How to detect if SendMessage() API is called - winapi

I have the first program (written in Win32 API) using a lot of SendMessage() API; it's already done and works.
The problem is I want to write a second one that can detect SendMessage() is called in the first program and if possible, capture its data (HANDLE, WPARAM, LPARAM...)
Does anyone know solution for this problem?
The DLLStudy.dll:
EDIT: ok, this is what I have so far.
#include <windows.h>
#define SIZE 6
typedef int (WINAPI *pMessageBoxW)(HWND, LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, UINT);
int WINAPI MyMessageBoxW(HWND, LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, UINT);
void BeginRedirect(LPVOID);
pMessageBoxW pOrigMBAddress = NULL;
BYTE oldBytes[SIZE] = {0};
BYTE JMP[SIZE] = {0};
DWORD oldProtect, myProtect = PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;
INT APIENTRY DllMain(HMODULE hDLL, DWORD Reason, LPVOID Reserved)
{
switch(Reason)
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
MessageBoxA(NULL, "Test", "OK", MB_OK);
pOrigMBAddress = (pMessageBoxW)
GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(L"user32.dll"), "MessageBoxW");
if(pOrigMBAddress != NULL)
BeginRedirect(MyMessageBoxW);
break;
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
memcpy(pOrigMBAddress, oldBytes, SIZE);
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
break;
}
return TRUE;
}
void BeginRedirect(LPVOID newFunction)
{
BYTE tempJMP[SIZE] = {0xE9, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xC3};
memcpy(JMP, tempJMP, SIZE);
DWORD JMPSize = ((DWORD)newFunction - (DWORD)pOrigMBAddress - 5);
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)pOrigMBAddress, SIZE,
PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &oldProtect);
memcpy(oldBytes, pOrigMBAddress, SIZE);
memcpy(&JMP[1], &JMPSize, 4);
memcpy(pOrigMBAddress, JMP, SIZE);
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)pOrigMBAddress, SIZE, oldProtect, NULL);
}
int WINAPI MyMessageBoxW(HWND hWnd, LPCWSTR lpText, LPCWSTR lpCaption, UINT uiType)
{
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)pOrigMBAddress, SIZE, myProtect, NULL);
memcpy(pOrigMBAddress, oldBytes, SIZE);
int retValue = MessageBoxW(hWnd, lpText, lpCaption, uiType);
memcpy(pOrigMBAddress, JMP, SIZE);
VirtualProtect((LPVOID)pOrigMBAddress, SIZE, oldProtect, NULL);
return retValue;
}
The Injector.cpp
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
char const Path[]="DLLStudy.dll";
int main(int argc, char* argv)
{
HANDLE hWnd, hProcess, AllocAdresse, hRemoteThread;
DWORD PID;
hWnd = FindWindow(0,"Notepad");
GetWindowThreadProcessId((HWND)hWnd, &PID);
hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, false, PID);
AllocAdresse = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, 0, sizeof(Path), MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, (void*)AllocAdresse, (void*)Path, sizeof(Path), 0);
hRemoteThread=CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, 0, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"),"LoadLibraryA"), AllocAdresse, 0, 0);
WaitForSingleObject(hRemoteThread, INFINITE);
VirtualFreeEx(hProcess, AllocAdresse, sizeof(Path), MEM_DECOMMIT);
CloseHandle(hProcess);
}
EDIT 2: Well, I've managed to make it work. So how to get data from SendMessage() if it is called?

You need to use CreateRemoteThread to inject a DLL into the first application. In the DLL's entrymain, you'd write code to remap the external call to SendMessage to your own SendMessageX which can then tell your other application when SendMessage is being called, and then pass the original call to the WIN32 subsystem.

Related

How do I get rid of flicker with STM_SETIMAGE

We have updated our windows code to use Styles and since then we get a flicker in various parts of the code when using STM_SETIMAGE to update a bitmap on a window.
I have created a minimal reproducible example here. Can anyone tell me what I need to do to get rid of the flicker please ?
The code simply redraws a bitmap every 1/100 second and calls the windows function to set the image onto the window. It worked without a flicker before we added Windows Styles.
