What is the best practice to install packages (those with go get...) in a local directory?
Example: I'd like to try out the Revel web framework, but I don't want to clutter my go installation at /usr/local/go.
Normally I'd say sudo go get github.com/robfig/revel as written on the home page, but that would install it beneath /usr/local/go/src/pkg/....
Is there an easy way to say (for example) go get --local ... and have the package in the current (sub) directory?
To expand on keks answer, you can update your .bashrc to look like this
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOPATH=~/workspace/me/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
Now all packages installed with go get are separate from the go distribution.
You can export the env variable GOPATH. For me it is ~/local/lib/go. This folder has the subfolders bin, pkg and src, so it's just like /usr/local/go. The go-tool will then automatically download , build and install packages into this directory.
You might want to consider using Go Version Manager (gvm).
Apart from switching between Go versions easily, it also lets you switch between pkgsets ("workspaces").
First you create a set
gvm pkgset create myproject
and then you use it
gvm pkgset use myproject
Works like a charm.
Related
I have installed go package. When I go to the instance(VM) and run the command
go get github.com/linkedin/Burrow from a terminal/cmd it is downloading both "src" & "bin" folder under user home directory. But when I run the same command by setting GOPATH in a shell script, it is only downloading the "src" folder but not generating "bin" folder.
SOURCE_DIR="/opt/burrow"
export GOPATH=$SOURCE_DIR/go
go get $BURROW_REPO
Am I missing anything?
Use go install command (Compile and install packages and dependencies).
That command download src to $GOPATH and build it to $GOBIN.
GOBIN may not be set at the moment.
You can check by go env GOBIN. if its empty so you must set with export GOBIN=$(go env GOPATH)/bin
Also, for calling binary files from your terminal, you need to use go install command. This will create related bin file under GOBIN path.
There's a lot going on here.
The first point of your confusion is that go get does not download neither "src" nor "bin": Go packages are always contain only source code, and they typically does not contain the "src" directory in their file and directory hierarchies.
Instead, these directories are artefacts of the the Go toolchain.
The second point of confusion is that since Go 1.8, the Go toolchain uses a fallback value for the GOPATH environment variable if that is not set, and on Unix-like systems it defaults to the directory named "go" under the "home" directory of the user executing the go command.
If this directory is missing, the toolchain will create it.
Hence my stab at your problem is that you have some sort of permissions problem: when GOPATH is unset, "$HOME/go" is used — with whatever value $HOME expands to for the current user; when you set GOPATH by hand, something prevents creation of the "bin" directory under $GOPATH.
There's another possibility: you also set the GOBIN environment variable, which, when set, overrides the usual location used to install binaries built by go install (and go get).
You might study the output of go help environment to read more on the subject.
In either case, the most sensible path forward is to run go install with the -x command-line option and see where the command tries to put the generated executable image, and why this fails (if at all).
You might study the output of go help install and go help build to read more on the subject.
You might also consider forcing usage of Go modules for your particular case:
running GO111MODULES=on go get github.com/linkedin/Burrow would work like five times faster for your use case.
Be sure to study the output of go help modules and go help mod-get first.
bin folder or src folders are not automatically created for you by the go get command. Here are the standard steps creating a new project in go assuming this the first time you are creating a project in go:
Under your workspace directory, create a project directory, say "project1" bin, src directories.
Set GOPATH, GOBIN:
export GOPATH=~/workspace/project1/
export GOBIN=~/workspace/project1/bin
Now if you need just the source code, do a go get github.com/linkedin/Burrow
or if you need a binary do a go install github.com/linkedin/Burrow
The binary will be stored under ~/workspace/project1/bin and source code under ~/workspace/project1/
Same steps would apply either if your creating your project through a make file or terminal
I'm writing this away from my code so fingers crossed.
I've recently started learning Go from a Python background. I've set up my workspace (Linux Mint OS) so:
GOPATH=$HOME/go
GOROOT=/usr/local/go
Where under $HOME i have a dir called go and 3 subdirs called src, bin and pkg.
