Doing Mathematical calulations in Order by with Linq - linq

I am quite new to Linq to Entity and having some trouble.
Here's my Search repository:
public static List<Centre> Search(Search search)
{
using (var context = new MeetingRoomsContext())
{
var query = context.Centres
.Include("Geo")
.OrderBy( NEED HELP WITH THIS PART )
return query.ToList();
}
}
I am getting a search object which contains co-ordinates like this:
Search.LongLat = "(-6.265275, 53.334442)"
I need to break that out and do some maths against the co-ordinates in the DB in order to order results by the closest to the searched point for first.
In mathematical terms it would be pythagoras:
squareRootOf((difference in latitude * difference in latitude) +
(difference in longitude * difference in longitude))
Really haven't a clue how to do this. Any help appreciated greatly

There is no need for a square root at all; ordering by the square of the distance is the same as ordering by the distance:
.OrderBy(x => (x.Latitude - target.Latitude)*(x.Latitude - target.Latitude)
+ (x.Longitude - target.Longitude)*(x.Longitude - target.Longitude))
This trick is often used in collision detection (such as for video games) to avoid having to calculate many square roots.

How about implementing your own IComparer that calculates that pythagorean square root? Then the OrderBy will automatically compare off that.
See this post for an example.

Related

Azure Search Scoring Profile Magnitude by Downloads

I am new to Azure Search so I just want to run this by before I try to implement it. We have a search setup on items and we want to score/rank the results based on its initial score and how many times the item has been used/downloaded. We want the items downloaded the most to appear at the top of the result list.
We have a separate field in the search index that contains the used/download count (itemCount).
I know I have to set up a Magnitude profile but I am not sure what to use for the range as the itemCount can contain 0 - N So do I just set the range to be some large number i.e. 100,000,000 or what is the best practice?
var functionRankByDownload = new MagnitudeFunction()
{
Boost = 1000,
BoostingRangeStart = 0,
BoostingRangeEnd = 100000000,
ConstantBoostBeyondRange = true,
FieldName = "itemCount",
Interpolation = InterpolationTypes.Linear
};
scoringProfile1.Functions = new List() { functionRankByDownload };
I found the score calculation is as follows:
((initialScore * boost * itemCount) - min) / (max-min)
So it seems like it should work ok having a large value for the max but again just wanting to know the best practice.
Thanks!
That seems reasonable. The BoostingRangeEnd can be any reasonable bound to your range depending on the scenario. Since, you are using ConstantBoostBeyondRange, it would also take care of boosting values outside ranges appropriately.
You might also want to experiment with the boost value for a large range like this and see if a bigger boost value is more helpful for your scenario.

How to report the result of an olap4j query?

I wan't to create report from the result of an olap Query, the result type is a cellSet. Does any one have any idea.
thx
The easiest way to print out results is by using one of the built-in formatter. There is an example available here.
To programmatically iterate over the axis and positions of a CellSet, you need to iterate over each axis, then each position on the axis. A simple CellSet with two axis (with ordinals known in advance) can be iterated over like so:
// Iteration over a two-axis query
for (
Position axis_0
: data.getAxes().get( Axis.ROWS.axisOrdinal() ).getPositions())
{
for (
Position axis_1
: data.getAxes().get(Axis.COLUMNS.axisOrdinal()).getPositions())
{
Object value =
data.getCell(axis_0, axis_1)
.getValue();
}
}

Criteria and sorting according to it

Hi I have 2 problems related to hibernate criteria
I have the following product which contain many colors.
I wish to find the product which contain at least RED and GREEN.
Product class
String id;
name;
style;
List<Color> colors{};
Color class
id
color
1) Every time I do a retrieval, each product will appear depending on how many colors it has..
for example a product A has red green blue, it will appear 3 times.
I have used FetchMode: Select but it doesn't seems to change.
The only possible solution I can think of is inserting them into a hashset and rewrite the hashcode and equal method for primary key only
2) How do I return queries that is sorted according to the closest match to my search?
For example I search for style and color red,green.
so products that matches style color and red green
1) You use need to distict results.
It is not a matter of changing FetchMode.
Please take a look article this
setResultTransformer(Criteria.DISTINCT_ROOT_ENTITY)
2) Well... there is no that kind of criteria function to automatically find and order closest match stuff
Anyway, the simplest way to make similar function is to use addOrder with createAlias instead of setFetch
ct.createAlias("colors", "cs")
.add( Restrictions.like("style", value + "%"))
.add( Restrictions.in("color", colorsArray ))
.addOrder( Order.asc("style"))
.addOrder( Order.asc("cs.color"))
I cannot write all kind of match method in here.
Please refer Restrictions's various expression on here

