjmsFederatedQueueConnectionFactory is not convertible to javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory.