IIS 7 Custom Error Page without Web.config - asp.net-mvc-3

Question

Is there any way to set a custom error page in IIS 7 without creating a web.config?
Unfortunately researching this particular topic has been very difficult because there are SO many articles on how to do it with a web.config. What I'm looking for is either buried beneath the 8 million results I don't want or it's not possible.

Answer 1

Yes, there is. It involves either subscribing to the Application_Error event in Global.asax or by writing a custom ErrorHandlerAttribute.

Answer 2

Darin already gave the correct answer, but I want to go into a little more depth.
In any ASP.NET application, given it is Web Forms, MVC, or raw ASP.NET, you can always use Application_Error Global.asax. If your ASP.NET application does not have a Global.asax, all you need to do is right-click your project in Solution Explorer, Add New Item, and choose Global Application Class. You should only have this option available if you don't already have one.
In your Global.asax, if you don't already see it, you can add Application_Error as shown below:
protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) {
}
This will be called automatically by ASP.NET whenever there is an error. But as stated here, this is not perfect. Specifically:
An error handler that is defined in the Global.asax file will only
catch errors that occur during processing of requests by the ASP.NET
runtime. For example, it will catch the error if a user requests an
.aspx file that does not occur in your application. However, it does
not catch the error if a user requests a nonexistent .htm file. For
non-ASP.NET errors, you can create a custom handler in Internet
Information Services (IIS). The custom handler will also not be called
for server-level errors.
In Application_Error you can process the uncaught exception with Server.GetLastError(). This will provide you the Exception that was thrown, or null. I am not sure why this handler would be called if an exception didn't occur, but I believe that it is possible.
To redirect the user, use Response.Redirect(). Whatever you pass for the url is going to be sent directly to the browser without any further processing, so you can't use application-relative paths. To do that I would use this method in combination with VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute(). For example:
Response.Redirect( VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute( "~/Error.aspx" ) );
This redirect will be a 302 (temporary redirect) rather than a 301 (permanent), which is what you want in the case of handling errors. It's worth noting that this overload of Response.Redirect is the same as calling the overload Response.Redirect(url, endResponse: true). This method works by throwing an exception, which is not ideal in terms of performance. Instead, call Response.Redirect(url, false) immediately followed by Response.Complete​Request().
If you're using ASP.NET MVC, [HandleError] is also an option. Place this attribute on your Controller or on an Action within a controller. When this attribute is present, MVC will display the Error view, found in the ~/Views/Shared folder.
But you can make this even easier for yourself. You can automatically add this attribute to call Controllers in your project by creating a FilterConfig class in your project. Example:
public class FilterConfig {
public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters) {
filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
}
}
And then add FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters( GlobalFilters.Filters ); to your Application_Start() in Global.asax.
You can read more about the HandleErrorAttribute at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.mvc.handleerrorattribute(v=vs.118).aspx.
But as stated above, both of these methods will never cover absolutely all errors that can occur during the processing of your application. It's not possible to provide the best user experience for all possible errors without using Web.config or configuring IIS manually.