How to update multiple rows in the oracle database with different record set.
It's not pretty, but you can do this with MERGE INTO, using a UNION of SELECT ... FROM DUAL as the merge source.
Given:
create table writer (
id integer primary key,
name varchar2(255) not null
)
You can do:
merge into writer dst
using (
select 1 as id, 'Edward Luttwak' as name from dual
union
select 2 as id, 'Iain Sinclair' as name from dual
) src
on (dst.id = src.id)
when matched then update set dst.name = src.name
when not matched then insert (dst.id, dst.name) values (src.id, src.name);
For each row you want to update, add a term to the union in the subquery. If you know that the rows are definitely updates, and never inserts, you can drop the whole when matched clause.
Related
In Snowflake I am trying to insert updated records to a table. Then I want to identify the records that were just inserted as the most recent records save that as the final table output in a new column called ACTIVE which will either be true or flase. I am having an issue incorporating some sort of updated table segment to my current query. I need everything be contained in the same query rather than break it up into separate parts.
I have my table as follows
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS MY_TABLE
(
LINK_ID BINARY NOT NULL,
LOAD TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
SOURCE STRING NOT NULL,
SOURCE_DATE TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
ORDER BIGINT NOT NULL,
ID BINARY NOT NULL,
ATTRIBUTE_ID BINARY NOT NULL
);
I have records being inserted in this way:
INSERT ALL
WHEN HAS_DATA AND ID_SEQ_NUM > 1 AND (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM MY_TABLE WHERE ID = KEY) = 0 THEN
INTO MY_TABLE VALUES (
LINK_KEY,
TIME,
DATASET_NAME,
DATASET_DATE,
ORDER_NUMBER,
O_KEY,
OA_KEY
)
SELECT *
FROM TEST_TABLE;
I would like my final table from this to be the output as
SELECT *, ORDER != MAX(ORDER) OVER (PARTITION BY ID) AS ACTIVE
FROM MY_TABLE;
This is so I can identify the most recent record per ID group as ACTIVE/TRUE and the previous records within that ID group as INACTIVE/FALSE
I tried to use an insert overwrite method like this
INSERT ALL
WHEN HAS_DATA AND ID_SEQ_NUM > 1 AND (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM MY_TABLE WHERE ID = KEY) = 0 THEN
INTO MY_TABLE VALUES (
LINK_KEY,
TIME,
DATASET_NAME,
DATASET_DATE,
ORDER_NUMBER,
O_KEY,
OA_KEY
)
INSERT OVERWRITE INTO MY_TABLE
SELECT *, RSRC_OFFSET != MAX(RSRC_OFFSET) OVER (PARTITION BY ID) AS ACTIVE
FROM L_OPTION_OPTION_ALLOCATION_TEST
SELECT *
FROM MY_TABLE;
However, it seems the insert overwrite doesn't work in this way (also I am not sure if I can just add a new column to the table like this?). Is there a way I can incorporate it into this query or a different way to update the table with this new ACTIVE column within this query itself?
Also I am using INSERT ALL here because I actually have multiple different tables I am inserting into at once, but this is the current table that I am trying to modify.
You can use the overwrite option with conditional multi-table inserts.
Starting with your current statement:
INSERT ALL
WHEN HAS_DATA AND ID_SEQ_NUM > 1 AND (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM MY_TABLE WHERE ID = KEY) = 0 THEN
INTO MY_TABLE VALUES (
LINK_KEY,
TIME,
DATASET_NAME,
DATASET_DATE,
ORDER_NUMBER,
O_KEY,
OA_KEY
)
SELECT *
FROM TEST_TABLE;
Add the overwrite option immediately after the insert command:
INSERT OVERWRITE ALL
WHEN HAS_DATA AND ID_SEQ_NUM > 1 AND (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM MY_TABLE WHERE ID = KEY) = 0 THEN
INTO MY_TABLE VALUES (
LINK_KEY,
TIME,
DATASET_NAME,
DATASET_DATE,
ORDER_NUMBER,
O_KEY,
OA_KEY
)
SELECT *
FROM TEST_TABLE;
Note that this will truncate and insert ALL tables in the multi-table insert. There is not a way to be selective about which tables get truncated and inserted and which don't.
https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/insert-multi-table.html#optional-parameters
Wondering if there is a way to insert a row into a table from another, with exception of one column in the middle without specifying all the column name? I have 128 columns in the table.
