I am trying to create a report that produces rentals for tools, as its required to be interactive, i'd like the user to be able to enter the partial name of a tool or full name to bring up all the rentals for that tool.
TTITLE CENTER ==================== SKIP 1-
CENTER 'U T O O L' skip 1-
CENTER ==================== SKIP 1 -
LEFT 'Rental Report ' SKIP 1 -
LEFT ============ SKIP 2-
RIGHT 'Page:' -
FORMAT 999 SQL.PNO SKIP 2
set pagesize 50
column MEMBERNAME HEADING 'Member Name' format a20
column TOTAL HEADING 'Total Cost' format L9,999.99
compute sum label 'Total Cost: ' of TOTAL on MEMBERNAME
Break on Rental_ID on Member_ID on MEMBERNAME on Member_ID on Tel SKIP 1
select Member.Member_ID, SUBSTR(Member.FName,0,10) || SUBSTR(' ',0,10) ||
SUBSTR(Member.SName,0,15) as MEMBERNAME, Member.Tel,
Rental.Rental_ID,
Tool.Name,
Rental.DateOut,
Rental.DateIn,
Rental_Line.Qty,
Rental_Line.Price,
Rental_Line.Qty*Rental_Line.Price as TOTAL
from Rental_Line
INNER JOIN Rental
on Rental.Rental_ID = Rental_Line.Rental_ID
INNER JOIN Member
on Rental.Member_ID = Member.Member_ID
INNER JOIN Tool_Instance
on Rental_Line.Tool_Instance_ID = Tool_Instance.Tool_Instance_ID
INNER JOIN Tool
on Tool_Instance.Tool_ID = Tool.Tool_ID
where Tool.Name = '%&_%';
You could create a stored procedure that takes in a parameter, something like:
CREATE PROCEDURE rentalReport(toolName IN varchar)
AS
--your query here
where Tool.Name = toolName
not sure about the exact syntax, haven't used Oracle db..
More info:
http://www.ics.com/files/docs/dx/tut6.html
You should use ACCEPT command - it enables user to interact with your script. Like this:
09:26:55 SYSTEM#dwal> create table t (key number primary key, value varchar2(10));
Table created.
09:27:15 SYSTEM#dwal> insert into t values (1, 'abcdef');
1 row created.
09:27:20 SYSTEM#dwal> insert into t values (2, 'ghijkl');
1 row created.
09:27:32 SYSTEM#dwal> commit;
Commit complete.
09:28:48 SYSTEM#dwal> accept search_str char prompt "enter parameter > ";
enter parameter > def
09:30:01 SYSTEM#dwal> select * from t where value like '%&search_str.%';
KEY VALUE
---------- ----------
1 abcdef
Related
I (using Oracle 12c, PL/SQL) need to update an existing table TABLE1 based on information stored in a table MAP. In a simplified version, MAP looks like this:
COLUMN_NAME
MODIFY
COLUMN1
N
COLUMN2
Y
COLUMN3
N
...
...
COLUMNn
Y
COLUMN1 to COLUMNn are column names in TABLE1 (but there are more columns, not just these). Now I need to update a column in TABLE1 if MODIFY in table MAP contains a 'Y' for that columns' name. There are other row conditions, so what I would need would be UPDATE statements of the form
UPDATE TABLE1
SET COLUMNi = value_i
WHERE OTHER_COLUMN = 'xyz_i';
where COLUMNi runs through all the columns of TABLE1 which are marked with MODIFY = 'Y' in MAP. value_i and xyz_i also depend on information stored in MAP (not displayed in the example).
The table MAP is not static but changes, so I do not know in advance which columns to update. What I did so far is to generate the UPDATE-statements I need in a query from MAP, i.e.
SELECT <Text of UPDATE-STATEMENT using row information from MAP> AS SQL_STMT
FROM MAP
WHERE MODIFY = 'Y';
Now I would like to execute these statements (possibly hundreds of rows). Of course I could just copy the contents of the query into code and execute, but is there a way to do this automatically, e.g. using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE? It could be something like
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE SQL_STMT USING 'xyz_i';
END;
only that SQL_STMT should run through all the rows of the previous query (and 'xyz_i' varies with the row as well). Any hints how to achieve this or how one should approach the task in general?
EDIT: As response to the comments, a bit more background how this problem emerges. I receive an empty n x m Matrix (empty except row and column names, think of them as first row and first column) quarterly and need to populate the empty fields from another process.
The structure of the initial matrix changes, i.e. there may be new/deleted columns/rows and existing columns/rows may change their position in the matrix. What I need to do is to take the old version of the matrix, where I already have filled the empty spaces, and translate this into the new version. Then, the populating process merely looks if entries have changed and if so, alters them.
The situation from the question arises after I have translated the old version into the new one, before doing the delta. The new matrix, populated with the old information, is TABLE1. The delta process, over which I have no control, gives me column names and information to be entered into the cells of the matrix (this is table MAP). So I need to find the column in the matrix labeled by the delta process and then to change values in rows (which ones is specified via other information provided by the delta process)
Dynamic SQL it is; here's an example, see if it helps.