CK metrics from C# project with Ndepend

I have project for school. Now I need to make from it report of all metrics CK (Chidamber Kemerer metrics). The report has to be like table of all those metrics. Question is how to make it from Ndepend this report which it generates it is not what I am looking for.
Please help and say how to do it... maybe some tips, documents or something this is very important...
Ok, so if we are talking of these Chidamber Kemerer metrics, the NDepend ability to write Code Queries and Rules over LINQ queries (CQLinq) will answer all your needs. For example:
WMC Weighted Methods Per Class
warnif count > 0
from t in Application.Types
let methods = t.Methods
.Where(m => !m.IsPropertyGetter &&
!m.IsPropertySetter &&
!m.IsConstructor)
where methods.Count() > 20
orderby methods.Count() descending
select new { t, methods }
DIT Depth of Inheritance Tree
warnif count > 0
from t in JustMyCode.Types
where t.IsClass
let baseClasses = t.BaseClasses.ExceptThirdParty()
where baseClasses.Count() >= 5
select new { t, baseClasses,
// The metric value DepthOfInheritance takes account
// of third-party base classes
t.DepthOfInheritance
}
NOC Number of Children
from t in Types
where t.IsClass
let childClasses = t.DerivedTypes
where childClasses.Count() > 0
orderby childClasses.Count() descending
select new { t, childClasses }
CBO Coupling between Object Classes
from t in Application.Types
let typesUsed = t.TypesUsed.ExceptThirdParty()
orderby typesUsed.Count() descending
select new { t, typesUsed }
and so on...
Does NDepend have a direct way in CQL to measure RFC (RFT)? Or do we have to write a CQL query for recursive counting invoked methods in used classes (types) our-self? If so, how does it look like?

Best clustering algorithm? (simply explained)