I created a view to store the original records.
CREATE VIEW V_TXN_STG AS
SELECT * FROM TXN_STG;
In table TXN_STG, only one column BRN_CODE is changing.
Something like this doesn't work, because the column is not on the last, but somewhere middle of table structure.
INSERT INTO TXN_STG
SELECT v.*, 'BRN-001' AS BRN_CODE
FROM V_TXN_STG v;
I don't believe that this is possible without explicitly specifying the columns in your select.
first you have to get the columns:
SELECT listagg(column_name, ',') within group (order by column_name) columns
FROM all_tab_columns
WHERE table_name = 'AAA' --Table to insert too
and column_name <> 'B' -- column name you want to exclude
GROUP BY table_name;
Then insert that result on the first row:
insert into aaa(A,C) -- A,C is my result from above,I have excluded column B
select *
from (select 'a' A,'q' AMOUNT,'c' C from dual union all -- my sample data
select 'a','a','c' from dual union all
select 'a','b','c' from dual union all
select 'a','c','c' from dual union all
select 'a','d','c' from dual )
pivot
(
max(1)
for (AMOUNT) -- the column you want to remove from the sample data
IN ()
)
where 1=1
order by A;
INSERT INTO CUST_ID_HISTORY(CUST_ID,PREVIOUS_CUST_ID,UPDATE_DATE)
SELECT CUST_ID,PREVIOUS_CUST_ID,UPDATE_DATE
FROM CUST_ID_HISTORY WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM CUST_ID_HISTORY WHERE
CUST_ID='SCB301' AND PREVIOUS_CUST_ID='SCB201');
Above query insert a new record to CUST_ID_HISTORY when inserted value is not exist in the table.I encounter error ORA-00001: unique constraint with the supplied value, but both values are not exist in the table.
Your statement selects from CUST_ID_HISTORY and inserts into CUST_ID_HISTORY . In other words, when there is no record for where CUST_ID != 'SCB301' and PREVIOUS_CUST_ID != 'SCB201' it tries to create a duplicate record for every record in CUST_ID_HISTORY. Presumably this is the table's primary key, hence the ORA-00001 unique key violation.
If what you're trying to achieve is insert a record into CUST_ID_HISTORY for those values perhaps you need a merge statement. Something like this:
merge into CUST_ID_HISTORY tgt
using ( select 'SCB301' as id, 'SCB201' as prev_id
from dual ) src
on ( src.id = tgt.cust_id
and src.prev_id = tgt.prev_cust_id)
when not matched then
insert (cust_id, prev_cust_id, update_date)
values (src.id, src.prev_id, sysdate)
/
The query:
INSERT INTO CUST_ID_HISTORY(CUST_ID,PREVIOUS_CUST_ID,UPDATE_DATE)
SELECT CUST_ID,PREVIOUS_CUST_ID,UPDATE_DATE
FROM CUST_ID_HISTORY
will duplicate all the rows of the CUST_ID_HISTORY table.
Adding the filter:
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM CUST_ID_HISTORY
WHERE CUST_ID='SCB301' AND PREVIOUS_CUST_ID='SCB201'
);
Will check whether there is an existing row in table with CUST_ID='SCB301' AND PREVIOUS_CUST_ID='SCB201' if the row does not exist then all the rows from the CUST_ID_HISTORY table will be duplicated and, if such a row exists then the statement will insert zero rows.
So your query will either duplicate all the rows or will do nothing.
If you want to insert a single new row, checking that it does not exist then:
INSERT INTO CUST_ID_HISTORY(CUST_ID,PREVIOUS_CUST_ID,UPDATE_DATE)
SELECT 'SCB301',
'SCB201',
SYSDATE -- The current date/time
FROM DUAL
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM CUST_ID_HISTORY
WHERE CUST_ID='SCB301' AND PREVIOUS_CUST_ID='SCB201'
);
or:
MERGE INTO CUST_ID_HISTORY dst
USING (
SELECT 'SCB301' AS CUST_ID,
'SCB201' AS PREVIOUS_CUST_ID
FROM DUAL
) src
ON ( src.CUST_ID = dst.CUST_ID
AND src.PREVIOUS_CUST_ID = dst.PREVIOUS_CUST_ID )
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT ( CUST_ID, PREVIOUS_CUST_ID, UPDATE_DATE )
VALUES ( src.CUST_ID, src.PREVIOUS_CUST_ID, SYSDATE );
Which will both check if there is an existing row and insert a single row if it does not exist.
