I created a function in oracle that inserts records in specific tables and return an output according to what occurs within the function. e.g (ins_rec return number)
How do I call this function and see its output in sql plus
declare
x number;
begin
x := myfunc(myargs);
end;
Alternatively:
select myfunc(myargs) from dual;
One option would be:
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
EXEC DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(your_fn_name(your_fn_arguments));
As another answer already said, call select myfunc(:y) from dual; , but you might find declaring and setting a variable in sqlplus a little tricky:
sql> var y number
sql> begin
2 select 7 into :y from dual;
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
sql> print :y
Y
----------
7
sql> select myfunc(:y) from dual;
Related
Exec('select * from dual ' );
Showing invalid Sql query. Is it a valid query? If no, what could the reason and solution?
EXEC is a SQL*Plus command, used to run PL/SQL code (usually procedures).
But, if you insist on selecting from dual, no problem. Here's how: as it has to be PL/SQL, declare a variable and select into it. As DUAL has one column (named DUMMY), it'll work just fine:
SQL> var l_dum varchar2;
SQL> exec select * into :l_dum from dual;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print l_dum
L_DUM
--------------------------------
X
SQL>
What we normally do is
SQL> select * from dual;
D
-
X
SQL>
Your error? Single quotes, no variable to select into.
EXEC[UTE] IMMEDIATE must be used within an anonymous block or procedure.
For example:
Begin
Execute Immediate 'Select * From Dual';
End;
Here is a simple Youtube explanation:
https://youtu.be/47KzYVBNbIs
I have created a stored procedure in Oracle 11g:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE greetings(cnt OUT VARCHAR2)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO cnt
FROM SYS.all_tables;
END greetings;
but I am unable to call it.
I have tried the following code snippets:
EXEC GREETINGS();
EXEC GREETINGS;
CALL GREETINGS;
The procedure requires one parameter, so - provide it.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE greetings(cnt OUT VARCHAR2)
2 AS
3 BEGIN
4 SELECT COUNT(*)
5 INTO cnt
6 FROM SYS.all_tables;
7 END greetings;
8 /
Procedure created.
One option, which works everywhere, is to use an anonymous PL/SQL block:
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> declare
2 l_cnt number;
3 begin
4 greetings(l_cnt);
5 dbms_output.put_line(l_cnt);
6 end;
7 /
87
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Another one works in SQL*Plus (or any other tool which is capable of simulating it):
SQL> var l_cnt number;
SQL> exec greetings(:l_cnt);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print l_cnt;
L_CNT
----------
87
Regarding the call example, this is explained in EXECUTE recognizes a stored procedure, CALL does not. It's not obvious from the syntax documentation but it does require brackets, so it is (rather unhelpfully) rejecting the whole thing and giving the impression that greetings is the problem, when actually it is not:
SQL> call greetings;
call greetings
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06576: not a valid function or procedure name
while using the mandatory brackets gets you the real issue:
SQL> call greetings();
call greetings()
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06553: PLS-306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to 'GREETINGS'
As others have pointed out, you are missing the parameter.
SQL> var n number
SQL>
SQL> call greetings(:n);
Call completed.
SQL> print :n
N
----------
134
execute is just a handy SQL*Plus shortcut for the PL/SQL block begin xxx; end; which is less fussy about brackets and gives the same error message with or without them.
(variable and print are SQL*Plus commands and may not be supported in other environments.)
There's no problem with the procedure body. You can call like this :
SQL> var nmr number;
SQL> exec greetings(:nmr);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
nmr
------------------------------------------
306 -- > <a numeric value returns in string format>
Oracle doesn't care assigning a numeric value to a string. The execution prints the result directly, but whenever you want you can recall that value of variable(nmr) again, and print as
SQL> print nmr
nmr
---------
306
I have to do a procedure that add plus 1 to the previous value every time its is called in PL/SQL language. But I don't know how to do that.
I mean, if the procedure is call "plus1":
First execution:
exec plus1
will return value 1.
Second execution:
exec plus1
will return value 2.
