Convert source code to syntax highlighted image - syntax-highlighting

Question

Background
OpenOffice Writer lacks the ability to link to an ASCII text source file, apply syntax highlighting, wrap it in a frame, and update the frame contents whenever the source file changes. However, OpenOffice Writer can link to images, and will update the images automatically when they change.
Problem
The images need to be high-resolution (300 dpi or greater) with syntax colouring appropriate for a white background (i.e., a printed page).
Question
How can high-quality images be created automatically from source code files, such as:
SQL;
PostgreSQL functions;
Java;
bash scripts; and
R and PL/R?
Attempts
Most attempts have been a variation on the following theme:
$ enscript --color -f Courier12 -B -1 --highlight=sql -h -o - source.sql |\
convert - -trim -border 10 source.png
There are a few problems with this approach:
The resolution is lacking (using -resample and -density offer no improvement).
The syntax highlighting is unsuitable for a white page (can probably change enscript's colour theme).
Using Courier100 produces several .png files, which would need to be stitched together.
The -border 10 unexpectedly changes the background colour from white to lightgray.
Manual Solution
Converting the source files to PostScript -- avoiding ImageMagick altogether -- and then importing them into The GIMP will produce the desired results. Unfortunately, that solution involves a bit of manual work, and my GIMP batch programming experience is next to nil.

Answer 1

Software Requirements
The following software packages are available for both Windows and Linux systems, and are required for a complete, working solution:
gvim - Used to export syntax highlighted source code to HTML.
moria - Colour scheme for syntax highlighting.
wkhtmltopdf - Converts HTML documents to PDF or PostScript (PS) documents.
Ghostscript - Used to convert PS to PNG.
ImageMagick - Used to trim the PNG and add a border.
General Steps
Here is how the solution works:
Load the source code into an editor that can add splashes of colour.
Export the source code as an HTML document (with embedded FONT tags).
Convert the HTML document to a PS file.
Convert the PS file to a PNG file.
Trim the white border of the PNG and the overzealous source code border.
Add a border around the image, using the same background colour as the HTML document.
Delete temporary files.
Installation
Install the components into the following locations:
gvim - C:\Program Files\Vim
moria - C:\Program Files\Vim\vim73\colors
wkhtmltopdf - C:\Program Files\wkhtml
Ghostscript - C:\Program Files\gs
ImageMagick - C:\Program Files\ImageMagick
Note: ImageMagick has a program called convert.exe, which cannot supersede the Windows convert command. Because of this, the full path to convert.exe must be hard-coded in the batch file (as opposed to adding ImageMagick to the PATH).
Environment Variables
Add or update the following environment variables:
GS_LIB = C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.00\lib
GS_PROG = C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.00\bin\gswin32.exe
PATH = "C:\Program Files\Vim\vim73";"C:\Program Files\wkhtml";"C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.00\bin"
Batch File
Here is the batch source text:
#ECHO OFF
ECHO Converting %1 to %1.html ...
gvim -e %1 -c "set nobackup" -c ":colorscheme moria" -c :TOhtml -c wq -c :q
ECHO Converting %1.html to %1.ps ...
wkhtmltopdf --quiet --dpi 1200 %1.html %1.ps
ECHO Converting %1.pdf to %1.png ...
IF EXIST %1.png DEL /q %1.png
gswin32 -q -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dSAFER -dNOPROMPT ^
-sDEVICE=png16m -dDEVICEXRESOLUTION=600 -dDEVICEYRESOLUTION=600 ^
-dDEVICEWIDTH=4958 -dDEVICEHEIGHT=7017 -dNOPLATFONTS ^
-dTextAlphaBits=4 -sOutputFile=%1.png %1.ps
ECHO Trimming %1.png ...
move %1.png %1.orig.png
"C:\Program Files\ImageMagick\convert.exe" -trim +repage -trim +repage ^
-bordercolor "#f0f0f0" -border 25x25 %1.orig.png %1.png
ECHO Removing old files ...
IF EXIST %1.orig.png DEL /q %1.orig.png
IF EXIST %1.html DEL /q %1.html
IF EXIST %1.ps DEL /q %1.ps

Answer 2

Another option is to make use of catage, CodeSnap, PolaCode or carbon-now-cli.
CodeSnap and PolaCode are Visual Studio Code extensions, and it may be difficult to use them from the command line, but they are simple to use. Follow the instructions when installing them into your editor. This solution works for all operating systems supported by Visual Studio Code.
If you are using a Debian-based Linux distribution, and you have Docker installed, then you can create a catage Docker image using the following shell script:
#!/bin/bash
sudo docker build -t catage:local - <<EOF
FROM buildkite/puppeteer
USER node
ENV NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=/home/node/.npm-global
ENV PATH=$PATH:/home/node/.npm-global/bin
RUN mkdir /home/node/.npm-global
WORKDIR /home/node/app
RUN npm install -g catage
EOF
Similarly, a carbon-now-cli Docker image can be created with the following script:
#!/bin/bash
sudo docker build -t carbon-now:local - <<EOF
FROM alekzonder/puppeteer
USER root
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install git -yq
RUN yarn global add carbon-now-cli
USER pptruser
EOF
Use these Docker images in a shell script as follows, to generate PNG images from your code snippets:
#!/bin/bash
alias catage="sudo -E docker run --rm -it -v $PWD:/home/node/app catage:local catage"
alias carbon-now="sudo -E docker run --rm -it --init --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN --shm-size=1gb --user pptruser -v $PWD:/home/pptruser/app --workdir /home/pptruser/app carbon-now:local carbon-now"
catage --language java --no-line-numbers --theme Material --frame-title "My Code Snippet" --format png "my_code_snippet.java" "my_code_snippet.png"
carbon-now "my_code_snippet.java" --target "my_code_snippet" --headless
The Docker approach works for all operating systems supported by Docker. You may have to modify the above shell script examples according to the capabilities of your operating system, but the basic commands remain the same.