I wanted to mess around with some dataframes (I use pandas a lot in Python) so I tried to install gota from github. Only their recommended install command:
go get -u github.com/kniren/gota/dataframe
go get -u github.com/kniren/gota/series
returns an error saying it could find the package in GOPATH or GOROOT. To me this is strange as go get seems like the equivalent to pip install and shouldn't be looking in my path but rather at the URL. I managed to get some files to install but using goget and the github URL of the project:
go get github.com/go-gota/gota/dataframe
go get github.com/go-gota/gota/series
and this built some files under a gonum.org directory in my src dir and a linux_amd64 dir in my pkg directory. So far neither section have the expected path to the libraries and I can't find a suitable method to import. import statements look in gopath's src directory however I assume it should be looking in the pkg directory? Why is this and what's wrong with my env?
The authors of the repository must have migrated to a different repository.
The official repository of these packages is: github.com/go-gota/gota
https://www.github.com/kniren/gota/dataframe
https://www.github.com/kniren/gota/series
These repositories do not exist, this is why your go get commands failed. In fact, trying to navigate to github.com/kniren/gota redirects me to their official repository.
I'm trying to install a go project (the keybase client, in particular), but I want to install it globally for all the users on my system.
I've searched around and found a few people who accidentally install things to /usr/local/go/bin or something to that effect, but no instructions on how I actually should be installing things to such locations.
But that's what I want to do - globally install the application. How should I be doing that with go?
I'm not using any of the pre-built packages because none exist for Raspbian Jesse.
Have you tried setting $GOBIN like:
GOBIN=/usr/local/bin/ or GOBIN=/usr/bin/ or any directory in the PATH?
and then:
export GOBIN
and then install the app?
According to the manual the default $GOBIN is $GOROOT/bin so I guess those users set GOROOT to /usr/local/go
The approach that I've taken is this:
PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin" GOPATH=/usr/local/go/ go get github.com/keybase/client/go/keybase
PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin" GOPATH=/usr/local/go/ go install -tags production github.com/keybase/client/go/keybase
Which ends out installing keybase to /usr/local/go/bin/keybase. It's possible that there's a better way, but so far I haven't seen one.
If I had a compiled Golang program that I wanted to install such that I could run it with a bash command from anywhere on my computer, how would I do that? For example, in nodejs
npm install -g express
Installs express such that I can run the command
express myapp
and express will generate a file directory for a node application called "myapp" in whatever my current directory is. Is there an equivalent command for go? I believe now with the "go install" command you have to be in the directory that contains the executable in order to run it
Thanks in advance!
Update: If you're using Go 1.16, this answer still works, but go install has changed and is now the recommended method for installing executable packages. See Karim's answer for an explanation: https://stackoverflow.com/a/68559728/10490740
Using Go >= 1.11, if your current directory is within a module-based project, or you've set GO111MODULE=on in your environment, go get will not install packages "globally". It will add them to your project's go.mod file instead.
As of Go 1.11.1, setting GO111MODULE=off works to circumvent this behavior:
GO111MODULE=off go get github.com/usr/repo
Basically, by disabling the module feature for this single command, it will install to GOPATH as expected.
Projects not using modules can still go get normally to install binaries to $GOPATH/bin.
There's a lengthy conversation and multiple issues logged about this change in behavior branching from here: golang/go - cmd/go: go get should not add a dependency to go.mod #27643.
Starting with Go >= 1.16 the recommended way to install an executable is to use
go install package#version
For example, go install github.com/fatih/gomodifytags#latest.
Executables (main packages) are installed to the directory named by the GOBIN environment variable, which defaults to $GOPATH/bin or $HOME/go/bin if the GOPATH environment variable is not set. You need to add this directory to your PATH variable to run executables globally. In my case, I've added this line to my ~/.zshrc file. (if you are using bash, add it to the ~/.bash_profile file):
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
Go team published a blog post about this change, here's the explanation quote:
We used to recommend go get -u program to install an executable, but this use caused too much confusion with the meaning of go get for adding or changing module version requirements in go.mod.
Refer to go install documentation for more details
As far as I know, there is no direct equivalent to npm install -g. The closest equivalent would not be go install, but go get. From the help page (go help get):
usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-fix] [-insecure] [-t] [-u] [build flags] [packages]
Get downloads and installs the packages named by the import paths,
along with their dependencies.
By default, go get installs binaries to $GOPATH/bin, so the easiest way to make those binaries callable from everywhere is to add that directory to your $PATH.