Thanks
Shaun
#include <windows.h>
#include <CommCtrl.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <objbase.h>
#pragma comment(linker,"\"/manifestdependency:type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
//--------------------------------------
#ifndef HINST_THISCOMPONENT
EXTERN_C IMAGE_DOS_HEADER __ImageBase;
#define HINST_THISCOMPONENT ((HINSTANCE)&__ImageBase)
#endif
//--------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
//--------------------------------------
HWND logo;
HWND m_hwnd;
HBITMAP testBitmap;
int counter=0;
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned int u32;
//--------------------------------------
HRESULT App_Initialize()
{
HRESULT hr;
// Register the window class.
WNDCLASSEX wcex = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX) };
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = sizeof(LONG_PTR);
wcex.hInstance = HINST_THISCOMPONENT;
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);;
wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.lpszClassName = TEXT("myApp");
RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
int dpiX = 0;
int dpiY = 0;
HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);
if (hdc)
{
dpiX = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSX);
dpiY = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSY);
ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc);
}
m_hwnd = CreateWindow( TEXT("myApp"), TEXT("Simple Set image Example"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_CLIPCHILDREN, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 640, 640, NULL,NULL,HINST_THISCOMPONENT,0);
hr = m_hwnd ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(m_hwnd);
}
logo = CreateWindow("Static", NULL, SS_BITMAP | WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, 40, 40,512,512, m_hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
return hr;
}
//----------------------------------------------
void Redraw()
{
DeleteObject(testBitmap);
testBitmap=0;
u8 * RenderImageData=(u8*)malloc(512*512*4);
u32 * p=(u32*)RenderImageData;
for(int i=0;i<512;i++)
{
p[i+counter*512]=0xff000000;
p[i*512+counter]=0xff000000;
}
testBitmap = CreateBitmap(512,512, 4, 8, RenderImageData);
SendMessage(logo,STM_SETIMAGE, IMAGE_BITMAP, (LPARAM) testBitmap);
free(RenderImageData);
counter=(counter+1)&511;
}
//----------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance ,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance ,LPSTR lpCmdLine ,int nCmdShow)
{
if (SUCCEEDED(CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
if (SUCCEEDED(App_Initialize()))
{
MSG msg;
while(1)
{
while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0,0,PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
Sleep(10);
Redraw();
}
}
CoUninitialize();
}
return 0;
}
//----------------------------------------------
I found this code which seems to work.
Instead of
HBITMAP hbm=(HBITMAP)SendMessage(hWndPic,STM_SETIMAGE, IMAGE_BITMAP, (LPARAM) pD->hbitmap);
I call
GDI_SetImageX(pD->hbitmap,hWndPic, xs, ys);
void GDI_SetImageX( HBITMAP hBM, HWND hCtrl , int w, int h)
{
HDC hdcSrc=CreateCompatibleDC(0);
HDC hdcDst=GetDC(hCtrl);
HGDIOBJ hbmOld=SelectObject(hdcSrc,hBM);
HGDIOBJ hbmNew=CreateBitmap(w,h,4,8,0);
HGDIOBJ hbmOld2=SelectObject(hdcDst,hbmNew);
BitBlt(hdcDst,0,0,w,h,hdcSrc,0,0,0x00cc0020);
SelectObject(hdcSrc,hbmOld);
DeleteDC(hdcSrc);
ReleaseDC(hCtrl,hdcDst);
SendMessage(hCtrl,0x0b,0,0);
LRESULT oBM=SendMessage(hCtrl,STM_SETIMAGE, IMAGE_BITMAP, (LPARAM) hBM);
SendMessage(hCtrl,0x0b,1,0);
DeleteObject(hBM);
}

Preview handler only works when application is invoked from Explorer

I made a simple application that creates a window and then uses preview handlers to display a preview of a file passed as an argument to the application, see code below.
This works perfectly fine when just drag'n'dropping the file to preview onto the .exe file (or alternatively just hard coding the file path instead and then launching the .exe directly from explorer), but fails for almost all preview handlers when invoking it from a terminal (powershell, cmd, whatever) with e.g. ./main.exe testfile.docx. It also fails when trying to invoke it from other processes.
