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So I have a hash like the following:
grade_hash = {bill: [100, 95, 92], frank: [67, 73, 84]}
I'm trying to find the average for both Bill and Frank.
I know that if I did something like:
def average (grade_hash)
grade_hash.transform_values{|num| num.reduce(:+)/num.size}
end
I can then pull out either Bill or Franks average.
How would I pull the average from all values (Bill and Frank's combined)?
I've attempted to do a .each at the end to iterate over but that doesn't seem to work because I wouldn't want to really iterate I would just want to take the sum from each created array then find an average.
Thoughts?
Try this one
def average(grade_hash)
grades = grade_hash.values.flatten
grades.sum / grades.size.to_f
end
def combined_average(grade_hash, *students)
raise ArgumentError, "There must be at least one student" if students.empty?
non_students = students - grade_hash.keys
raise ArgumentError, "#{non_students} are not students" if non_students.any?
arr = grade_hash.values_at(*students).flatten
arr.sum.fdiv(arr.size).round(1)
end
grade_hash = {bill: [100, 95, 92], frank: [67, 73, 84], julie: [99, 99, 100] }
combined_average(grade_hash, :bill) #=> 95.7
combined_average(grade_hash, :frank) #=> 74.7
combined_average(grade_hash, :julie) #=> 99.3
combined_average(grade_hash, :bill, :frank) #=> 85.2
combined_average(grade_hash, :bill, :frank, :julie) #=> 89.9
combined_average(grade_hash, :bill, :mimi, :freddie)
#=>ArgumentError: [:mimi, :freddie] are not students...
combined_average(grade_hash)
#=> ArgumentError: There must be at least one student...
You're probably familiar with the following Ruby shorthand (a is an array):
a.map(&:method)
For example, try the following in irb:
>> a=[:a, 'a', 1, 1.0]
=> [:a, "a", 1, 1.0]
>> a.map(&:class)
=> [Symbol, String, Fixnum, Float]
The syntax a.map(&:class) is a shorthand for a.map {|x| x.class}.
Read more about this syntax in "What does map(&:name) mean in Ruby?".
Through the syntax &:class, you're making a method call class for each array element.
My question is: can you supply arguments to the method call? And if so, how?
For example, how do you convert the following syntax
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map {|x| x + 2}
to the &: syntax?
I'm not suggesting that the &: syntax is better.
I'm merely interested in the mechanics of using the &: syntax with arguments.
I assume you know that + is a method on Integer class. You can try the following in irb:
>> a=1
=> 1
>> a+(1)
=> 2
>> a.send(:+, 1)
=> 2
You can create a simple patch on Symbol like this:
class Symbol
def with(*args, &block)
->(caller, *rest) { caller.send(self, *rest, *args, &block) }
end
end
Which will enable you to do not only this:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map(&:+.with(2))
# => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
But also a lot of other cool stuff, like passing multiple parameters:
arr = ["abc", "babc", "great", "fruit"]
arr.map(&:center.with(20, '*'))
# => ["********abc*********", "********babc********", "*******great********", "*******fruit********"]
arr.map(&:[].with(1, 3))
# => ["bc", "abc", "rea", "rui"]
arr.map(&:[].with(/a(.*)/))
# => ["abc", "abc", "at", nil]
arr.map(&:[].with(/a(.*)/, 1))
# => ["bc", "bc", "t", nil]
And even work with inject, which passes two arguments to the block:
%w(abecd ab cd).inject(&:gsub.with('cde'))
# => "cdeeecde"
Or something super cool as passing [shorthand] blocks to the shorthand block:
[['0', '1'], ['2', '3']].map(&:map.with(&:to_i))
# => [[0, 1], [2, 3]]
[%w(a b), %w(c d)].map(&:inject.with(&:+))
# => ["ab", "cd"]
[(1..5), (6..10)].map(&:map.with(&:*.with(2)))
# => [[2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]]
Here is a conversation I had with #ArupRakshit explaining it further:
Can you supply arguments to the map(&:method) syntax in Ruby?
