Developing using MVC-3, Razor, C#
Been searching around and cannot find advice I'm looking for. My site will contain user-uploaded images (possibly a high number). What is the best practice for managing these pictures (placement, breakdown into sub-folders, etc...)? Where do I place them that will prevent them from getting accidentally blown away if I republish my site periodically?
If there are any good articles or blog posts, that would be helpful. Also, any advice/tips anyone wants to add would be great.
Thanks for your time!
Rob
EDIT
Also would like to know what people do to prevent hot linking.
A site that I run and has a high volume of images, has all of the images stored in a date folder structure. i.e. 2010/Dec/31/image.jpg
There are two reasons for this.
The first is the limited amount of DB space (200 MB) came with my hosting plan. Obviously if I had gigabytes of space I would have stored them in the DB.
The second reason is to keep the number of images in the folders to a minimum. Directory listings take longer with the more files that are contained in them so a new directory every 24 hours was my workaround.
Can you perhaps tell us more about what resources you have or how many images you estimate will be uploaded daily?
If you are using SQL Server 2005 or above you may use FileStreams. If the files are under 1MB in size you might even have better performance if you store them as VARBINARY(MAX). The best part about storing in the database is you may easily use transactions.
As for replication and backup you may use standard database replication and backup with the files.
If you have the space in your DB, then I recommend that, as backup/restore becomes much easier. If you have limited space for your DB, then a folder structure would work, though I would not store more than 1000 files in a single folder. So you'll want to come up with a solution that helps keep a folder from not holding more than 1000 images and folders in one place. If you think you'll have less than 1000 images per day, then a variation on what Sir Psycho suggested would probably work well which would be a folder for each year, then a sub folder under the year with month and day to store all the images for that day.
To answer your question about hot linking: your best bet is to check the referrer website (which should be found in the head of the request for the image) and make sure it's coming from your domain. If it's not, you can either not send back any information, or you send back an image that let's the user know they cannot see the image from the 3rd party site.
The header data can be spoofed, but odds are random visitors coming to the 3rd party site will not only not have done this, but probably wouldn't know/care how to.
Related
We have been having a bit of a nightmare this last week with a business critical XPage application, all of a sudden it has started crawling really badly, to the point where I have to reboot the server daily and even then some pages can take 30 seconds to open.
The server has 12GB RAM, and 2 CPUs, I am waiting for another 2 to be added to see if this helps.
The database has around 100,000 documents in it, with no more than 50,000 displayed in any one view.
The same database set up as a training application with far fewer documents, on the same server always responds even when the main copy if crawling.
There are a number of view panels in this application - I have read these are really slow. Should I get rid of them and replace with a Repeat control?
There is also Readers fields on the documents containing Roles, and authors fields as it's a workflow application.
I removed quite a few unnecessary views from the back end over the weekend to help speed it up but that has done very little.
Any ideas where I can check to see what's causing this massive performance hit? It's only really become unworkable in the last week but as far as I know nothing in the design has changed, apart from me deleting some old views.
Try to get more info about state of your server and application.
Hardware troubleshooting is summarized here: http://www-10.lotus.com/ldd/dominowiki.nsf/dx/Domino_Server_performance_troubleshooting_best_practices
According to your experience - only one of two applications is slowed down, it is rather code problem. The best thing is to profile your code: http://www.openntf.org/main.nsf/blog.xsp?permaLink=NHEF-84X8MU
To go deeper you can start to look for semaphore locks: http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21094630, or to look at javadumps: http://lazynotesguy.net/blog/2013/10/04/peeking-inside-jvms-heap-part-2-usage/ and NSDs http://www-10.lotus.com/ldd/dominowiki.nsf/dx/Using_NSD_A_Practical_Guide/$file/HND202%20-%20LAB.pdf and garbage collector Best setting for HTTPJVMMaxHeapSize in Domino 8.5.3 64 Bit.
This presentation gives a good overview of Domino troubleshooting (among many others on the web).
Ok so we resolved the performance issues by doing a number of things. I'll list the changes we did in order of the improvement gained, starting with the simple tweaks that weren't really noticeable.
Defrag Domino drive - it was showing as 32% fragmented and I thought I was on to a winner but it was really no better after the defrag. Even though IBM docs say even 1% fragmentation can cause performance issues.
Reviewed all the main code in the application and took a number of needless lookups out when they can be replaced with applicationScope variables. For instance on the search page, one of the drop down choices gets it's choices by doing an #Unique lookup on all documents in the database. Changed it to a keyword and put that in the application Scope.
Removed multiple checks on database.queryAccessRole and put the user's roles in a sessionScope.
DB had 103,000 documents - 70,000 of them were tiny little docs with about 5 fields on them. They don't need to be indexed by the FTIndex so we moved them in to a separate database and pointed the data source to that DB when these docs were needed. The FTIndex went from 500mb to 200mb = faster indexing and searches but the overall performance on the app was still rubbish.
The big one - I finally got around to checking the application properties, advanced tab. I set the following options :
Optimize document table map (ran copystyle compact)
Dont overwrite free space
Dont support specialized response hierarchy
Use LZ1 compression (ran copystyle compact with options to change existing attachments -ZU)
Dont allow headline monitoring
Limit entries in $UpdatedBy and $Revisions to 10 (as per domino documentation)
And also dont allow the use of stored forms.