Imagine the following problem:
You have a database containing about 20,000 texts in a table called "articles"
You want to connect the related ones using a clustering algorithm in order to display related articles together
The algorithm should do flat clustering (not hierarchical)
The related articles should be inserted into the table "related"
The clustering algorithm should decide whether two or more articles are related or not based on the texts
I want to code in PHP but examples with pseudo code or other programming languages are ok, too
I've coded a first draft with a function check() which gives "true" if the two input articles are related and "false" if not. The rest of the code (selecting the articles from the database, selecting articles to compare with, inserting the related ones) is complete, too. Maybe you can improve the rest, too. But the main point which is important to me is the function check(). So it would be great if you could post some improvements or completely different approaches.
APPROACH 1
<?php
$zeit = time();
function check($str1, $str2){
$minprozent = 60;
similar_text($str1, $str2, $prozent);
$prozent = sprintf("%01.2f", $prozent);
if ($prozent > $minprozent) {
return TRUE;
}
else {
return FALSE;
}
}
$sql1 = "SELECT id, text FROM articles ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0, 20";
$sql2 = mysql_query($sql1);
while ($sql3 = mysql_fetch_assoc($sql2)) {
$rel1 = "SELECT id, text, MATCH (text) AGAINST ('".$sql3['text']."') AS score FROM articles WHERE MATCH (text) AGAINST ('".$sql3['text']."') AND id NOT LIKE ".$sql3['id']." LIMIT 0, 20";
$rel2 = mysql_query($rel1);
$rel2a = mysql_num_rows($rel2);
if ($rel2a > 0) {
while ($rel3 = mysql_fetch_assoc($rel2)) {
if (check($sql3['text'], $rel3['text']) == TRUE) {
$id_a = $sql3['id'];
$id_b = $rel3['id'];
$rein1 = "INSERT INTO related (article1, article2) VALUES ('".$id_a."', '".$id_b."')";
$rein2 = mysql_query($rein1);
$rein3 = "INSERT INTO related (article1, article2) VALUES ('".$id_b."', '".$id_a."')";
$rein4 = mysql_query($rein3);
}
}
}
}
?>
APPROACH 2 [only check()]
<?php
function square($number) {
$square = pow($number, 2);
return $square;
}
function check($text1, $text2) {
$words_sub = text_splitter($text2); // splits the text into single words
$words = text_splitter($text1); // splits the text into single words
// document 1 start
$document1 = array();
foreach ($words as $word) {
if (in_array($word, $words)) {
if (isset($document1[$word])) { $document1[$word]++; } else { $document1[$word] = 1; }
}
}
$rating1 = 0;
foreach ($document1 as $temp) {
$rating1 = $rating1+square($temp);
}
$rating1 = sqrt($rating1);
// document 1 end
// document 2 start
$document2 = array();
foreach ($words_sub as $word_sub) {
if (in_array($word_sub, $words)) {
if (isset($document2[$word_sub])) { $document2[$word_sub]++; } else { $document2[$word_sub] = 1; }
}
}
$rating2 = 0;
foreach ($document2 as $temp) {
$rating2 = $rating2+square($temp);
}
$rating2 = sqrt($rating2);
// document 2 end
$skalarprodukt = 0;
for ($m=0; $m<count($words)-1; $m++) {
$skalarprodukt = $skalarprodukt+(array_shift($document1)*array_shift($document2));
}
if (($rating1*$rating2) == 0) { continue; }
$kosinusmass = $skalarprodukt/($rating1*$rating2);
if ($kosinusmass < 0.7) {
return FALSE;
}
else {
return TRUE;
}
}
?>
I would also like to say that I know that there are lots of algorithms for clustering but on every site there is only the mathematical description which is a bit difficult to understand for me. So coding examples in (pseudo) code would be great.
I hope you can help me. Thanks in advance!
The most standard way I know of to do this on text data like you have, is to use the 'bag of words' technique.
First, create a 'histogram' of words for each article. Lets say between all your articles, you only have 500 unique words between them. Then this histogram is going to be a vector(Array, List, Whatever) of size 500, where the data is the number of times each word appears in the article. So if the first spot in the vector represented the word 'asked', and that word appeared 5 times in the article, vector[0] would be 5:
for word in article.text
article.histogram[indexLookup[word]]++
Now, to compare any two articles, it is pretty straightforward. We simply multiply the two vectors:
def check(articleA, articleB)
rtn = 0
for a,b in zip(articleA.histogram, articleB.histogram)
rtn += a*b
return rtn > threshold
(Sorry for using python instead of PHP, my PHP is rusty and the use of zip makes that bit easier)
This is the basic idea. Notice the threshold value is semi-arbitrary; you'll probably want to find a good way to normalize the dot product of your histograms (this will almost have to factor in the article length somewhere) and decide what you consider 'related'.
Also, you should not just put every word into your histogram. You'll, in general, want to include the ones that are used semi-frequently: Not in every article nor in only one article. This saves you a bit of overhead on your histogram, and increases the value of your relations.
By the way, this technique is described in more detail here
Maybe clustering is the wrong strategy here?
If you want to display similar articles, use similarity search instead.
For text articles, this is well understood. Just insert your articles in a text search database like Lucene, and use your current article as search query. In Lucene, there exists a query called MoreLikeThis that performs exactly this: find similar articles.
Clustering is the wrong tool, because (in particular with your requirements), every article must be put into some cluster; and the related items would be the same for every object in the cluster. If there are outliers in the database - a very likely case - they could ruin your clustering. Furthermore, clusters may be very big. There is no size constraint, the clustering algorithm may decide to put half of your data set into the same cluster. So you have 10000 related articles for each article in your database. With similarity search, you can just get the top-10 similar items for each document!
Last but not least: forget PHP for clustering. It's not designed for this, and not performant enough. But you can probably access a lucene index from PHP well enough.
I believe you need to make some design decisions about clustering, and continue from there:
Why are you clustering texts? Do you want to display related documents together? Do you want to explore your document corpus via clusters?
As a result, do you want flat or hierarchical clustering?
Now we have the complexity issue, in two dimensions: first, the number and type of features you create from the text - individual words may number in the tens of thousands. You may want to try some feature selection - such as taking the N most informative words, or the N words appearing the most times, after ignoring stop words.
Second, you want to minimize the number of times you measure similarity between documents. As bubaker correctly points out, checking similarity between all pairs of documents may be too much. If clustering into a small number of clusters is enough, you may consider K-means clustering, which is basically: choose an initial K documents as cluster centers, assign every document to the closest cluster, recalculate cluster centers by finding document vector means, and iterate. This only costs K*number of documents per iteration. I believe there are also heuristics for reducing the needed number of computations for hierarchical clustering as well.
What does the similar_text function called in Approach #1 look like? I think what you're referring to isn't clustering, but a similarity metric. I can't really improve on the White Walloun's :-) histogram approach - an interesting problem to do some reading on.
However you implement check(), you've got to use it to make at least 200M comparisons (half of 20000^2). The cutoff for "related" articles may limit what you store in the database, but seems too arbitrary to catch all useful clustering of texts,
My approach would be to modify check() to return the "similarity" metric ($prozent or rtn). Write the 20K x 20K matrix to a file and use an external program to perform a clustering to identify nearest neighbors for each article, which you could load into the related table. I would do the clustering in R - there's a nice tutorial for clustering data in a file running R from php.

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