As #amcaplan suggested in the comment below, you could create a shorter syntax, if you rename the with method to call. In this case, ruby has a built in shortcut for this special method .().
So you could use the above like this:
class Symbol
def call(*args, &block)
->(caller, *rest) { caller.send(self, *rest, *args, &block) }
end
end
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map(&:+.(2))
# => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
[(1..5), (6..10)].map(&:map.(&:*.(2)))
# => [[2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]]
Here is a version using Refinements (which is less hacky than globally monkey patching Symbol):
module AmpWithArguments
refine Symbol do
def call(*args, &block)
->(caller, *rest) { caller.send(self, *rest, *args, &block) }
end
end
end
using AmpWithArguments
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map(&:+.(2))
# => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
[(1..5), (6..10)].map(&:map.(&:*.(2)))
# => [[2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]]
For your example can be done a.map(&2.method(:+)).
Arup-iMac:$ pry
[1] pry(main)> a = [1,3,5,7,9]
=> [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
[2] pry(main)> a.map(&2.method(:+))
=> [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
[3] pry(main)>
Here is how it works :-
[3] pry(main)> 2.method(:+)
=> #<Method: Fixnum#+>
[4] pry(main)> 2.method(:+).to_proc
=> #<Proc:0x000001030cb990 (lambda)>
[5] pry(main)> 2.method(:+).to_proc.call(1)
=> 3
2.method(:+) gives a Method object. Then &, on 2.method(:+), actually a call #to_proc method, which is making it a Proc object. Then follow What do you call the &: operator in Ruby?.
As the post you linked to confirms, a.map(&:class) is not a shorthand for a.map {|x| x.class} but for a.map(&:class.to_proc).
This means that to_proc is called on whatever follows the & operator.
So you could give it directly a Proc instead:
a.map(&(Proc.new {|x| x+2}))
I know that most probably this defeats the purpose of your question but I can't see any other way around it - it's not that you specify which method to be called, you just pass it something that responds to to_proc.
There is another native option for enumerables which is pretty only for two arguments in my opinion. the class Enumerable has the method with_object which then returns another Enumerable.
So you can call the & operator for a method with each item and the object as arguments.
Example:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.to_enum.with_object(2).map(&:+) # => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
In the case you want more arguments you should repeat the proccess but it's ugly in my opinion:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.to_enum.with_object(2).map(&:+).to_enum.with_object(5).map(&:+) # => [8, 10, 12, 14, 16]
Short answer: No.
Following #rkon's answer, you could also do this:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map &->(_) { _ + 2 } # => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
if all your method needs as argument is an element from the array, this is probably the simplest way to do it:
def double(x)
x * 2
end
[1, 2, 3].map(&method(:double))
=> [2, 4, 6]
Instead of patching core classes yourself, as in the accepted answer, it's shorter and cleaner to use the functionality of the Facets gem:
require 'facets'
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map &:+.(2)
I'm surprised no one mentioned using curry yet, which has been in Ruby since Ruby 2.2.9. Here's how it can be done in the way OP wants using the standard Ruby library:
[1,3,5,7,9].map(&:+.to_proc.curry(2).call(11))
# => [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
You need to supply an arity to curry that matches the call, though. This is because the interpreter doesn't know which object the + method refers to yet. This also means you can only use this when all the objects in map have the same arity. But that's probably not an issue if you're trying to use it this way.
I'm not sure about the Symbol#with already posted, I simplified it quite a bit and it works well:
class Symbol
def with(*args, &block)
lambda { |object| object.public_send(self, *args, &block) }
end
end
(also uses public_send instead of send to prevent calling private methods, also caller is already used by ruby so this was confusing)
You're probably familiar with the following Ruby shorthand (a is an array):
a.map(&:method)
For example, try the following in irb:
>> a=[:a, 'a', 1, 1.0]
=> [:a, "a", 1, 1.0]
>> a.map(&:class)
=> [Symbol, String, Fixnum, Float]
The syntax a.map(&:class) is a shorthand for a.map {|x| x.class}.
Read more about this syntax in "What does map(&:name) mean in Ruby?".