I have two tables. if the data in table1 is more than a predefined limit (say 2), i need to copy the remaining contents of table1 to table2 and delete those same contents from table1.
I used the below query to insert the excess data from table1 to table2.
insert into table2
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE ROWNUM < ((select count(*) from table1)-2);
Now i need the delete query to delete the above contents from table1.
Thanks in advance.
A straightforward approach would be an interim storage in a temporary table. Its content can be used to determine the data to be deleted from table1 as well as the source to feed table 2.
Assume (slightly abusing notation) to be the PK column (or that of any candidate key) of table1 - usually there'll be some key that comprises only 1 column.
create global temporary table t_interim as
( SELECT <pk> pkc FROM table1 WHERE ROWNUM < ((select count(*) from table1)-2 )
;
insert into table2
select * from table1 where <pk> IN (
select pkc from t_interim
);
delete from table1 where <pk> IN (
select pkc from t_interim
);
Alternative
If any key of table1 spans more than 1 column, use an EXISTS clause instead as follows ( denoting the i-th component of a candidate key in table1):
create global temporary table t_interim as
( SELECT <ck_1> ck1, <ck_2> ck2, ..., <ck_n> ckn FROM table1 WHERE ROWNUM < ((select count(*) from table1)-2 )
;
insert into table2
select * from table1 t
where exists (
select 1
from t_interim t_i
where t.ck_1 = t_i.ck1
and t.ck_2 = t_i.ck2
...
and t.ck_n = t_i.ckn
)
;
delete from table1 t where
where exists (
select 1
from t_interim t_i
where t.ck_1 = t_i.ck1
and t.ck_2 = t_i.ck2
...
and t.ck_n = t_i.ckn
)
;
(Technically you could try to adjust the first scheme by synthesizing a key from the components of any CK, eg. by concatenating. You run the risk of introducing ambiguities ( (a bc, ab c) -> (abc, abc) ) or run into implementation limits ( max. varchar length ) using the first method)
Note
In case the table doesn't have a PK, you can apply the technique using any candidate key of table1. There will always be one, in the extreme case it's the set of all columns.
This situation may be the right time to improve the db design and add a (synthetic) pk column to table1 ( and any other tables in the system that lack it).
What is the easiest way to INSERT a row if it doesn't exist, in PL/SQL (oracle)?
I want something like:
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table WHERE name = 'jonny') THEN
INSERT INTO table VALUES ("jonny", null);
END IF;
But it's not working.
Note: this table has 2 fields, say, name and age. But only name is PK.
INSERT INTO table
SELECT 'jonny', NULL
FROM dual -- Not Oracle? No need for dual, drop that line
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT NULL -- canonical way, but you can select
-- anything as EXISTS only checks existence
FROM table
WHERE name = 'jonny'
)
Assuming you are on 10g, you can also use the MERGE statement. This allows you to insert the row if it doesn't exist and ignore the row if it does exist. People tend to think of MERGE when they want to do an "upsert" (INSERT if the row doesn't exist and UPDATE if the row does exist) but the UPDATE part is optional now so it can also be used here.
SQL> create table foo (
2 name varchar2(10) primary key,
3 age number
4 );
Table created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 merge into foo a
2 using (select 'johnny' name, null age from dual) b
3 on (a.name = b.name)
4 when not matched then
5 insert( name, age)
6* values( b.name, b.age)
SQL> /
1 row merged.
SQL> /
0 rows merged.
SQL> select * from foo;
NAME AGE
---------- ----------
johnny
If name is a PK, then just insert and catch the error. The reason to do this rather than any check is that it will work even with multiple clients inserting at the same time. If you check and then insert, you have to hold a lock during that time, or expect the error anyway.
The code for this would be something like
BEGIN
INSERT INTO table( name, age )
VALUES( 'johnny', null );
EXCEPTION
WHEN dup_val_on_index
THEN
NULL; -- Intentionally ignore duplicates
END;
I found the examples a bit tricky to follow for the situation where you want to ensure a row exists in the destination table (especially when you have two columns as the primary key), but the primary key might not exist there at all so there's nothing to select.
This is what worked for me:
MERGE INTO table1 D
USING (
-- These are the row(s) you want to insert.