And go on
The best way is to create a sequence, as noticed in comments:
create sequence my_seq;
To call the sequence in PL/SQL:
my_var := my_seq.nextval;
To call in SQL:
select t.*, my_seq.nextval from table t;
In the SQL query, a new value will be generated for each line.
If you don't need a sequence, and you don't need to store the value between sessions, create a package:
create or replace package my_package as
function get_next_value return number;
end my_package;
/
create or replace package body my_package as
current_num number := 0;
function get_next_value return number is
begin
current_num := current_num + 1;
return current_num;
end;
end my_package;
/
And then call my_package.get_next_value.
It is not entirely clear what you need. Here is one approach, assuming you need a session variable, initialized to zero at the start of the session, which you can call as needed, and is increased only when a procedure is executed. This is different from a function that increments the variable and returns it at the same time.
If you need to access the variable in SQL (rather than just in PL/SQL), you need to write a wrapper function that returns the value; I included the wrapper function in the code below.
create or replace package silly_p as
v number := 0;
function show_v return number;
procedure increment_v;
end;
/
create or replace package body silly_p as
function show_v return number is
begin
return v;
end show_v;
procedure increment_v is
begin
v := v+1;
end increment_v;
end silly_p;
/
Here is a SQL*Session demonstrating the compilation of this package and then its use - I access the variable both through SQL SELECT and from PL/SQL (with DBMS_OUTPUT) to demonstrate both access methods. Notice how the value is unchanged between calls to the procedure, and increases by one every time the procedure is executed.
SQL> create or replace package silly_p as
2 v number := 0;
3 function show_v return number;
4 procedure increment_v;
5 end;
6 /
Package created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
SQL>
SQL> create or replace package body silly_p as
2 function show_v return number is
3 begin
4 return v;
5 end show_v;
6 procedure increment_v is
7 begin
8 v := v+1;
9 end increment_v;
10 end silly_p;
11 /
Package body created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
SQL> select silly_p.show_v from dual;
SHOW_V
----------
0
1 row selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line(silly_p.v)
0
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
SQL> exec silly_p.increment_v
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.04
SQL> select silly_p.show_v from dual;
SHOW_V
----------
1
1 row selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.14
SQL> exec silly_p.increment_v
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line(silly_p.v)
2
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
SQL>
I've answered a similar question recently (have a look here); basically, you need to store current value somewhere (a table might be a good choice) and create a function (or, in your case, a procedure) that returns the next number.
How to convert the function I wrote to a procedure? Use it as a wrapper.
Here's the whole example:
SQL> CREATE TABLE broj (redni_br NUMBER NOT NULL);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_get_broj
2 RETURN NUMBER
3 IS
4 PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
5 l_redni_br broj.redni_br%TYPE;
6 BEGIN
7 SELECT b.redni_br + 1
8 INTO l_redni_br
9 FROM broj b
10 FOR UPDATE OF b.redni_br;
11
12 UPDATE broj b
13 SET b.redni_br = l_redni_br;
14
15 COMMIT;
16 RETURN (l_redni_br);
17 EXCEPTION
18 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND
19 THEN
20 LOCK TABLE broj IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;
21
22 INSERT INTO broj (redni_br)
23 VALUES (1);
24
25 COMMIT;
26 RETURN (1);
27 END f_get_broj;
28 /
Function created.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE PROCEDURE p_get_Broj
2 AS
3 BEGIN
4 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (f_get_broj);
5 END;
6 /
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> EXEC p_get_broj;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> EXEC p_get_broj;
2
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> EXEC p_get_broj;
3
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> EXEC p_get_broj;
4
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
I believe you need a session a variable like mathguy's assumption above. You can try below code and understand how it works. Note that each DB session could have different value to the NUM_VAR variable in var_pkg package depending on how many times the procedure below was executed for each session.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE var_pkg
IS
num_var NUMBER := 0;
PROCEDURE set_num_var(p_number NUMBER);
FUNCTION get_num_var RETURN NUMBER;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY var_pkg
IS
PROCEDURE set_num_var(p_number NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
num_var := p_number;
END;
FUNCTION get_num_var RETURN NUMBER
IS
BEGIN
RETURN num_var;
END;
END;
/
CREATE PROCEDURE plus1
IS
v_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_num := var_pkg.get_num_var + 1;
var_pkg.set_num_var(v_num);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num);
END;
/
To run the procedure,
exec plus1;
or
BEGIN
plus1;
END;
/
And in case you want to know the current value of the variable, you can query it using below code,
SELECT var_pkg.get_num_var
FROM dual;
I need to select a link at the beginning in the script. Usually we do select links as below,
begin
select * from v$database#linkname;
end;
But now I need to select the link at the beginning something like this,
begin
select_link 'linkname';
select * from v$database;
end;
Thank you!
