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How to create a video from images with FFmpeg?
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I'm wanting to take a bunch of images and make a video slideshow out of them. There'll be an app for that, right? Yup, quite a few it seems. The problem is I want the slides synced to a piece of music, and all the apps I've seen only allow you to show each slide for a multiple of a whole second. I want them to show for multiples of 1.714285714 seconds to fit with 140 bpm.
The tools I've seen generally seem to have ffmpeg under the hood, so presumably this kind of thing could be done with a script. But ffmpeg has sooo many options...I'm hoping someone will have something close.
I'll have up to about 100 slides, the ones that have to show for 3.428571428 secs or whatever I guess I can simply show twice.
For very recent versions of ffmpeg (roughly from the end of year 2013)
The following will create a video slideshow (using video codec libx264 or webm) from all the png images in the current directory. The command accepts image names numbered and ordered in series (img001.jpg, img002.jpg, img003.jpg) as well as random bunch of images.
(each image will have a duration of 5 seconds)
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' -c:v libx264 out.mp4 # x264 video
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' out.webm # WebM video
For older versions of ffmpeg
This will create a video slideshow (using video codec libx264 or webm) from series of png images, named img001.png, img002.png, img003.png, …
(each image will have a duration of 5 seconds)
ffmpeg -f image2 -r 1/5 -i img%03d.png -vcodec libx264 out.mp4 # x264 video
ffmpeg -f image2 -r 1/5 -i img%03d.png out.webm # WebM video
You may have to slightly modify the following commands if you have a very recent version of ffmpeg
This will create a slideshow in which each image has a duration of 15 seconds:
ffmpeg -f image2 -r 1/15 -i img%03d.png out.webm
If you want to create a video out of just one image, this will do (output video duration is set to 30 seconds):
ffmpeg -loop 1 -f image2 -i img.png -t 30 out.webm
If you don't have images numbered and ordered in series (img001.jpg, img002.jpg, img003.jpg) but rather random bunch of images, you might try this:
cat *.jpg | ffmpeg -f image2pipe -r 1 -vcodec mjpeg -i - out.webm
or for png images:
cat *.png | ffmpeg -f image2pipe -r 1 -vcodec png -i - out.webm
That will read all the jpg/png images in the current directory and write them, one by one, using the pipe, to the ffmpeg's input, which will produce the video out of it.
Important: All images in a series need to be of the same size (x and y dimensions) and format.
Explanation: By telling FFmpeg to set the input file's FPS option (frames per second) to some very low value, we made FFmpeg duplicate frames at the output and thus we achieved to display each image for some time on screen. You have seen, that you can set any fraction as framerate. 140 beats per minute would be -r 140/60.
Source: The FFmpeg wiki
For creating images from a video use
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 img%03d.png
This will create images named img001.png, img002.png, img003.png, …
You can extract images from a video, or create a video from many
images:
For extracting images from a video:
ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg
This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will
output them in files named 'foo-001.jpeg', 'foo-002.jpeg', etc. Images
will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values. If you want to extract
just a limited number of frames, you can use the above command in
combination with the -vframes or -t option, or in combination with -ss
to start extracting from a certain point in time. For creating a video
from many images:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i foo-%03d.jpeg -r 12 -s WxH foo.avi
The syntax foo-%03d.jpeg specifies to use a decimal number composed
of three digits padded with zeroes to express the sequence number. It
is the same syntax supported by the C printf function, but only
formats accepting a normal integer are suitable.
This is an excerpt from the documentation, for more info check on the documentation page of ffmpeg.
I wound up using this:
mencoder "mf://html/*.png" -ovc x264 -mf fps=1.16666667 -o output.avi
and changing the sample rate afterwards in LiVES.
a load more details (and the end result video) at: http://hyperdata.org/hackit/ (mirror)
Related
trying to get my head around ffmpeg to create a slideshow where each image is displayed for ~5 seconds with some audio. created a bat file to run the following so far:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image-%%03d.jpg -i music.mp3 output.mpg
It gets the images and displayes them all very fast in the first second of the video, it then plays out the rest of the audio while showing the last image.