The issue i described happens (among others) for the following preview handlers:
MS Office preview handler for excel files, CLSID {00020827-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}
MS Office preview handler for word files, CLSID {84F66100-FF7C-4fb4-B0C0-02CD7FB668FE}
Edge preview handler for pdf files, CLSID {3A84F9C2-6164-485C-A7D9-4B27F8AC009E}
MS Office preview handler for power point files, CLSID {65235197-874B-4A07-BDC5-E65EA825B718}. For the power point preview handler, the initialize call to the IInitializeWithFile interface fails hresult 0x86420003
It works fine for the following preview handlers:
Windows provided preview handler for text files, CLSID {1531d583-8375-4d3f-b5fb-d23bbd169f22}
Windows provided preview handler for html files, CLSID {f8b8412b-dea3-4130-b36c-5e8be73106ac}
When i say it "fails", i mean that it just doesn't display a preview, none of the function calls fail. See images:
test.xlsx excel file dragged onto .exe file, same result when hardcoding path to test.xlsx and just starting the application from explorer:
Path to test.xlsx passed as command line argument (./main.exe ./test.xlsx in powershell):
I am not sure, what would cause this or where to even start looking or what to search for, so any input on this would be appreciated.
Note: I asked a similar question a few days ago, but that was a seperate issue.
Compile with cl /std:c++20 /EHsc main.cpp, expects path to a file to preview as first command line parameter. Since i used a bit of winrt, this requires windows 10.
#pragma comment(lib, "Shlwapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "user32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "WindowsApp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "Ole32.lib")
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <array>
#include <filesystem>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <shlwapi.h>
#include <winrt/base.h>
#include <ShObjIdl.h>
class Preview{
winrt::com_ptr<IPreviewHandler> mPreviewHandler;
bool mIsActive = false;
bool mIsInitialized = false;
std::filesystem::path mFilePath;
HWND mHwnd;
RECT mRect;
public:
Preview(const std::filesystem::path& filePath, const HWND hwnd, const RECT& rect):
mFilePath(filePath), mHwnd(hwnd), mRect(rect){
createPreviewHandler();
initialize();
};
void setRect(const RECT& rect){
mPreviewHandler->SetRect(&rect);
mRect = rect;
}
void setWindow(const HWND hwnd, const RECT& rect){
mPreviewHandler->SetWindow(hwnd, &rect);
mHwnd = hwnd;
setRect(rect);
}
void startPreview(){
if(!mIsActive){
if(!mIsInitialized){
initialize();
}
mPreviewHandler->DoPreview();
setRect(mRect);
mIsActive = true;
}
}
void stopPreview(){
if(mIsActive){
mPreviewHandler->Unload();
mIsActive = false;
mIsInitialized = false;
}
}
private:
void createPreviewHandler(){
CLSID previewHandlerId = getShellExClsidForType(mFilePath.extension());
mPreviewHandler.capture(CoCreateInstance, previewHandlerId, nullptr, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER);
}
CLSID getShellExClsidForType(const std::wstring& extension){
winrt::hresult res;
DWORD size;
std::array<wchar_t, 39> interfaceIdWstr;
size = StringFromGUID2(IID_IPreviewHandler, interfaceIdWstr.data(), interfaceIdWstr.size());
if(!size){
winrt::throw_hresult(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
}
std::array<wchar_t, 39> exIdWstr;
res = AssocQueryStringW(ASSOCF_INIT_DEFAULTTOSTAR,
ASSOCSTR_SHELLEXTENSION,
extension.c_str(),
interfaceIdWstr.data(),
exIdWstr.data(),
&size);
winrt::check_hresult(res);
CLSID exId;
res = IIDFromString(exIdWstr.data(), &exId);
winrt::check_hresult(res);
return(exId);
}
void initialize(){
initializeFromPath(mFilePath);
setWindow(mHwnd, mRect);
mIsInitialized = true;
}
void initializeFromPath(const std::filesystem::path& filePath){
if(!initWithFile(filePath) && !initWithStream(filePath)){
winrt::throw_hresult(E_NOINTERFACE);
}
}
bool initWithFile(const std::filesystem::path& filePath){
if(!mPreviewHandler.try_as<IInitializeWithFile>()){
return(false);
}
winrt::check_hresult(mPreviewHandler.as<IInitializeWithFile>()->Initialize(filePath.c_str(), STGM_READ));
return(true);
}
bool initWithStream(const std::filesystem::path& filePath){
if(!mPreviewHandler.try_as<IInitializeWithStream>()){
return(false);
}
winrt::com_ptr<IStream> stream;
stream.capture([](LPCWSTR pszFile, DWORD grfMode, REFIID riid, void **ppstm)
{return(SHCreateStreamOnFileEx(pszFile, grfMode, 0, false, nullptr, reinterpret_cast<IStream**>(ppstm)));},
filePath.c_str(), STGM_READ | STGM_SHARE_DENY_WRITE | STGM_FAILIFTHERE);