Now I don't know which one of these options was the biggest gain, and not all of them will be applicable to your own apps, but after doing this the application flies! It's running like there are no documents in there at all, views load super fast, documents open like they should - quickly and everyone is happy.
Until the http threads get locked out - thats another question of mine that I am about to post so please take a look if you have any idea of what's going on :-)
Thanks to all who have suggested things to try.
I have a website (.org) for a project of mine on LAMP hosted on a shared plan.
It started very small but now I extended this community to other states (in US) and it's growing fast.
I had 30,000 (or so) visits per day (about 4 months ago) and my site was doing fine and today I reached 100,000 visits.
I want to make sure my site will load fast for everyone and since it's not making any money I can't really move it to a private server. (It's volunteer work).
Here's my setup:
- Apache 2
- PHP 5.1.6
- MySQL 5.5
I have 10 pages PER state and on each page people can contribute, write articles, like, share, etc... on few pages I can hit 10,000 per hours during lunch time and the rest of the day it's quiet.
All databases are setup properly (I personally paid a DBA expert to build the code). I am pretty sure the code is also good. Now, I can make page faster if I use memcached but the problem is I can't use it since I am on a shared hosting.
Will the MySQL be able to support that many people, with lots of requests per minutes? or I should create a fund to move to a private server and install all the tools I need to make it fast?
Thanks
To be honest there's not much you can do on shared hosting. There's a reason why they are cheap ... they limit you to do stuff like you want to do.
Either you move to a VPS that allow memcache (which are cheaper) and you put some google ads OR you keep going on your shared hosting using a pre-generated content system.
VPS can be very cheap (look for coupons) and you can install what ever you want since you are root.
for example hostmysite.com with the coupon: 50OffForLife you pay 20$ per month for life ... vs a 5$ shared hosting ...
If you want to keep the current hosting, then what you can do is this:
Pages are generated by a process (cronjob or on the fly), everytime someone write a comment or make an update. This process start and fetch all the data on the page and saves it to the web page.
So let say you have a page with comments, grab the contents (meta, h1, p, etc..) and the comments and save both into the file.
Example: (using .htaccess - based on your answer you are familiar with this)
/topic/1/
If the file exists, then simply echo ...
if not:
select * from pages where page_id = 1;
select * from comments where page_id = 1;
file_put_contents('/my/public_html/topic/1/index.html', $content);
Or something along these lines.
Therefore, saving static HTML will be very fast since you don't have to call any DB. It just loads the file once it's generated.
I know I'm stepping on unstable ground providing an answer to this question, but I think it is very indicative.
Pat R Ellery didn't provide enough details to do any kind of assessment, but the good news there can't be enough details. Explanation is quite simple: anybody can build as many mental model as he wants, but real system will always behave a bit differently.
So Pat, do test your system all the time, as much as you can. What you are trying to do is to plan the capacity of your solution.
You need the following:
Capacity test - To determine how many users and/or transactions a given system will support and still meet performance goals.
Stress test - To determine or validate an application’s behavior when it is pushed beyond normal or peak load conditions.
Load test - To verify application behavior under normal and peak load conditions.
Performance test - To determine or validate speed, scalability, and/or stability.
See details here:
Software performance testing
Types of Performance Testing
In the other words (and a bit primitive): if you want to know your system is capable to handle N requests per time_period simulate N requests per time_period and see the result.
(image source)
Another example:
There are a lot of tools available:
Load Tester LITE
Apache JMeter
Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
See list here
My website http://theminimall.com is taking more loading time than before
initially i had ny server in US at that time my website speed is around 5 sec.
but now i had transferred my server to Singapore and loading speed is got increased is about 10 sec.
the more waiting time is going in getting result from Store Procedure(sql server database)
but when i execute Store Procedure in Sql Server it is returning result very fast
so i assume that the time taken is not due to the query execution delay but the data transfer time from the sql server to the web server how can i eliminate or reduce the time taken any help or advice will be appreciated
thanks in advance
I took a look at your site on websitetest.com. You can see the test here: http://www.websitetest.com/ui/tests/50c62366bdf73026db00029e.
I can see what you mean about the performance. In Singapore, it's definitely fastest, but even there its pretty slow. Elsewhere around the world it's even worse. There are a few things I would look at.
First pick any sample, such as http://www.websitetest.com/ui/tests/50c62366bdf73026db00029e/samples/50c6253a0fdd7f07060012b6. Now you can get some of this info in the Chrome DevTools, or FireBug, but the advantage here is seeing the measurements from different locations around the world.
Scroll down to the waterfall. All the way on the right side of the Timeline column heading is a drop down. Choose to sort descending. Here we can see the real bottlenecks. The first thing in the view is GetSellerRoller.json. It looks like hardly any time is spent downloading the file. Almost all the time is spent waiting for the server to generate the file. I see the site is using IIS and ASP.net. I would definitely look at taking advantage of some server-side caching to speed this up.
