I am trying to find a way that I can override a method, do something, and then revert without leaving any artifacts around.
I have implemented this using mocha but obviously this is not going to fly in a production app. Notice the new method has parameters and the old one does not.
Example as follows
require 'rubygems'
require 'mocha'
class Example
def to_something
self.stubs(:attribs => other(1))
r = attribs_caller
self.unstub(:attribs)
r
end
def other(int)
{"other" => int }
end
def attribs_caller
attribs
end
def attribs
{"this" => 1 }
end
end
a1 = Example.new
puts a1.attribs_caller #=> this1
puts a1.to_something #=> other1
puts a1.attribs_caller #=> this1
class String
alias orig_reverse reverse
def reverse(n)
'fooled you. '*n
end
end
puts "ab".reverse(2)
#=> fooled you fooled you
# clean up:
class String
alias reverse orig_reverse
remove_method(:orig_reverse)
end
puts "ab".reverse #=> ba
Another way to do that, without creating an extra method, is this:
class Foo
def bar
:old_method
end
end
Foo.new.bar # => :old_method
$old_method = Foo.new.method(:bar)
class Foo
def bar
:new_method
end
end
Foo.new.bar # => :new_method
class Foo
define_method($old_method.name, &$old_method)
end
Foo.new.bar # => :old_method
I think that this is better than using an alias method. In Ruby methods are, also, objects. I just take the reference of the object before destructing the association of the object (the method) with the class. After I add the same method. It also works if you use the undef keyword to remove the method from the class. The bad point is that you have to have an object of the class to take the reference of the method.
Related
It's pretty easy to return a method like a proc from a module:
module Foo
def self.bar
# Method implementation
end
def self.baz
# Method implementation
end
def self.qux
# Method implemenatation
end
def self.zoo
# Method implementation
end
end
Foo.method(:bar) # Returns a proc object
But what if I want to return more than one (but not all of them) method from the same module?
One way to do that is:[:bar,:baz].inject([]) {|memo,i| memo << Foo.method(i)}
Is there a better, more agile way to do the same?
You can always use monkey patching to make it look however you wish:
class Object
def get_methods(*methods)
methods.map { |m| method(m) }
end
end
module Foo
def self.bar
# Method implementation
end
def self.baz
# Method implementation
end
end
Foo.get_methods(:foo, :baz)
Try this:
Foo.methods(false).map {|e| Foo.method(e)}
Foo.methods(false) will return all class methods that are not inherited as an array and map will iterate over each element.
EDIT
After taking into account the comments below:
proc_arr = [:bar, :baz].map {|e| Foo.method(e)}
I don't know if there is a better way, but maybe this is a bit cleaner than your solution:
proc_methods = []
# => []
(Foo.methods - Object.methods).each { |m| proc_methods << Foo.method(m) }
# => [:bar, :baz]
proc_methods
# => [#<Method: Foo.bar>, #<Method: Foo.baz>]
Foo inherits its methods from Object class, that is the default root of all Ruby objects. (http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.3/Object.html)
With Foo.methods - Object.methods you keep only your custom methods.
There is a pretty good documentation of the current implementation of refinements in ruby here:
http://ruby-doc.org//core-2.2.0/doc/syntax/refinements_rdoc.html,
but there are some strange corner cases.
First, include module is orthogonal to using module (one include the instance method of module while the other activates the refinement). But there is a trick to include a refinement module itself, see
Better way to turn a ruby class into a module than using refinements?.
def to_module(klass)
Module.new do
#note that we return the refinement module itself here
return refine(klass) {
yield if block_given?
}
end
end
class Base
def foo
"foo"
end
end
class Receiver
include to_module(Base) {
def foo
"refined " + super
end
}
end
Receiver.new.foo #=> "refined foo"
Strangely this refinement module can't be used with using!
m=to_module(Base) {}
m.class #=> Module
using m
#=>TypeError: wrong argument type Class (expected Module)
So using only work on the enclosing module of the refinement modules.
Secondly I wanted to use the above yield trick to be able to pass a Proc to refine (even through it only accepts a block), without resorting to converting the Proc back to source as in
https://www.new-bamboo.co.uk/blog/2014/02/05/refinements-under-the-knife/.
But using yield as in the include example does not work:
def ref_module1(klass)
Module.new do
refine(klass) {
yield
}
end
end
class Receiver1
using ref_module1(Base) {
def foo
"refined " + super
end
}
def bar
Base.new.foo
end
end
Receiver1.new.bar #=> NoMethodError: super: no superclass method `foo'
We see that Receiver1 still use Bar#foo and not the refined method.