winrt::check_hresult(mPreviewHandler.as<IInitializeWithStream>()->Initialize(stream.get(), STGM_READ));
return(true);
}
};
HMODULE getCurrentModule(){
HMODULE hModule;
GetModuleHandleEx(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS,
(LPCTSTR)getCurrentModule,
&hModule);
return(hModule);
}
LRESULT windowProc(HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam){
LPARAM ret = 0;
switch(msg){
case WM_CLOSE:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
ret = 0;
}break;
default:
{
ret = DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}break;
}
return(ret);
}
HWND createTestWindow(){
WNDCLASSW wndClass;
wndClass.style = 0;
wndClass.lpfnWndProc = windowProc;
wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndClass.hInstance = getCurrentModule();
wndClass.hIcon = nullptr;
wndClass.hCursor = nullptr;
wndClass.hbrBackground = nullptr;
wndClass.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
wndClass.lpszClassName = L"test";
ATOM wndAtom = RegisterClassW(&wndClass);
if(!wndAtom){
winrt::throw_hresult(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
}
HWND window = CreateWindowExW(0,
L"Test",
L"",
WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
0,
0,
wndClass.hInstance,
nullptr);
if(!window){
winrt::throw_hresult(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
}
ShowWindow(window, SW_NORMAL);
return(window);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
try{
winrt::check_hresult(CoInitialize(nullptr));
if(!SetProcessDpiAwarenessContext(DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT_SYSTEM_AWARE)){
winrt::throw_hresult(E_FAIL);
}
if(argc != 2){
return(1);
}
std::filesystem::path filePath(argv[1]);
HWND window = createTestWindow();
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(window, &rect);
Preview preview(filePath, window, rect);
preview.startPreview();
MSG msg;
while(GetMessageW(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0) != 0){
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}catch(winrt::hresult_error err){
std::wcout << "0x" << std::hex << err.code() << " " << static_cast<std::wstring_view>(err.message());
}catch(...){}
}
Call GetFullPathName on argv[1]. The shell functions can't parse a relative path into a pidl.

Windows Cmd Hook not working

i am trying to hook the CreateProcess under cmd.exe.
i manage to inject the dll the the cmd process but after the injection the dll process detach message receive and i fail to hook the createprocess function call.
i am using easyhook.
my code:
#include <windows.h>
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#include <easyhook.h>
BOOL WINAPI myCreateProcess(
_In_opt_ LPCTSTR lpApplicationName,
_Inout_opt_ LPTSTR lpCommandLine,
_In_opt_ LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
_In_opt_ LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
_In_ BOOL bInheritHandles,
_In_ DWORD dwCreationFlags,
_In_opt_ LPVOID lpEnvironment,
_In_opt_ LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory,
_In_ LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo,
_Out_ LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation
){
OutputDebugString(L"\n !!!!!! In CreateProcess HOOK\n !!!!!!!!");
return CreateProcessW(lpApplicationName, lpCommandLine, lpProcessAttributes, lpThreadAttributes, bInheritHandles, dwCreationFlags, lpEnvironment, lpCommandLine, lpStartupInfo, lpProcessInformation);
}
BOOL APIENTRY DllMain(HMODULE hModule,
DWORD ul_reason_for_call,
LPVOID lpReserved
)
{
BOOL bErrorFlag = FALSE;
DWORD dwBytesToWrite = (DWORD)strlen(DataBuffer);
DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
switch (ul_reason_for_call)
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
{
HOOK_TRACE_INFO hHook = { NULL }; // keep track of our hook
// Install the hook
NTSTATUS result = LhInstallHook(
GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32")), "CreateProcessW"),
myCreateProcess,
NULL,
&hHook);
if (FAILED(result))
{
OutputDebugString(L"!!!!!!!!!!!FAIL!!!!!!!!");
return 1;
}
ULONG ACLEntries[1] = { 0 };
LhSetInclusiveACL(ACLEntries, 1, &hHook);
OutputDebugString(L"!!!!!!!!!!!!Injection Succeed!!!!!!!!!!!!");
break;
}
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:{
OutputDebugString(L"!!!!!!!!!!!!dll thread attach!!!!!!!!!!!!");
break;
}
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
{
OutputDebugString(L"!!!!!!!!!!!!dll thread Detach!!!!!!!!!!!!");
break;
}
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
{
OutputDebugString(L"!!!!!!!!!!!!dll process Detach!!!!!!!!!!!!");
break;
}
}
}
i receive the "Injection Succeed" message and right after the "dll process Detach" message .