Through the syntax &:class, you're making a method call class for each array element.
My question is: can you supply arguments to the method call? And if so, how?
For example, how do you convert the following syntax
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map {|x| x + 2}
to the &: syntax?
I'm not suggesting that the &: syntax is better.
I'm merely interested in the mechanics of using the &: syntax with arguments.
I assume you know that + is a method on Integer class. You can try the following in irb:
>> a=1
=> 1
>> a+(1)
=> 2
>> a.send(:+, 1)
=> 2
You can create a simple patch on Symbol like this:
class Symbol
def with(*args, &block)
->(caller, *rest) { caller.send(self, *rest, *args, &block) }
end
end
Which will enable you to do not only this:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map(&:+.with(2))
# => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
But also a lot of other cool stuff, like passing multiple parameters:
arr = ["abc", "babc", "great", "fruit"]
arr.map(&:center.with(20, '*'))
# => ["********abc*********", "********babc********", "*******great********", "*******fruit********"]
arr.map(&:[].with(1, 3))
# => ["bc", "abc", "rea", "rui"]
arr.map(&:[].with(/a(.*)/))
# => ["abc", "abc", "at", nil]
arr.map(&:[].with(/a(.*)/, 1))
# => ["bc", "bc", "t", nil]
And even work with inject, which passes two arguments to the block:
%w(abecd ab cd).inject(&:gsub.with('cde'))
# => "cdeeecde"
Or something super cool as passing [shorthand] blocks to the shorthand block:
[['0', '1'], ['2', '3']].map(&:map.with(&:to_i))
# => [[0, 1], [2, 3]]
[%w(a b), %w(c d)].map(&:inject.with(&:+))
# => ["ab", "cd"]
[(1..5), (6..10)].map(&:map.with(&:*.with(2)))
# => [[2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]]
Here is a conversation I had with #ArupRakshit explaining it further:
Can you supply arguments to the map(&:method) syntax in Ruby?
As #amcaplan suggested in the comment below, you could create a shorter syntax, if you rename the with method to call. In this case, ruby has a built in shortcut for this special method .().
So you could use the above like this:
class Symbol
def call(*args, &block)
->(caller, *rest) { caller.send(self, *rest, *args, &block) }
end
end
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map(&:+.(2))
# => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
[(1..5), (6..10)].map(&:map.(&:*.(2)))
# => [[2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]]
Here is a version using Refinements (which is less hacky than globally monkey patching Symbol):
module AmpWithArguments
refine Symbol do
def call(*args, &block)
->(caller, *rest) { caller.send(self, *rest, *args, &block) }
end
end
end
using AmpWithArguments
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map(&:+.(2))
# => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
[(1..5), (6..10)].map(&:map.(&:*.(2)))
# => [[2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]]
For your example can be done a.map(&2.method(:+)).
Arup-iMac:$ pry
[1] pry(main)> a = [1,3,5,7,9]
=> [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
[2] pry(main)> a.map(&2.method(:+))
=> [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
[3] pry(main)>
Here is how it works :-
[3] pry(main)> 2.method(:+)
=> #<Method: Fixnum#+>
[4] pry(main)> 2.method(:+).to_proc
=> #<Proc:0x000001030cb990 (lambda)>
[5] pry(main)> 2.method(:+).to_proc.call(1)
=> 3
2.method(:+) gives a Method object. Then &, on 2.method(:+), actually a call #to_proc method, which is making it a Proc object. Then follow What do you call the &: operator in Ruby?.
As the post you linked to confirms, a.map(&:class) is not a shorthand for a.map {|x| x.class} but for a.map(&:class.to_proc).
This means that to_proc is called on whatever follows the & operator.
So you could give it directly a Proc instead:
a.map(&(Proc.new {|x| x+2}))
I know that most probably this defeats the purpose of your question but I can't see any other way around it - it's not that you specify which method to be called, you just pass it something that responds to to_proc.
There is another native option for enumerables which is pretty only for two arguments in my opinion. the class Enumerable has the method with_object which then returns another Enumerable.
