Count the subsequences of length 4 divisible by 9 - algorithm

Question

To count the subsequences of length 4 of a string of length n which are divisible by 9.
For example if the input string is 9999
then cnt=1
My approach is similar to Brute Force and takes O(n^3).Any better approach than this?

Answer 1

If you want to check if a number is divisible by 9, You better look here.
I will describe the method in short:
checkDividedByNine(String pNum) :
If pNum.length < 1
return false
If pNum.length == 1
return toInt(pNum) == 9;
Sum = 0
For c in pNum:
Sum += toInt(pNum)
return checkDividedByNine(toString(Sum))
So you can reduce the running time to less than O(n^3).
EDIT:
If you need very fast algorithm, you can use pre-processing in order to save for each possible 4-digit number, if it is divisible by 9. (It will cost you 10000 in memory)
EDIT 2:
Better approach: you can use dynamic programming:
For string S in length N:
D[i,j,k] = The number of subsequences of length j in the string S[i..N] that their value modulo 9 == k.
Where 0 <= k <= 8, 1 <= j <= 4, 1 <= i <= N.
D[i,1,k] = simply count the number of elements in S[i..N] that = k(mod 9).
D[N,j,k] = if j==1 and (S[N] modulo 9) == k, return 1. Otherwise, 0.
D[i,j,k] = max{ D[i+1,j,k], D[i+1,j-1, (k-S[i]+9) modulo 9]}.
And you return D[1,4,0].
You get a table in size - N x 9 x 4.
Thus, the overall running time, assuming calculating modulo takes O(1), is O(n).

Answer 2

Assuming that the subsequence has to consist of consecutive digits, you can scan from left to right, keeping track of what order the last 4 digits read are in. That way, you can do a linear scan and just apply divisibility rules.
If the digits are not necessarily consecutive, then you can do some finangling with lookup tables. The idea is that you can create a 3D array named table such that table[i][j][k] is the number of sums of i digits up to index j such that the sum leaves a remainder of k when divided by 9. The table itself has size 45n (i goes from 0 to 4, j goes from 0 to n-1, and k goes from 0 to 8).
For the recursion, each table[i][j][k] entry relies on table[i-1][j-1][x] and table[i][j-1][x] for all x from 0 to 8. Since each entry update takes constant time (at least relative to n), that should get you an O(n) runtime.

Answer 3

How about this one:
/*NOTE: The following holds true, if the subsequences consist of digits in contagious locations */
public int countOccurrences (String s) {
int count=0;
int len = s.length();
String subs = null;
int sum;
if (len < 4)
return 0;
else {
for (int i=0 ; i<len-3 ; i++) {
subs = s.substring(i, i+4);
sum = 0;
for (int j=0; j<=3; j++) {
sum += Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(subs.charAt(j)));
}
if (sum%9 == 0)
count++;
}
return count;
}
}

Answer 4

Here is the complete working code for the above problem based on the above discussed ways using lookup tables
int fun(int h)
{
return (h/10 + h%10);
}
int main()
{
int t;
scanf("%d",&t);
int i,T;
for(T=0;T<t;T++)
{
char str[10001];
scanf("%s",str);
int len=strlen(str);
int arr[len][5][10];
memset(arr,0,sizeof(int)*(10*5*len));
int j,k,l;
for(j=0;j<len;j++)
{
int y;
y=(str[j]-48)%10;
arr[j][1][y]++;
}
//printarr(arr,len);
for(i=len-2;i>=0;i--) //represents the starting index of the string
{
int temp[5][10];
//COPYING ARRAY
int a,b,c,d;
for(a=0;a<=4;a++)
for(b=0;b<=9;b++)
temp[a][b]=arr[i][a][b]+arr[i+1][a][b];
for(j=1;j<=4;j++) //represents the length of the string
{
for(k=0;k<=9;k++) //represents the no. of ways to make it
{
if(arr[i+1][j][k]!=0)
{
for(c=1;c<=4;c++)
{
for(d=0;d<=9;d++)
{
if(arr[i][c][d]!=0)
{
int h,r;
r=j+c;
if(r>4)
continue;
h=k+d;
h=fun(h);
if(r<=4)
temp[r][h]=( temp[r][h]+(arr[i][c][d]*arr[i+1][j][k]))%1000000007;
}}}
}
//copy back from temp array
}
}
for(a=0;a<=4;a++)
for(b=0;b<=9;b++)
arr[i][a][b]=temp[a][b];
}
printf("%d\n",(arr[0][1][9])%1000000007);
}
return 0;
}