The same is true for the main html, though a bit more time is spent downloading that file. Looks like its taking so long to download because it's a huge file (for html). I would take the inline CSS and JS out of there.
Go back to the natural order for the timeline, then you can try changing the type of file to show. Looks like you have 10 CSS files you are loading, so take a look at concatenating those CSS files and compressing them.
I see your site has to make 220+ connection to download everything. Thats a huge number. Try to eliminate some of those.
Next down the list I see some big jpg files. Most of these again are waiting on the server, but some are taking a while to download. I looked at one of a laptop and was able to convert to a highly compressed png and save 30% on the size and get a file that looked the same. Then I noticed that there are well over 100 images, many of which are really small. One of the big drags on your site is that there are so many connections that need to be managed by the browser. Take a look at implementing CSS Sprites for those small images. You can probably take 30-50 of them down to a single image download.
Final thing I noticed is that you have a lot of JavaScript loading right up near the top of the page. Try moving some of that (where possible) to later in the page and also look into asynchronously loading the js where you can.
I think that's a lot of suggestions for you to try. After you solve those issues, take a look at leveraging a CDN and other caching services to help speed things up for most visitors.
You can find a lot of these recommendations in a bit more detail in Steve Souder's book: High Performance Web Sites. The book is 5 years old and still as relevant today as ever.
I've just taken a look at websitetest.com and that website is completely not right at all, my site is amoung the 97% fastest and using that website is says its 26% from testing 13 locations. Their servers must be over loaded and I recommend you use a more reputatable testing site such as http://www.webpagetest.org which is backed by many big companies.
Looking at your contact details it looks like the focus audience is India? if that is correct you should use hosting where-ever your main audience is, or closest neighbor.
I currently build a CMS system that need to save a lot of pictures per article. I have a lot of questions :-)
I need to show the pictures in a few sizes, with or without watermark. In addition I need to have the original picture too, for archive and admin purpose. What that I think to do right now is to save the pictures in the database, in two versions: 1. the original picture, 2. web-optimized version.
It is really convenient way to save all the images in a table. But does it really good idea? Let say that the database will contain a hundred of thousand pictures, the original pictures size is probably around 3MB. so the db can be easily 100TB size.... Is this really good strategy?
On the other hand, I save a smaller version to each picture. This version need to be shown in a few sizes, with and without watermark. Currently I think to do think to this in on each request. the request will have parameters width, and according to this I can decide the size and the watermark. (I'll cache this work of course). Again, Is this a good strategy? do it really gonna work, or this is very expensive extra work?
Is it really better to save this on the db? I mean each request to article, will need around 50 another requests to its images, and each request required open/close connection to the database.
Technologies that I going to use: .net, sql-server 2008, NHibernate.
The best approach would be storing those images in filesystem and ids on database. Because of performance and maintenance reasons. Backing up and restoring would be much easier on filesystem and pushing the DBMS for such a work is not the best idea, you will need to transfer them from db to application and then push to the client. I just believe that's not it's job. Put a lighttpd daemon or something for image hosting and leave it do its job.
But if you like the idea, since you are going with sql server 2008, you can use FILESTREAM to store your images in your tables. Eventually, it will create files in a storage location that you choose and store the binary data in filesystem while providing transactional features and data integrity, it is a big bonus. Take a look at that option. As I remember, that performs good and the actual database will be much compact.
About the dynamic resizing, I say avoid that. Storage is cheaper than CPU time, just create variety of thumbnails and watermarked versions upon upload time and store them once in somewhere then use when required. Do not perform same operations again and again. You may do that at first request to the resized version, this way it will be easier to add new versions or purging the cache periodically to remove unused files. You will also be able to backup just the original versions.
Putting the images in the database has a couple of advantages. ACID tanscations and backup consistency come to mind. If you absolutely need that then put the images in the database. As you pointed out, this comes with a price: you'll need a huge database infrastructure like machines, licenses, operation team. Each image retrieval is a huge DB I/O effort.
A lot of things will be much easier with only storing metadata in the DB and putting the image blobs on a filesystem.
Two approaches to come to a decison:
What is the killer feature you absolutely (absolutely like in "if I don't have that, the whole thing will not work at all") need from the image-in-database approach? If there is one, go for it
Do a back-of-the-napkin business case, calculating the total cost of the image-in-database approach (project efforts, infrastructure, machine, license, operation) and compare that with an image-in-filesystem approach. That should give some hints on how to proceed.
I am doing a web performance optimization using YSlow and Page Speed recomendations but when it comes to file sizes neither says anything about it.
Does anybody knows where I can get some recomendation of the max size of some file types??
For example images shouldn't be greater than XXX KB or something like that.
But i need reliable sources not just suggestions. I mean XXX did some research and they recommend this or that.
I never stumble on any recommendations rather than common sense. A lot of small size files create a chatter, big files slow you down and can time-out. It really is what performance tuning is for - run your tests for your particular setup, there's no magic bullet
When I first did web development (1998) Australia our recommended limit for the entire page size (including images) was 40 kB (who was that laughing?).
The scary thing is that for accessability, we still have to worry about dial-up users and so try to keep to this if we can (exploiting client side caching where possible).