any ideas?
try changing :
LhSetInclusiveACL(ACLEntries, 1, &hHook);
to :
LhSetExclusiveACL(ACLEntries, 1, &hHook);

C++ win32 API Window won't update on WindowUpdate

I have a program that is supposed to display a count that increments every second. The counter is in a separate thread. I call WindowUpdate when a change has occurred but the count in the window does not update unless I hover the mouse pointer over the window or resize the window. I have tried InvalidateRect and RedrawWindow but they don't work either.
Why won't the counter updates display?
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <sdkddkver.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
typedef struct DataTransfer {
BOOL Updated;
int Counter;
} TRANSFER, *PTRANSFER;
TRANSFER Payload;
PTRANSFER pPayload;
DWORD dwThreadId;
HANDLE hThread;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void DisplayData(HDC hDC);
void ErrorHandler(LPTSTR lpszFunction);
DWORD WINAPI Counter(LPVOID lpParam);
int
APIENTRY
wWinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPWSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
MSG msg;
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
ZeroMemory(&wcex, sizeof(wcex));
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(wcex);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpszClassName = TEXT("MYFIRSTWINDOWCLASS");
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(hInstance, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
return 1;
CREATESTRUCT cs;
ZeroMemory(&cs, sizeof(cs));
cs.x = 0;
cs.y = 0;
cs.cx = 200;
cs.cy = 300;
cs.hInstance = hInstance;
cs.lpszClass = wcex.lpszClassName;
cs.lpszName = TEXT("Test");
cs.style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
HWND hWnd = ::CreateWindowEx(
cs.dwExStyle,
cs.lpszClass,
cs.lpszName,
cs.style,
cs.x,
cs.y,
cs.cx,
cs.cy,
cs.hwndParent,
cs.hMenu,
cs.hInstance,
cs.lpCreateParams);
if (!hWnd)
return 1;
DWORD dwThreadId;
HANDLE hThread;
pPayload = (PTRANSFER)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, sizeof(TRANSFER));
if (pPayload == NULL)
ExitProcess(2);
pPayload->Updated = FALSE;
pPayload->Counter = 0;
// Display the window.
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
hThread = CreateThread(
NULL,
0,
Counter,
pPayload,
0,
&dwThreadId);
if (hThread == NULL)
ExitProcess(2);
while (1)
{
if (pPayload->Updated == TRUE)
{
// InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, FALSE);
// RedrawWindow(hWnd, NULL, NULL, RDW_INVALIDATE | RDW_UPDATENOW);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
}
if (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0)
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
::UnregisterClass(wcex.lpszClassName, hInstance);
return (int)msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT
CALLBACK
WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
PAINTSTRUCT paintStruct;
HDC hDC;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
::PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &paintStruct);
DisplayData(hDC);
EndPaint(hWnd, &paintStruct);
return 0;
break;
default:
return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
void DisplayData(HDC hDC)
{
char OutputStr[32];
sprintf_s(OutputStr, sizeof(OutputStr) - 1, "%d", pPayload->Counter);
TextOut(hDC, 100, 100, OutputStr, strlen(OutputStr));
}
DWORD WINAPI Counter(LPVOID lpParam)
{
PTRANSFER pTransfer;
pTransfer = (PTRANSFER)lpParam;
while (1)
{
pTransfer->Counter++;
pTransfer->Updated = TRUE;
Sleep(1000);
}
}
void ErrorHandler(LPTSTR lpszFunction)
{
LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
DWORD dw = GetLastError();
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
NULL,
dw,
MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
(LPTSTR)&lpMsgBuf,
0, NULL);
lpDisplayBuf = (LPVOID)LocalAlloc(LMEM_ZEROINIT,
(lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf) + lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction) + 40) * sizeof(TCHAR));
StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
TEXT("%s failed with error %d: %s"),
lpszFunction, dw, lpMsgBuf);
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf, TEXT("Error"), MB_OK);
LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
}
(Disclaimer: This answer was written by the seat of my pants. Please correct me if I made an error somewhere.)
You are not doing what you are trying to do properly.
First, as Jonathan Potter has noted, UpdateWindow() by itself will not update the window unless it has an invalid region. The InvalidateRect() call will invalidate a rectangle. So you need both...