Howewer we can use module_eval instead:
def ref_module2(klass,&b)
Module.new do
refine(klass) {
module_eval(&b)
}
end
end
class Receiver2
using ref_module2(Base) {
def foo
"refined " + super
end
}
def bar
Base.new.foo
end
end
Receiver2.new.bar #=> "refined foo"
I don't quite understand why module_eval works here and not the yield method. Inside the refinement block, the 'default_definee' is the refinement module, so module_eval which puts the 'default_definee' to self='the refinement module' should not affect it. And indeed in the 'include' example at the beginning, I get the same result when I use module_eval or a direct yield.
Can anyone explain this behavior?
Context (or binding) is the reason why module_eval works and yield doesn't in your last set of examples. It actually has nothing to do with refinements, as demonstrated below.
Starting with module_eval:
class Foo
def run(&block)
self.class.module_eval(&block)
end
end
foo = Foo.new
foo.run {
def hello
"hello"
end
}
puts foo.hello # => "hello"
puts hello => # '<main>': undefined method 'hello' for main:Object (NameError)
In Foo#run we call module_eval on Foo. This switches the context (self) to be Foo. The result is much like we had simple defined hello inside of class Foo originally.
Now let's take a look at yield:
class Foo
def run
yield
end
end
foo = Foo.new
foo.run {
def hello
"hello"
end
}
puts hello # => "hello"
puts foo.hello # => '<main>': private method 'hello' called for ...
yield simply invokes the block in its original context, which in this example would be <main>. When the block is invoked, the end result is exactly the same as if the method were defined at the top level normally:
class Foo
def run
yield
end
end
foo = Foo.new
def hello
"hello"
end
puts hello # => "hello"
puts foo.hello # => '<main>': private method 'hello' called for ...
You might notice that foo seems to have the hello method in the yield examples. This is a side effect of defining hello as a method at the top level. It turns out that <main> is just an instance of Object, and defining top level methods is really just defining private methods on Object which nearly everything else ends up inheriting. You can see this by opening up irb and running the following:
self # => main
self.class # => Object
def some_method
end
"string".method(:some_method) # => #<Method: String(Object)#some_method>
Now back to your examples.
Here's what happens in the yield example:
def ref_module1(klass)
Module.new do
refine(klass) {
yield
}
end
end
class Receiver1
# like my yield example, this block is going to
# end up being invoked in its original context
using ref_module1(Base) {
def foo
"I'm defined on Receiver1"
end
}
def bar
# calling foo here will simply call the original
# Base#foo method
Base.new.foo
end
end
# as expected, if we call Receiver1#bar
# we get the original Base#foo method
Receiver1.new.bar # => "foo"
# since the block is executed in its original context
# the method gets defined in Receiver1 -- its original context
Receiver1.new.foo # => "I'm defined on Receiver1"
As for module_eval, it works in your examples because it causes the block to be run in the context of the new module, rather than on the Receiver1 class.
I try to write a metaprogramming for execute a method before 'master' method. Why ? Because, I have several class and it's ugly to repeat the call in the head of the method
Case :
class MyClass
include MySuperModule
before :method, call: before_method
def before_method
puts "Before.."
end
end
class SomeClass < MyClass
def method
puts "Method.."
end
end
module MySuperModule
# the awesome code
end
Output :
SomeClass.new.method => "Before.. Method.."
So, I try write a module with ClassMethodsor method_missingwithout success.
You don't need a gem for simple metaprogramming like this. What you can do is redefine the "after" method to call the "before" method and then the original "after" method.
This works even when using before multiple times on the same method or when creating a chain of before calls.
module MySuperModule
def before meth, opts
old_method = instance_method(meth)
define_method(meth) do
send opts[:call]
old_method.bind(self).call
end
end
end
class MyClass
extend MySuperModule
def foo
puts "foo"
end
def bar
puts "bar"
end
def baz
puts "baz"
end
before :foo, call: :bar
before :bar, call: :baz
end
MyClass.new.foo
# baz
# bar
# foo
If it is just for subclassing purposes you can take advantage of Module#prepend:
class Superclass
def self.inherited(subclass)
# subclass.send :prepend, Module.new { on Ruby < 2.1
subclass.prepend Module.new {
def method
before_method
super
end
}
end
def before_method
puts 'Before'
end
end
class Subclass < Superclass
def method
puts 'Method'
end
end
Subclass.new.method
#=> Before
#=> Method
What you are looking for is Aspect oriented programming support for ruby. There are several gems implementing this, like aquarium.