So you can call the & operator for a method with each item and the object as arguments.
Example:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.to_enum.with_object(2).map(&:+) # => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
In the case you want more arguments you should repeat the proccess but it's ugly in my opinion:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.to_enum.with_object(2).map(&:+).to_enum.with_object(5).map(&:+) # => [8, 10, 12, 14, 16]
Short answer: No.
Following #rkon's answer, you could also do this:
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map &->(_) { _ + 2 } # => [3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
if all your method needs as argument is an element from the array, this is probably the simplest way to do it:
def double(x)
x * 2
end
[1, 2, 3].map(&method(:double))
=> [2, 4, 6]
Instead of patching core classes yourself, as in the accepted answer, it's shorter and cleaner to use the functionality of the Facets gem:
require 'facets'
a = [1,3,5,7,9]
a.map &:+.(2)
I'm surprised no one mentioned using curry yet, which has been in Ruby since Ruby 2.2.9. Here's how it can be done in the way OP wants using the standard Ruby library:
[1,3,5,7,9].map(&:+.to_proc.curry(2).call(11))
# => [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
You need to supply an arity to curry that matches the call, though. This is because the interpreter doesn't know which object the + method refers to yet. This also means you can only use this when all the objects in map have the same arity. But that's probably not an issue if you're trying to use it this way.
I'm not sure about the Symbol#with already posted, I simplified it quite a bit and it works well:
class Symbol
def with(*args, &block)
lambda { |object| object.public_send(self, *args, &block) }
end
end
(also uses public_send instead of send to prevent calling private methods, also caller is already used by ruby so this was confusing)
This may be a silly one. But I am not able to figure it out.
names = ['Fred', 'John', 'Mark']
age = [27, 40, 25]
location = ['Sweden', 'Denmark', 'Poland']
names.zip(age)
#Outputs => [["Fred", 27], ["John", 40], ["Mark", 25]]
But I need to output it with the 3rd array (location) with it.
#Expected Output => [["Fred", 27,"Sweden"], ["John", 40,"Denmark"], ["Mark", 25,"Poland"]]
The most important condition here is that, there may be any number of arrays but the output should form from the first element of each array and encapsulate inside another array.
Thanks for any help.
Try passing multiple arguments to zip:
names.zip(age, location)
# => [["Fred", 27, "Sweden"], ["John", 40, "Denmark"], ["Mark", 25, "Poland"]]
I know that there must be some simple and elegant way to do this, but I'm drawing a blank.
I have a table (or group of key value pairs)
id,val
64664,68
64665,65
64666,53
64667,68
64668,6
64668,27
64668,33
64669,12
In most cases there is one value per id. In some cases there are multiples.
I want to end up with each id with multiple values represented as an array of those values
something like this:
[ 64664 => 68,
64665 => 65,
64666 => 53,
64668 =>[6,27,33],
64669 => 12
]
Any brilliant ideas?
You can use Hash#merge to merge two hashes. Using Enumerable#inject, you can get what you want.
tbl = [
[64664, 68],
[64665, 65],
[64666, 53],
[64667, 68],
[64668, 6],
[64668, 27],
[64668, 33],
[64669, 12],
]
# Convert the table to array of hashes
hashes = tbl.map { |id, val|
{id => val}
}
# Merge the hashes
hashes.inject { |h1, h2|
h1.merge(h2) { |key,old,new|
(old.is_a?(Array) ? old : [old]) << new
}
}
# => {64664=>68, 64665=>65, 64666=>53, 64667=>68, 64668=>[6, 27, 33], 64669=>12}
values = [
[64664, 68],
[64665, 65],
[64666, 53],
[64667, 68],
[64668, 6],
[64668, 27],
[64668, 33],
[64669, 12],
]
# When key not present, create new empty array as default value
h = Hash.new{|h,k,v| h[k]=[]}
values.each{|(k,v)| h[k] << v}
p h #=>{64664=>[68], 64665=>[65], 64666=>[53], 64667=>[68], 64668=>[6, 27, 33], 64669=>[12]}