select * from v$database#linkname;
You cannot simply have a SELECT statement like that in PL/SQL. It expects an INTO clause.
If I understand correct;y, you want to parameterize the DATABASE LINK. I am afraid you need to (ab) use dynamic SQL.
For example,
SQL> var cur refcursor
SQL> DECLARE
2 var_link varchar2(20);
3 BEGIN
4 var_link:='#your_db_link';
5 OPEN :cur FOR 'SELECT * FROM dual'||var_link;
6 END;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print cur
D
-
X
SQL>
If I have a string say "3*2+24" how can calculate its value in Oracle? In sql server you can do exec ('select 3*2+24') and it returns 30
Thanks
Here's a little function to calculate arbitrary strings of arithmetic:
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calc(pi_val VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER IS
2 v_return NUMBER;
3 BEGIN
4 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select '||pi_val||' from dual' INTO v_return;
5 RETURN v_return;
6 END;
7 /
Function created
SQL> SELECT calc('2*6*10') FROM dual;
CALC('2*6*10')
--------------
120
SQL>
Obviously, for production purposes you'd need some error handling...
You can use DCookie's solution.
You can decrease the possibility of an sql injection attack by creating a new user without privileges.
Log in as system and create a new user without privileges:
create user new_user identified by password_new_user;
Create the function (as system) in schema new_user.
create or replace function new_user.calc(pi_val varchar2) return number
is
v_return number;
begin
execute immediate 'select '||pi_val||' from dual' INTO v_return;
return v_return;
end;
/
Next grant execute privileges (as system) on function new_user.calc to the relevant Oracle users (for instance tuinstoel (that's me)).
grant execute on new_user.calc to tuinstoel;
Log in as user tuinstoel.
connect tuinstoel/cheese_and_cheese#ora11
SQL> select new_user.calc('2+3') from dual;
NEW_USER.CALC('2+3')
--------------------
5
Everyone who calls the function new_user.calc has the privileges of new_user (none) inside function new_user.calc, not the rights of the caller (definer's privileges not invoker's privileges).
When you don't want to include new_user. in every call to calc do as tuinstoel:
create synonym calc for new_user.calc;
Next you can test this with:
SQL> select calc('2+3') from dual;
CALC('2+3')
-----------
5
edit1: Others have contemplated about this solution and they have pointed out some (potential) problems: See http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?forumID=75&threadID=943576 .
In ORACLE you can do any computation you want using the dual feature. For example
SELECT 3*3-(2+2) FROM DUAL
However, you cannot do
SELECT '3*3-(2+2)' FROM DUAL
Because it will just return the string of '3*3-(2+2)'. If all you have is a string, I would probably strip it out into a numeric function then do the calculation.
You can use the xmlquery() function to implement it. Here is a sample code:
select
xmlquery(
replace( 'your variable', '/', ' div ')
returning content
).getNumberVal()
from
dual;
For example the code below
SELECT
XMLQUERY(
REPLACE( '3/4', '/', ' div ')
RETURNING CONTENT
).getNumberVal() FROM DUAL;
returns 0.75
It's a bit clunkier in Oracle but it can be done.
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> declare
2 str varchar2(250) := '3*2+24';
3 n number;
4 begin
5 execute immediate 'select '||str||' from dual' into n;
6 dbms_output.put_line(str||' = '||to_char(n)||' !!');
7 end;
8 /
3*2+24 = 30 !!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>