...but in reality you don't really want to call UpdateWindow() directly, because it bypasses the Windows drawing model. After calling InvalidateRect(), if there are no pending messages next time GetMessage() is called, and Windows itself decides it's time to refresh the screen contents with new data, you'll get a WM_PAINT message. The system knows when it's best to paint; you'll make your life easier by using it. Only use UpdateWindow() when it is vital that you want the window to redraw right now.
(The point of the invalid region is also due to the Windows drawing model: drawing can be very expensive, so Windows tries to optimize drawing by only redrawing what is needed. Invalidate only the part of your window that needs to be updated, and you'll get better performance.)
But there is a deeper issue: you do not implement multithreading properly.
Your worker thread is generating data every second and overwriting a shared structure. Your window is reading from that shared structure. There is nothing in place to ensure that only one thread is accessing that shared structure at a time. As a result, you'll wind up with ptential mixed state if your worker thread ever grows from a simple integer to a large and complex data structure.
You need to synchronize your data accesses. Communicate between threads.
How? The obvious method is to use a synchronization object, like a mutex. And you can totally do that.
But there's a better way: since one of your threads has a window, just use a window message! Window messages sent using SendMessage() will be received on the window's thread (with the calling thread blocked); messages posted using PostMessage() will be placed on the window's thread's message queue.
Plus you can pass not one but two pieces of information in that message! Both wParam and lParam are pointer-sized integers, so just stuff a pointer in one of them and use SendMessage() or PostMessage()!
But what message do you use? Every* message in the range [WM_USER, WM_APP) is available to the window class to decide what to use it for, and every message in the range [WM_APP, 0xC000) is for the application to decide what to use it for. So just pick one and use it!
Just remember how SendMessage() and PostMessage() work. If the data is allocated on the heap, and each piece of data is allocated separately, then it doesn't matter; if the data is a pointer to a local variable, SendMessage() is the correct answer; if the data is a numeric value that can fit in a pointer-sized integer, either will work. If you need a response, your worker thread will either need a window of its own or the use of SendMessage() to get a value back from the window.
There are lots of ways to do this. It all depends on what data you need to communicate. As the Go programming language's designers say (altered somewhat): don't communicate by sharing data; share data by communicating.
*until you call IsDialogMessage(), at which point you lose WM_USER and WM_USER + 1 (and possibly WM_USER + 2 as well?). But that's only three messages out of over 32,000.
Your problem is in your message loop:
while (1)
{
if (pPayload->Updated == TRUE) {
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
}
if (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
GetMessage is synchronous, and doesn't return until a message is available for retrieval. The code sits there, waiting for a message to arrive most of the time, and will not evaluate pPayload->Updated. Consequently, no updates happen, until a message arrives. But even then, nothing happens, since UpdateWindow sends "a WM_PAINT message to the window if the window's update region is not empty." UpdateWindow by itself doesn't do anything useful.1)
You could solve this by reworking your message loop. The following issues need to be addressed:
A call to InvalidateRect must precede the call to UpdateWindow.
Access to the shared data must be synchronized.
The message loop needs to terminate, when GetMessage returns 0 or -1.
None of this is necessary, though. You don't need a background thread. A single-threaded application will do just fine. Just use a Timer to trigger updates to the stored value, and the visual representation. Here is a rough sketch for a window procedure implementing a timer-based solution:
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
static unsigned __int64 startTime = ::GetTickCount64();
const UINT_PTR timerId = 1;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
// Start timer when window is created
::SetTimer(hWnd, timerId, 1000, nullptr);
return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
case WM_TIMER: {
unsigned __int64 currTime = ::GetTickCount64();
Counter = (currTime - startTime) / 1000;
// Value changed -> initiate window update
::InvalidateRect(hWnd, nullptr, FALSE);
// Re-start timer
::SetTimer(hWnd, timerId, 1000, nullptr);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
::KillTimer(hWnd, timerId);
::PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_PAINT: {
PAINTSTRUCT paintStruct = {0};
HDC hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &paintStruct);
DisplayData(hDC);
EndPaint(hWnd, &paintStruct);
}
return 0;
default:
return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
A few notes on the implementation:
The timer uses a fixed time-out value of 1000 milliseconds. This will occasionally skip an update. The error doesn't accumulate, though, as the Counter is re-evaluated whenever the timer expires. If you more steady updates, calculate the remaining time-out value based on the Counter, startTime, and currTime.