I want to make the images stay up longer (about 5 seconds), and stop the video after the last frame (not playing the rest of the song), are either of these things possible? i could hack the frame rate thing i guess by having hundreds of the same image in order to keep it up longer, but this is far from ideal!
Thanks
The default encoder for mpg output, mpeg1video, is strict about the allowed frame rates, so an input and an output -r are required:
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -i image-%03d.jpg -i music.mp3 -r 25 -qscale:v 2 -shortest -codec:a copy output.mpg
The input images will have a frame rate of 1 frame every 5 seconds and the output will duplicate frames to reach 25 frames per second.
-f image2 is generally not required.
-qscale:v can control output quality. A sane range is 2-5.
-shortest will make the output duration the same as the shortest input duration.
-codec:a copy copy your MP3 audio instead of re-encoding.
MPEG-1 video has more modern alternatives. See the FFmpeg and x264 Encoding Guide for more info.
Also see:
* FFmpeg FAQ: How do I encode single pictures into movies?
* FFmpeg Wiki: Create a video slideshow from images
You could use the filter fps instead of output framerate
ffmpeg -r 1/5 -i img%03d.png -i musicfile -c:v libx264 -vf fps=25 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4
This however skips the last image for me strangely.
I'd like to programmatically create a video file that is composed of a series of images. However, I'd also like to be able to specify a duration for each image. I often see ffmpeg examples suggested for similar tasks, but they always assume the same duration for each image. Is there an efficient way to accomplish this? (An inefficient solution might be setting the frame rate to something high and repeatedly copying each image until it matches the intended duration)
I will be dynamically generating each of the images as well, so if there is way to encode the image data into video frames without writing each image to disk, that's even better. This, however, is not a requirement.
Edit: To be clear, I don't necessarily need to use ffmpeg. Other free command-line tools are fine, as are video-processing libraries. I'm just looking for a good solution.
I was able to solve the exact same problem with the following commands.
vframes is set to the number of seconds * fps
In the example the first video has 100 frames (100 frame / 25 fps = 4 seconds) and second one has 200 frames (8 seconds)
ffmpeg -f image2 -loop 1 -vframes 100 -r 25 -i a.jpg -vcodec mpeg4 a.avi
ffmpeg -f image2 -loop 1 -vframes 200 -r 25 -i b.jpg -vcodec mpeg4 b.avi
mencoder -ovc copy -o out.mp4 a.mp4 b.mp4
The mencoder part is just like the one of d33pika
You can use the concat demuxer to manually order images and to provide a specific duration for each image.
ffmpeg -f concat -i input.txt -vsync vfr -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4
Your input.txt should look like this.
file '/path/to/dog.png'
duration 5
file '/path/to/cat.png'
duration 1
file '/path/to/rat.png'
duration 3
file '/path/to/tapeworm.png'
duration 2
file '/path/to/tapeworm.png'
You can write this txt file dynamically according to your needs and excute the command.
For more info refer to https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Slideshow
It seems like there is no way to have different durations for different images using ffmpeg. I would create separate videos for each of the images and then concat them using mencoder like this:
ffmpeg -f image2 -vframes 30 -i a.jpg -vcodec libx264 -r 1 a.mp4
ffmpeg -f image2 -vframmes 10 -i bjpg -vcodec libx264 -r 1 b.mp4
mencoder -ovc copy -o out.mp4 a.mp4 b.mp4
mencoder for the concat operation needs all the output videos to have same resolution,framerate and codec.
Here a.mp4 has 30 frames of duration 30 seconds and b.mp4 has 10 frames of 10 seconds.
I am trying to create a video out of a sequence of images and various audio files using FFmpeg. While it is no problem to create a video containing the sequence of images with the following command:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image%d.jpg video.mpg
I haven't found a way yet to add audio files at specific points to the generated video.
