I create a test.sql file and inside I put:
begin
alter table table1 enable row movement;
alter table table1 shrink space;
end;
/
Is this not allowed? Because I get error:
Encountered the symbol "ALTER" when expecting one of the following:
begin case declare exit for goto if loop mod null pragma
raise return select update while with <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> <<
close current delete fetch lock insert open rollback
savepoint set sql execute commit forall merge pipe
You cannot issue DDL as static SQL in a PL/SQL block. If you want to put those commands in a PL/SQL block, you'd need to use dynamic SQL, i.e.
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter table table1 enable row movement';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter table table1 shrink space cascade';
END;
/
It may be easier, however, to just issue consecutive SQL statements rather than issuing a single PL/SQL block.
Related
I am currently trying to delete all rows of a table that is linked to another one via foreign key.
My Code looks kinda like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE Procedure test
BEGIN
DELETE FROM person;
End;
/
The Errors says: ora-02292 integrity constraint violated - child record found
When I try to just diable the constraints then it says i cant 'ALTER' the table.
What do i have to do/change?
You shouldn't just disable constraint, because you'll leave child records orphans (there will be NO parent record for them). What will you do, then?
Correct way to handle it is to
delete children first
delete parents last
If foreign key constraint was created with the on delete cascade option, database would handle it for you.
P.S. As of "you can't ALTER the table" - that's not an Oracle error message. They have their codes, such as ORA-06550. It is difficult to guess what you actually did, and - if I had to guess - I'd say that you tried to do that within the procedure:
SQL> create table temp (id number constraint pkt primary key);
Table created.
SQL> begin
2 alter table temp disable constraint pkt;
3 end;
4 /
alter table temp disable constraint pkt;
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-06550: line 2, column 3:
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "ALTER" when expecting one of the following:
( begin case declare exit for goto if loop mod null pragma
raise return select update while with <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> <<
continue close current delete fetch lock insert open rollback
savepoint set sql execute commit forall merge pipe purge
You'll need dynamic SQL to do that:
SQL> begin
2 execute immediate 'alter table temp disable constraint pkt';
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
But, once again, that's not the way you should handle this situation.
My stored procedure is like this:
create or replace procedure tpk.sp_Test_proc
IS
err_code NUMBER;
err_msg VARCHAR (500);
v_tbl_cnt NUMBER;
v_tbl_valid NUMBER;
Begin
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_tbl_cnt FROM USER_TABLES
WHERE TABLE_NAME IN (UPPER('Tbl1'),UPPER('tbl2'),UPPER('tbl3'));
IF(v_tbl_cnt =3) THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'TRUNCATE TABLE Tbl1';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'TRUNCATE TABLE Tbl2';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'TRUNCATE TABLE Tbl3';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE Tbl1';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE Tbl2';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE Tbl3';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
'CREATE global temporary TABLE tbl1
( Id Integer... )'
Insert into tbl1
Select * from another_schema.Dw_table /* In this line it throws error Table does not exist */
end if;
end;
I tired same table with store procedure only to fetch the data its working there but when I used in Insert statement it throws an error
PL/SQL: ORA-00942 table or view does not exist.
I am totally confused - what's wrong here?
Select * from another_schema.Dw_table
You don't have a privilege to select from that table. Even if you think you do (granted via a role), it won't work in stored procedures - you have to grant it directly to user you're connected to.
Besides, there's no point in truncating tables first, and dropping them next. Just drop them.
Furthermore, there's rarely need to create tables dynamically (the way you do it), especially global temporary tables. Create them once, use them many times. No dropping. No (re)creating them in PL/SQL.
I am a SQL Server user and I have a small project to do using Oracle, so I’m trying to understand some of the particularities of Oracle and I reckon that I need some help to better understand the following situation:
I want to test if a temporary table exists before creating it so I had this code here:
DECLARE
table_count INTEGER;
var_sql VARCHAR2(1000) := 'create GLOBAL TEMPORARY table TEST (
hello varchar(1000) NOT NULL)';
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO table_count FROM all_tables WHERE table_name = 'TEST';
IF table_count = 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE var_sql;
END IF;
END;
It works normally, so after I executed it once, I added an else statement on my IF:
ELSE
insert into test (hello) values ('hi');
Executed it again and a line was added to my test table.
Ok, my code was ready and working, so I dropped the temp table and tried to run the entire statement again, however when I do that I get the following error:
ORA-06550: line 11, column 19:
PL/SQL: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ORA-06550: line 11, column 7:
PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored
06550. 00000 - "line %s, column %s:\n%s"
*Cause: Usually a PL/SQL compilation error.
*Action:
Then I changed my else statement to this and now it works again:
ELSE
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'insert into test (hello) values (''hi'')';
My question is why running individually I can simply use the insert instead of the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE and also why my SELECT statement right after BEGIN still works when all the rest appears to need EXECUTE IMMEDIATE to run properly?