Another way to do this is to use the rcapture gem.
It is pretty awesome.
Eg:
require 'rcapture'
class A
# Makes the class intercept able
include RCapture::Interceptable
def first
puts 'first'
end
def second
puts 'second'
end
end
# injects methods to be called before each specified instance method.
A.capture_pre :methods => [:first, :second] do
puts "hello"
end
n = A.new
n.first
n.second
produces:
hello
first
hello
second
Maybe you can use a decorator. In ruby there is a nice gem called 'drapeer'. See Drapper Link
Every call in ruby runs through set_trace_func so you can hook into that and call exactly what you want. Not the prettiest solution and there are better ways but it does work. Another option is the Hooks gem, though I haven't tried it myself, it looks like it should give you the ability to do what you want.
module MySuperModule
# the awesome code
end
class MyClass
include MySuperModule
def before_method
puts "Before.."
end
end
class SomeClass < MyClass
def method
puts "Method.."
end
end
set_trace_func proc { |event, file, line, id, binding, class_name|
if event == "call" && class_name == SomeClass && id == :method
caller = binding.eval("self")
caller.send(:before_method)
end
}
SomeClass.new.method
#=> Before..
#=> Method..
Is it possible to temporarily apply certain methods to a class for tests? I want to be able to run specs depending on many ways to apply it. While I could make a bunch of fixtures with different settings, I find it easier to just class_eval the model in the tests. For example:
describe "some context"
before do
Page.class_eval do
my_applying_method :some => :option
end
end
it "should..."
end
Then in another context block:
describe "another context without the gem applied"
before do
Page.class_eval do
# nothing here since I want to page to be as is
end
end
it "should do something else..."
end
But the problem with the last context block is that it has a modified class (modified in the context block above). Is it possible to reset a class after class_eval? How?
Thanks!
I hope there is a better way to do that but you can use this(and it's with a warning at the Foo = Foo_old line):
module Bar
def baz
end
end
class Foo
end
puts Foo.method_defined? :baz #=> false
Foo_old = Foo.dup # create a copy of our class
Foo.class_eval do
include Bar
end
puts Foo.method_defined? :baz #=> true
Foo = Foo_old
puts Foo.method_defined? :baz #=> false
You haven't clarified how you are modifying the class.
The remix library allows you to temporarily include a module and properly uninclude it later.
In general, it's probably safest to just duplicate the class and test the duplicate:
irb(main):001:0> class Foo; end
#=> nil
irb(main):002:0> Foo.dup.class_eval{ #x = 42 }
#=> 42
irb(main):003:0> Foo.class_eval{ #x }
#=> nil
How would I use the parameter value as the instance variable name of an object?
This is the object
Class MyClass
def initialize(ex,ey)
#myvar = ex
#myothervar = ey
end
end
I have the following method
def test(element)
instanceofMyClass.element #this obviously doesnt work
end
How can I have the test method return either myvar or myothervar value depending on the element parameter. I don't want to write an if condition though, I want to pass myvar or myother var via element to the object instance if possible.
def test(element)
instanceofMyClass.send(element.to_sym)
end
You'll get a missing method error if instanceofMyClass doesn't respond to element.
def test(element)
instanceofmyclass.instance_variable_get element
end
test :#myvar # => ex
test :#myothervar # => ey
I like the simplicity of send(), though one bad thing with it is that it can be used to access privates. The issue is still remains solution below, but at least then it's explicitly specified, and reader can see which methods are to be forwarded. The first one just uses delegation, while the second one uses more dynamic way to define methods on the fly.
require 'forwardable'
class A
extend Forwardable
def_delegators :#myinstance, :foo, :bar
class B
def foo
puts 'foo called'
end
def bar
puts 'bar called'
end
def quux
puts 'quux called'
end
def bif
puts 'bif called'
end
end
def initialize
#myinstance = B.new
end
%i(quux bif).each do |meth| # note that only A#quux and A#bif are defined dynamically
define_method meth do |*args_but_we_do_not_have_any|
#myinstance.send(meth)
end
end
end
a = A.new
a.foo
a.bar
a.quux
a.bif