SELECT
'val1' AS FIELD_A,
'val2' AS FIELD_B
FROM DUAL
) S ON (
-- This is the criteria to find the above row(s) in the
-- destination table. S refers to the rows in the SELECT
-- statement above, D refers to the destination table.
D.FIELD_A = S.FIELD_A
AND D.FIELD_B = S.FIELD_B
)
-- This is the INSERT statement to run for each row that
-- doesn't exist in the destination table.
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (
FIELD_A,
FIELD_B,
FIELD_C
) VALUES (
S.FIELD_A,
S.FIELD_B,
'val3'
)
The key points are:
The SELECT statement inside the USING block must always return rows. If there are no rows returned from this query, no rows will be inserted or updated. Here I select from DUAL so there will always be exactly one row.
The ON condition is what sets the criteria for matching rows. If ON does not have a match then the INSERT statement is run.
You can also add a WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE clause if you want more control over the updates too.
Using parts of #benoit answer, I will use this:
DECLARE
varTmp NUMBER:=0;
BEGIN
-- checks
SELECT nvl((SELECT 1 FROM table WHERE name = 'john'), 0) INTO varTmp FROM dual;
-- insert
IF (varTmp = 1) THEN
INSERT INTO table (john, null)
END IF;
END;
Sorry for I don't use any full given answer, but I need IF check because my code is much more complex than this example table with name and age fields. I need a very clear code. Well thanks, I learned a lot! I'll accept #benoit answer.
In addition to the perfect and valid answers given so far, there is also the ignore_row_on_dupkey_index hint you might want to use:
create table tq84_a (
name varchar2 (20) primary key,
age number
);
insert /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index(tq84_a(name)) */ into tq84_a values ('Johnny', 77);
insert /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index(tq84_a(name)) */ into tq84_a values ('Pete' , 28);
insert /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index(tq84_a(name)) */ into tq84_a values ('Sue' , 35);
insert /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index(tq84_a(name)) */ into tq84_a values ('Johnny', null);
select * from tq84_a;
The hint is described on Tahiti.
you can use this syntax:
INSERT INTO table_name ( name, age )
select 'jonny', 18 from dual
where not exists(select 1 from table_name where name = 'jonny');
if its open an pop for asking as "enter substitution variable" then use this before the above queries:
set define off;
INSERT INTO table_name ( name, age )
select 'jonny', 18 from dual
where not exists(select 1 from table_name where name = 'jonny');
You should use Merge:
For example:
MERGE INTO employees e
USING (SELECT * FROM hr_records WHERE start_date > ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -1)) h
ON (e.id = h.emp_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET e.address = h.address
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (id, address)
VALUES (h.emp_id, h.address);
or
MERGE INTO employees e
USING hr_records h
ON (e.id = h.emp_id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET e.address = h.address
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (id, address)
VALUES (h.emp_id, h.address);
https://oracle-base.com/articles/9i/merge-statement
CTE and only CTE :-)
just throw out extra stuff. Here is almost complete and verbose form for all cases of life. And you can use any concise form.
INSERT INTO reports r
(r.id, r.name, r.key, r.param)
--
-- Invoke this script from "WITH" to the end (";")
-- to debug and see prepared values.
WITH
-- Some new data to add.
newData AS(
SELECT 'Name 1' name, 'key_new_1' key FROM DUAL
UNION SELECT 'Name 2' NAME, 'key_new_2' key FROM DUAL
UNION SELECT 'Name 3' NAME, 'key_new_3' key FROM DUAL
),
-- Any single row for copying with each new row from "newData",
-- if you will of course.
copyData AS(
SELECT r.*
FROM reports r
WHERE r.key = 'key_existing'
-- ! Prevent more than one row to return.
AND FALSE -- do something here for than!
),
-- Last used ID from the "reports" table (it depends on your case).
-- (not going to work with concurrent transactions)
maxId AS (SELECT MAX(id) AS id FROM reports),
--
-- Some construction of all data for insertion.
SELECT maxId.id + ROWNUM, newData.name, newData.key, copyData.param
FROM copyData
-- matrix multiplication :)
-- (or a recursion if you're imperative coder)
CROSS JOIN newData
CROSS JOIN maxId
--
-- Let's prevent re-insertion.
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM reports rs
WHERE rs.name IN(
SELECT name FROM newData
));
I call it "IF NOT EXISTS" on steroids. So, this helps me and I mostly do so.