Is it possible to do something like:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image%d.jpg -i audio1.mp3 AT 10s -i audio2.mp3 AT 15s video.mpg
Any help is much appreciated!
EDIT:
The solution in my case was to use sox as suggested by blahdiblah in the answer below. You first have to create an empty audio file as a starting point like that:
sox -n -r 44100 -c 2 silence.wav trim 0.0 20.0
This generates a 20 sec empty WAV file. After that you can mix the empty file with other audio files.
sox -m silence.wav "|sox sound1.mp3 -p pad 0" "|sox sound2.mp3 -p pad 2" out.wav
The final audio file has a duration of 20 seconds and plays sound1.mp3 right at the beginning and sound2.mp3 after 2 seconds.
To combine the sequence of images with the audio file we can use FFmpeg.
ffmpeg -i video_%05d.png -i out.wav -r 25 out.mp4
See this question on adding a single audio input with some offset. The -itsoffset bug mentioned there is still open, but see users' comments for some cases in which it does work.
If it works in your case, that would be ideal:
ffmpeg -i in%d.jpg -itsoffset 10 -i audio1.mp3 -itsoffset 15 -i audio2.mp3 out.mpg
If not, you should be able to combine all the audio files with sox, overlaying or inserting silence to produce the correct offsets and then use that as input to FFmpeg. Not as convenient, but guaranteed to work.
One approach I can think of is to create your audio file for the whole duration of the video first and then mux the audio with the video file
Anyone knows the trick?
And how to install ffmpeg ? yum install mpeg only returns this:
======================================================================================== Matched: mpeg ========================================================================================
libiec61883.i386 : Streaming library for IEEE1394
libiec61883.x86_64 : Streaming library for IEEE1394
qffmpeg-devel.i386 : Development package for qffmpeg
qffmpeg-devel.x86_64 : Development package for qffmpeg
qffmpeg-libs.i386 : Libraries for qffmpeg
qffmpeg-libs.x86_64 : Libraries for qffmpeg
I've cobbled up this command line from various answers that works great for me to get the absolutely first frame out from a video. I use this to save a thumbnail screenshot for the video.
ffmpeg -i inputfile.mkv -vf "select=eq(n\,0)" -q:v 3 output_image.jpg
Explanation:
The select filter -vf "select=eq(n\,0)" is to select only frame #0.
-q:v allows you to set the quality of the output jpeg between 1 and 31. Lower the number, higher the quality. 2 - 5 works good, I use 3.
Note: This will get you an image with the same size as the video. To get a thumbnail, you can use the scale filter to get a thumbnail to fit whatever width you need, like so:
ffmpeg -i inputfile.mkv -vf "select=eq(n\,0)" -vf scale=320:-2 -q:v 3 output_image.jpg
The above command will give you a thumbnail jpeg that will be scaled to match width of 320, and height will be calculated to match the aspect ratio.
It's on the manpage:
* You can extract images from a video, or create a video from many
images:
For extracting images from a video:
ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg
This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will
output them in files named foo-001.jpeg, foo-002.jpeg, etc. Images
will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values.
If you want to extract just a limited number of frames, you can use
the above command in combination with the -vframes or -t option, or in
combination with -ss to start extracting from a certain point in time.
But of course you have to install it first. I'm on Debian and don't use yum.
[update for the other question]
i=1
for avi in *.avi; do
ffmpeg -i $avi -vframes 1 -f image2 /tmp/$i.jpg; i=$((i+1))
done
Tested and works.
[update for yet another question...]
for flv in *.flv; do
ffmpeg -i $flv -vframes 1 -f image2 ${flv%%.flv}.jpg
done
An easy to grok solution that works for me is
ffmpeg -i <input> -vframes 1 <output>.jpeg
Note that I do get an error "[swscaler # 0x111652000] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly" but according to a little reading (see for example https://stackoverflow.com/a/43038480/1241736) that can safely be ignored.
It's works for me
ffmpeg -i sample-mp4-file.mp4 -ss 1 -vframes 1 output.jpg
I need something that can be scripted on windows 7. This image will be used in banners.