Counter is the variable that holds the current time in seconds. It is a replacement for TRANSFER::Counter, that needs to be accessible from both the window procedure and the rendering code.
1) There is another issue with your message loop: It never terminates, and neither does your process. The GUI may disappear, but the process will still show up in Task Manager.
i marked my alterations with comment <<updated
instead of setting flag Updated, i changed it to be hWnd, and then update the window instantly and directly from the thread
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <sdkddkver.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
typedef struct DataTransfer {
//BOOL Updated; // << updated
int Counter;
HWND hWnd; // << updated
} TRANSFER, *PTRANSFER;
TRANSFER Payload;
PTRANSFER pPayload;
DWORD dwThreadId;
HANDLE hThread;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void DisplayData(HDC hDC);
void ErrorHandler(LPTSTR lpszFunction);
DWORD WINAPI Counter(LPVOID lpParam);
int
APIENTRY
wWinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPWSTR lpCmdLine,
int nShowCmd)
{
MSG msg;
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
ZeroMemory(&wcex, sizeof(wcex));
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(wcex);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpszClassName = TEXT("MYFIRSTWINDOWCLASS");
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //<< updated
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
return 1;
CREATESTRUCT cs;
ZeroMemory(&cs, sizeof(cs));
cs.x = 0;
cs.y = 0;
cs.cx = 200;
cs.cy = 300;
cs.hInstance = hInstance;
cs.lpszClass = wcex.lpszClassName;
cs.lpszName = TEXT("Test");
cs.style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
cs.dwExStyle,
cs.lpszClass,
cs.lpszName,
cs.style,
cs.x,
cs.y,
cs.cx,
cs.cy,
cs.hwndParent,
cs.hMenu,
cs.hInstance,
cs.lpCreateParams);
if (!hWnd)
return 1;
DWORD dwThreadId;
HANDLE hThread;
pPayload = (PTRANSFER)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, sizeof(TRANSFER));
if (pPayload == NULL)
ExitProcess(2);
//pPayload->Updated = FALSE; //<< updated
pPayload->hWnd=hWnd;
pPayload->Counter = 0;
// Display the window.
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
hThread = CreateThread( NULL, 0, Counter, pPayload, 0, &dwThreadId);
if (hThread == NULL)
ExitProcess(2);
while (1)
{
// ____[ updated ]_____
/*
if (pPayload->Updated == TRUE)
{
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
pPayload->Updated=FALSE;
}
*/
int ret=GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0);//<< updated
if(ret==0 || ret==-1)
break;
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
UnregisterClass(wcex.lpszClassName, hInstance);
return (int)msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT
CALLBACK
WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
PAINTSTRUCT paintStruct;
HDC hDC;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &paintStruct);
DisplayData(hDC);
EndPaint(hWnd, &paintStruct);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
void DisplayData(HDC hDC)
{
char OutputStr[32];
sprintf_s(OutputStr, sizeof(OutputStr) - 1, "%d", pPayload->Counter);
TextOut(hDC, 100, 100, OutputStr, strlen(OutputStr));
}
DWORD WINAPI Counter(LPVOID lpParam)
{
PTRANSFER pTransfer;
pTransfer = (PTRANSFER)lpParam;
while (1)
{
pTransfer->Counter++;
InvalidateRect(pTransfer->hWnd,NULL,1);
Sleep(1000);
}
}
void ErrorHandler(LPTSTR lpszFunction)
{
LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
DWORD dw = GetLastError();
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
NULL,
dw,
MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
(LPTSTR)&lpMsgBuf,
0, NULL);
lpDisplayBuf = (LPVOID)LocalAlloc(LMEM_ZEROINIT,
(lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf) + lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction) + 40) * sizeof(TCHAR));
StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
TEXT("%s failed with error %d: %s"),
lpszFunction, dw, lpMsgBuf);
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf, TEXT("Error"), MB_OK);
LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
}

waveInClose/Reset/Stop - no msg

I'm doing audio sampling with waveInProc callback. The problem is that when I'm trying to stop sampling and close the audio device I get no msg in the callback - tried waveInStop, waveInClose, waveInReset.
Pls advice.