The whole PL/SQL block is parsed at compile time, but the text within a dynamic statement isn't evaluated until runtime. (They're close to the same thing for an anonymous block, but still distinct steps).
Your if/else isn't evaluated until runtime either. The compiler doesn't know that the table will always exist by the time you do your insert, it can only check whether or not it exists at the point it parses the whole block.
If the table does already exist then it's OK; the compiler can see it, the block executes, your select gets 1, and you go into the else to do the insert. But if it does not exist then the parsing of the insert correctly fails with ORA-00942 at compile time and nothing in the block is executed.
Since the table creation is dynamic, all references to the table have to be dynamic too - your insert as you've seen, but also if you then query it. Basically it makes your code much harder to read and can hide syntax errors - since the dynamic code isn't parsed until run-time, and it's possible you could have a mistake in a dynamic statement in a branch that isn't hit for a long time.
Global temporary tables should not be created on-the-fly anyway. They are permanent objects with temporary data, specific to each session, and should not be created/dropped as part of your application code. (No schema changes should be made by your application generally; they should be confined to upgrade/maintenance changes and be controlled, to avoid errors, data loss and unexpected side effects; GTTs are no different).
Unlike temporary tables in some other relational databases, when you create a temporary table in an Oracle database, you create a static table definition. The temporary table is a persistent object described in the data dictionary, but appears empty until your session inserts data into the table. You create a temporary table for the database itself, not for every PL/SQL stored procedure.
Create the GTT once and make all your PL/SQL code static. If you want something closer to SQL Server's local temporary tables then look into PL/SQL collections.
PL/SQL: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
It is compile time error, i.e. when the static SQL is parsed before even the GTT is created.
Let's see the difference between compile time and run time error:
Static SQL:
SQL> DECLARE
2 v number;
3 BEGIN
4 select empno into v from a;
5 end;
6 /
select empno into v from a;
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-06550: line 4, column 26:
PL/SQL: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ORA-06550: line 4, column 1:
PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored
Dynamic SQL:
SQL> DECLARE
2 v number;
3 BEGIN
4 execute immediate 'select empno from a' into v;
5 end;
6 /
DECLARE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ORA-06512: at line 4
In the 1st PL/SQL block, there was a semantic check at compile time, and you could see the PL/SQL: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist. In the 2nd PL/SQL block, you do not see the PL/SQL error.
Bottomline,
At compile time it is not known if the table exists, as it is
only created at run time.
In your case, to avoid this behaviour, you need to make the INSERT also dynamic and use EXECUTE IMMEDIATE. In that way, you can escape the compile time error and get the table created dynamically and also do an insert into it dynamically at run time.
Having said that, the basic problem is that you are trying to create GTT on the fly which is not a good idea. You should create it once, and use it the way you want.
I have modified your code a litle bit and it works as far as logic is concerned. But as exp[lained in earlier posts creating GTT on the fly at run time is not at all is a goood idea.
--- Firstly by dropping the table i.e NO TABLE EXISTS in the DB in AVROY
SET serveroutput ON;
DECLARE
table_count INTEGER;
var_sql VARCHAR2(1000) := 'create GLOBAL TEMPORARY table TEST (
hello varchar(1000) NOT NULL)';
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE AVROY.TEST'; --Added the line just to drop the table as per your comments
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO table_count
FROM all_tables
WHERE table_name = 'TEST'
AND OWNER = 'AVROY';
IF table_count = 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE var_sql;
dbms_output.put_line('table created');
ELSE
INSERT INTO AVROY.test
(hello
) VALUES
('hi'
);
END IF;
END;
--------------------OUTPUT-----------------------------------------------
anonymous block completed
table created
SELECT COUNT(*)
-- INTO table_count
FROM all_tables
WHERE table_name = 'TEST'
AND OWNER = 'AVROY';
COUNT(*)
------
1
--------
-- Second option is without DROPPING TABLE
SET serveroutput ON;
DECLARE
table_count INTEGER;
var_sql VARCHAR2(1000) := 'create GLOBAL TEMPORARY table TEST (
hello varchar(1000) NOT NULL)';
BEGIN
--EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE AVROY.TEST';
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO table_count
FROM all_tables
WHERE table_name = 'TEST'
AND OWNER = 'AVROY';
IF table_count = 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE var_sql;
dbms_output.put_line('table created');
ELSE
INSERT INTO AVROY.test
(hello
) VALUES
('hi'
);
dbms_output.put_line(SQL%ROWCOUNT||' Rows inserted into the table');
END IF;
END;
-------------------------------OUTPUT-------------------------------------
anonymous block completed
1 Rows inserted into the table
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Error(5,1): PLS-00103:
Encountered the symbol "CREATE" when expecting one of the following:
( begin case declare exit for goto if loop mod null pragma raise return select update while with <an identifier> <a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> << continue close current delete fetch lock insert open rollback savepoint set sql execute commit forall merge pipe purge
Below the code I've written.