For this, put the following line into your .bashrc (or .zshrc, depending on which shell you're using):
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
Alternatively, you could also copy or link the executables to /usr/local/bin:
ln -s $GOPATH/bin/some-binary /usr/local/bin/some-binary
Short solution for Linux users:
Use the go get command as usual
Add the following lines to .bashrc:
# This is the default GOPATH, you should confirm with the 'go env' command
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
Restart terminal or source it. Installed binaries will be available globally.
For Go v1.8+
go install package_name#latest
Caveat: this answer is outdated following the 2020 deprecation of go get. The solution presented here won't work with newer Go runtime installs.
The closest analogue of this in Go would be go get. By default, it will fetch a Go package from a supplied repository URL, and requires a $GOPATH variable to be set in your shell so that Go knows where to store the packages (and subsequently where to find them when compiling code depending on go get-ted packages).
Example syntax:
$ go get github.com/user/repo
The behaviour supplied by npm's -g flag is default, and packages installed using go get are normally available globally.
See go get --help for more information about the command.
As mentioned by #helmbert, adding your $GOPATH to your $PATH is useful if you're installing standalone packages.
if you are using zsh :
first: install your package using :
go install package#version
then , you edit your .zshrc file
nano ~/.zshrc
Add this line to the end of .zshrc file :
export PATH="$HOME/go/bin:$PATH"
last but not least :
source ~/.zshrc
then open a new terminal and execute your command :)
TL;DR at the bottom. I'm going to walk you through how I came to this conclusion, and why the more obvious solutions don't work.
Upon seeing this question, I thought "If I could set root's GOPATH=/usr, it would install things in /usr/bin/ and /usr/src!"
So I tried the obvious thing:
Add GOPATH=/usr to root's .bashrc.
And it worked!
Sort of.
Not really.
Turns out, sudo doesn't execute root's .bashrc. For "security" or something like that.
Do env_set or something in /etc/sudoers
Turns out, /etc/sudoers can only remove environment variables. There's no env_set directive.
(As far as I can find)
Dig through man sudoers.
Where does sudo get it's default set of environment variables from?
Well, the first one in the list is /etc/environment, so that's the one I used.
sudo echo "GOPATH=/usr" >> /etc/environment
sudo go get <repo>
Binaries will be put in /usr/bin, and sources will be put in /usr/src.
Running go as non-root will use GOPATH the "normal" way.
If you don't have go installed, you may use the gobinaries. it builds an on-demand binary of the project from github repo.
The command to install the go package would be:
curl -sf https://gobinaries.com/rakyll/hey | sh
I have run go1.4.1.darwin-amd64-osx10.8.pkg to install go on my MAC. It install go in /usr/local/go/bin/go.
Can you tell me what should my GOPATH set to? I tried '/usr/local/go' and '/usr/local/go/bin/go'. But both does not seem to be the right path.
Thank you.
GOPATH is an environmental variable used to define the location of your workplace directory. It's used by the Go tools for various reasons.
For example:
go get -u github.com/nsf/gocode
will download the source code and place it at
$GOPATH/src/github.com/nsfs/gocode
Compile that source code and
place the binary at $GOPATH/bin
Place symbol and package information at $GOPATH/pkg/architecture/github.com/nsfs
The path is also used in other tools:
go build github.com/nsf/gocode
go install github.com/nsfs/gocode
github.com/nsfs/gocode in the above commands is resolved automatically to $GOPATH/src/github.com/nsfs/gocode and thus you can run these commands without actually being in your workplace (the point of $GOPATH)
The $GOPATH location for your workplace directory can be put anywhere on your machine, but it must minimally have 3 folders (because go get and other tools need these folders).
bin
pkg
src
This environmental variable can be set like any other environmental variable. If you're using go from the Terminal.app, you can set it by opening the file:
vi ~/.bashrc
and then setting it
export GOPATH=~/goworkplace
~/goworkplace is a location to the workplace directory with those 3 folders. It can be anywhere on your system, such as, ~/Development/goworkplace, ~/Desktop/goworkplace, as long as it has those 3 folders
For information, take a look at this: https://golang.org/doc/code.html
Try this
First you can check the golang is install or not. Run go env
After that you can show the list of go env variables..
then you check where you can install the go
after that set $GOPATH
like:- export GOPATH=/var/projects/go
and also set $GOBIN
like:- export =$GOPATH/bin