10xs,
Nahum
HWAVEIN hWaveIn
waveInOpen(&hWaveIn,WAVE_MAPPER,&waveform,(DWORD)waveInProc,0, CALLBACK_FUNCTION);
waveInStart(hWaveIn);
waveInStop(hWaveIn); //OR
waveInClose(hWaveIn); //OR
waveInReset(hWaveIn); //OR
UPDATE: Here is the code:
Starting:
waveInOpen(&hWaveIn,WAVE_MAPPER,&waveform,(DWORD)waveInProc,0, CALLBACK_FUNCTION);
waveInPrepareHeader(hWaveIn,pWaveHdr1,sizeof(WAVEHDR));
waveInAddBuffer(hWaveIn,pWaveHdr1,sizeof(WAVEHDR));
waveInStart(hWaveIn);
void CALLBACK waveInProc( HWAVEIN hwi, UINT uMsg, DWORD dwInstance,
DWORD dwParam1, DWORD dwParam2 )
{
if (uMsg == WIM_OPEN)
{
return;
}
if (uMsg == WIM_DATA)
{
//process data
waveInAddBuffer(hWaveIn,(PWAVEHDR)dwParam1,sizeof(WAVEHDR));
return;
}
if (uMsg == WIM_CLOSE) //NOT GETTING THIS MSG
{
printf("*****************got WIM_CLOSE\n");
}
}
So how to stop sampling and close the audio device?
Here is the code:
Starting:
waveInOpen(&hWaveIn,WAVE_MAPPER,&waveform,(DWORD)waveInProc,0, CALLBACK_FUNCTION);
waveInPrepareHeader(hWaveIn,pWaveHdr1,sizeof(WAVEHDR));
waveInAddBuffer(hWaveIn,pWaveHdr1,sizeof(WAVEHDR));
waveInStart(hWaveIn);
void CALLBACK waveInProc( HWAVEIN hwi, UINT uMsg, DWORD dwInstance,
DWORD dwParam1, DWORD dwParam2 )
{
if (uMsg == WIM_OPEN)
{
return;
}
if (uMsg == WIM_DATA)
{
//process data
waveInAddBuffer(hWaveIn,(PWAVEHDR)dwParam1,sizeof(WAVEHDR));
return;
}
if (uMsg == WIM_CLOSE) //NOT GETTING THIS MSG
{
printf("*****************got WIM_CLOSE\n");
}
}
So how to stop sampling and close the audio device?
10xs,
Nahum
Are you checking your waveInOpen result?
Because it works as expected:
hWaveIn 0x005B7768, nMessage 0x03BE, nInstance 0, nParameter1 0, nParameter2 0
nWaveInOpenResult 0, hWaveIn 0x005B7768
hWaveIn 0x005B7768, nMessage 0x03BF (WIM_CLOSE), nInstance 0, nParameter1 0, nParameter2 0
Code:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib")
VOID CALLBACK waveInProc(HWAVEIN hWaveIn, UINT nMessage, DWORD_PTR nInstance, DWORD_PTR nParameter1, DWORD_PTR nParameter2)
{
_tprintf(_T("hWaveIn 0x%p, nMessage 0x%04X, nInstance %d, nParameter1 %d, nParameter2 %d\n"), hWaveIn, nMessage, nInstance, nParameter1, nParameter2);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
WAVEFORMATEX Format = { WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, 1, 8000, 16000, 2, 16, 0 };
HWAVEIN hWaveIn = NULL;
const MMRESULT nWaveInOpenResult = waveInOpen(&hWaveIn, WAVE_MAPPER, &Format, (DWORD_PTR) &waveInProc, 0, CALLBACK_FUNCTION);
_tprintf(_T("nWaveInOpenResult %d, hWaveIn 0x%p\n"), nWaveInOpenResult, hWaveIn);
waveInStart(hWaveIn);
waveInStop(hWaveIn);
waveInClose(hWaveIn);
return 0;
}
While processing data in real code make sure to take this into consideration: within the callback function:
Applications should not call any system-defined functions from inside
a callback function, except for EnterCriticalSection,
LeaveCriticalSection, midiOutLongMsg, midiOutShortMsg,
OutputDebugString, PostMessage, PostThreadMessage, SetEvent,
timeGetSystemTime, timeGetTime, timeKillEvent, and timeSetEvent.
Calling other wave functions will cause deadlock.
To re-add buffer, you need to indicate such as need by signalling to another thread, using PostMessage or SetEvent, so that your code outside of the callback could receive this indication and re-add the empty buffer from there.

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