CREATE OR replace FUNCTION First_three_records
RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_emp ON COMMIT DROP AS
SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE deptno=20;
INSERT INTO tgt
SELECT *
FROM temp_emp;
END;
Oracle does not have local temporary tables, and you can't create objects within a PL/SQL block unless you use dynamic SQL; and it's very rarely necessary or a good idea. Your schema should be created in a controlled way, not on the fly.
You could use a collection instead but there is no point here, you can just do:
INSERT INTO tgt
SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE deptno=20;
I'm not sure why you're wrapping that in a function at all; your function is also declared to return a number, but you have no return statement.
Thanks for all,We can create a table dynamically with the help of execute immediate query. But when we create a table it is been created but if i wanted to create table dynamically with dynamic no of columns then question was raised. Actually I had created a table but when I created no of columns along with the table then a lots of errors raised. The following is the code which I had written in the Oracle in a procedure.
declare
no_of_cols number:=&no_of_cols;
colname varchar2(20);
coldata varchar2(20);
i number;
begin
execute immediate 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10))';
age:='age';
datf:='number'
if(no_of_cols>=2) then
for i in 2..no_of_cols loop
colname:=age;
coldata:=datf;
execute immediate 'alter table smapl add '||colname||' '||coldata;
end loop;
end if;
end;
then this code executing with four columns with same type if no_of_cols is 5.Then i had modified the code and run the plsql program.the program is as follows
declare
no_of_cols number:=&no_of_cols;
colname varchar2(20);
age varchar2(20);
datf varchar2(20);
coldata varchar2(20);
i number;
begin
execute immediate 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10))';
if(no_of_cols>=2) then
for i in 2..no_of_cols loop
age :=&age;
datf:=&datf;
colname:=age;
coldata:=datf;
execute immediate 'alter table smapl add '||colname||' '||coldata;
end loop;
end if;
end;
The following are the errors which are generated when the above procedure is created
[Error] Execution (13: 19): ORA-06550: line 13, column 19:
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol ";" when expecting one of the following:
( - + case mod new not null <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable>
continue avg count current exists max min prior sql stddev
sum variance execute forall merge time timestamp interval
date <a string literal with character set specification>
<a number> <a single-quoted SQL string> pipe
<an alternatively-quoted string literal with character set specification>
<an alternatively
i had done some modifications for the above plsql,then the plsql code will as follows
declare
no_of_cols number:=&no_of_cols;
colname varchar2(20):='&colname';
coldata varchar2(20):='&coldata';
i number;
begin
execute immediate 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10))';
if(no_of_cols>=2) then
for i in 2..no_of_cols loop
execute immediate 'alter table smapl add '||colname||' '||coldata;
end loop;
end if;
end;
then after executing i am getting the following error and it doenot read column name dynamically
[Error] Execution (1: 1): ORA-02263: need to specify the datatype for this column
ORA-06512: at line 10
You cannot use semicolons in EXECUTE IMMEDIATE for single statements
Here's a quote from the documentation:
Except for multi-row queries, the dynamic string can contain any SQL statement (without the final semicolon) or any PL/SQL block (with the final semicolon).
Remove the semicolon from EXECUTE IMMEDIATE.
execute immediate 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10));'; -- this is your code
execute immediate 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10))'; -- correct code, no semicolon at end
But there's another problem.
You need to understand how substitution variables (&variable) works
SQL*Plus will prompt for substituion variables only once: just before the script compiles, before running it. And then the variables are replaced in the script verbatim, after which it will get compiled and executed.
For example, when you run your script, SQL*Plus recognizes that there are two unknown literals (&colname and &coldata), and will prompt for you. If you supply the values 'age', and 'number' for them, SQL*Plus will rewrite the script like this:
declare
-- omitted to add clarity
begin
execute immediate 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10));';
if(no_of_cols>=2) then
for i in 2..no_of_cols loop
colname:=age;
coldata:=number;
execute immediate 'alter table smapl add '||colname||' '||coldata;
end loop;
end if;
end;
So if you want to assign a string literal to a variable, and you want to get that string from a substitution variable, you need to do this:
colname varchar2(30) := '&colname'; -- notice the single quotes
Assuming you provided 'age' for colname SQL*Plus will happily convert this to:
colname varchar2(30) := 'age';
So, placing a substitution variable inside a loop will not make SQL*Plus repeatedly prompt you for it's value.
For better understanding and analyze you should do it like this:
sqlcmd varhchar(30000);
begin
sqlcmd := 'create table smap1(nam varchar2(10))';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(sqlcmd);
execute immediate sqlcmd;
if(no_of_cols>=2) then
for i in 2..no_of_cols loop
age :=&age;
datf:=&datf;
colname:=age;
coldata:=datf;
sqlcmd := 'alter table smapl add '||colname||' '||coldata;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(sqlcmd);
execute immediate sqlcmd;
end loop;
end if;