Simon P Stevens' answer almost got me there:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image%d.jpg video.avi
ffmpeg -i video.avi -pix_fmt rgb24 -loop_output 0 out.gif
Let's see if we can neaten this up.
Going via an avi is unnecessary. A -pix_fmt of rgb24 is invalid, and the -loop_output option prevents looping, which I don't want. We get:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image%d.jpg out.gif
My input pictures are labeled with a zero-padded 3-digit number and I have 30 of them (image_001.jpg, image_002.jpg, ...), so I need to fix the format specifier
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image_%003d.jpg out.gif
My input pictures are from my phone camera, they are way too big! I need to scale them down.
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image_%003d.jpg -vf scale=531x299 out.gif
I also need to rotate them 90 degrees clockwise
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image_%003d.jpg -vf scale=531x299,transpose=1 out.gif
This gif will play with zero delay between frames, which is probably not what we want. Specify the framerate of the input images
ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 9 -i image_%003d.jpg -vf scale=531x299,transpose=1 out.gif
The image is just a tad too big, so I'll crop out 100 pixels of sky. The transpose makes this tricky, I use the post-rotated x and y values:
ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 9 -i image_%003d.jpg -vf scale=531x299,transpose=1,crop=299,431,0,100 out.gif
The final result - I get to share my mate's awesome facial expression with the world:
You can do this with ffmpeg
First convert the images to a video:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image%d.jpg video.avi
(This will convert the images from the current directory (named image1.jpg, image2.jpg...) to a video file named video.avi.)
Then convert the avi to a gif:
ffmpeg -i video.avi -pix_fmt rgb24 -loop_output 0 out.gif
You can get windows binaries for ffmpeg here.
You can also do a similar thing with mplayer. See Encoding from multiple input image files.
I think the command line would be something like:
mplayer mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:type=jpg -vf scale=160:120 -vo gif89a:fps=3:output=out.gif
(Where 800 & 600 are your source width and height and 160 & 120 are the target width and height.out.gif is your target file name)
I've just tested both of these and they both work fine. However I got much better results from mplayer as I was able to specify the resolution and framerate. Your milage may vary and I'm sure you could find more options for ffmpeg if you looked.
With ImageMagick:
convert *.png a.gif
The ffmpeg to .avi and .avi to .gif worked, but the only thing to note is that your images must be named in perfect increasing numeric order to work, with no gaps. I cooked up a quick python script to rename all of my images accordingly so that this ffmpeg recipe would work:
import os
files = [ f for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(os.path.join('.',f)) and f.endswith('.jpg') ]
for i, file in enumerate(sorted(files)):
os.rename(file, 'image%03d.jpg' % i)
And then I stumbled upon a much simpler approach than ffmpeg for doing the conversion, which is simply using ImageMagick's command line convert tool like this
convert image%03d.jpg[0-198] animated_gif.gif
Doesn't get much simpler than that folks.
Gist here: https://gist.github.com/3289840
Based on the answers of Simon P Stevens and dwurf I came up with this simplified solution:
ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 1 -i image%d.jpg video.gif
This results in a rate of 1 second per image. Adjust the framerate value according to your needs.
I'd just like to add to dwurf's answer, that this will generate a gif with the standard 256-colors palette, which does not look very visually pleasing.
I've found two blog-posts and adapted them to my needs, in order to improve the visual quality by using a custom palette for your animation:
Generate the color palette:
ffmpeg -f image2 -i image%d.jpg -vf scale=900:-1:sws_dither=ed,palettegen palette.png
Convert images into a regular video with the desired framerate, because the third command only worked with a single input video and not a bunch of images
ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 1.2 -i image%d.jpg video.flv
Now convert the generated video with the generated palette into a more beautiful gif:
ffmpeg -i video.flv -i palette.png -filter_complex "fps=1.2,scale=900:-1:flags=lanczos[x];[x][1:v]paletteuse" video.gif