This is a table whose contents should be modified:
SQL> select * from test order by id;
ID NAME SALARY
---------- ---------- ----------
1 Little 100
2 200
3 Foot 0
4 0
This is the map table:
SQL> select * from map;
COLUMN CB_MODIFY VALUE WHERE_CLAUSE
------ ---------- ----- -------------
NAME Y Scott where id <= 3
SALARY N 1000 where 1 = 1
Procedure loops through all columns that are set to be modified, composes the dynamic update statement and executes it:
SQL> declare
2 l_str varchar2(1000);
3 begin
4 for cur_r in (select m.column_name, m.value, m.where_clause
5 from map m
6 where m.cb_modify = 'Y'
7 )
8 loop
9 l_str := 'update test set ' ||
10 cur_r.column_name || ' = ' || chr(39) || cur_r.value || chr(39) || ' ' ||
11 cur_r.where_clause;
12 execute immediate l_str;
13 end loop;
14 end;
15 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Result:
SQL> select * from test order by id;
ID NAME SALARY
---------- ---------- ----------
1 Scott 100
2 Scott 200
3 Scott 0
4 0
SQL>
I have a program that has been working for years. Today, we upgraded from SAS 9.4M3 to 9.4M7.
proc setinit
Current version: 9.04.01M7P080520
Since then, I am not able to get the same results as before the upgrade.
Please note that I am querying on Oracle databases directly.
Trying to replicate the issue with a minimal, reproducible SAS table example, I found that the issue disappear when querying on a SAS table instead of on Oracle databases.
Let's say I have the following dataset:
data have;
infile datalines delimiter="|";
input name :$8. id $1. value :$8. t1 :$10.;
datalines;
Joe|A|TLO
Joe|B|IKSK
Joe|C|Yes
;
Using the temporary table:
proc sql;
create table want as
select name,
min(case when id = "A" then value else "" end) as A length 8
from have
group by name;
quit;
Results:
name A
Joe TLO
However, when running the very same query on the oracle database directly I get a missing value instead:
proc sql;
create table want as
select name,
min(case when id = "A" then value else "" end) as A length 8
from have_oracle
group by name;
quit;
name A
Joe
As per documentation, the min() function is behaving properly when used on the SAS table
The MIN function returns a missing value (.) only if all arguments are missing.
I believe this happens when Oracle don't understand the function that SAS is passing it - the min functions in SAS and Oracle are very different and the equivalent in SAS would be LEAST().
So my guess is that the upgrade messed up how is translates the SAS min function to Oracle, but it remains a guess. Does anyone ran into this type of behavior?
EDIT: #Richard's comment
options sastrace=',,,d' sastraceloc=saslog nostsuffix;
proc sql;
create table want as
select t1.name,
min(case when id = 'A' then value else "" end) as A length 8
from oracle_db.names t1 inner join oracle_db.ids t2 on (t1.tid = t2.tid)
group by t1.name;
ORACLE_26: Prepared: on connection 0
SELECT * FROM NAMES
ORACLE_27: Prepared: on connection 1
SELECT UI.INDEX_NAME, UIC.COLUMN_NAME FROM USER_INDEXES UI,USER_IND_COLUMNS UIC WHERE UI.TABLE_NAME='NAMES' AND
UIC.TABLE_NAME='NAMES' AND UI.INDEX_NAME=UIC.INDEX_NAME
ORACLE_28: Executed: on connection 1
SELECT statement ORACLE_27
ORACLE_29: Prepared: on connection 0
SELECT * FROM IDS
ORACLE_30: Prepared: on connection 1
SELECT UI.INDEX_NAME, UIC.COLUMN_NAME FROM USER_INDEXES UI,USER_IND_COLUMNS UIC WHERE UI.TABLE_NAME='IDS' AND
UIC.TABLE_NAME='IDS' AND UI.INDEX_NAME=UIC.INDEX_NAME
ORACLE_31: Executed: on connection 1
SELECT statement ORACLE_30
ORACLE_32: Prepared: on connection 0
select t1."NAME", MIN(case when t2."ID" = 'A' then t1."VALUE" else ' ' end) as A from
NAMES t1 inner join IDS t2 on t1."TID" = t2."TID" group by t1."NAME"
ORACLE_33: Executed: on connection 0
SELECT statement ORACLE_32
ACCESS ENGINE: SQL statement was passed to the DBMS for fetching data.
NOTE: Table WORK.SELECTED_ATTR created, with 1 row and 2 columns.
! quit;
NOTE: PROCEDURE SQL used (Total process time):
real time 0.34 seconds
cpu time 0.09 seconds
Use the SASTRACE= system option to log SQL statements sent to the DBMS.
options SASTRACE=',,,d';
will provide the most detailed logging.
From the prepared statement you can see why you are getting a blank from the Oracle query.
select
t1."NAME"
, MIN ( case
when t2."ID" = 'A' then t1."VALUE"
else ' '
end
) as A
from
NAMES t1 inner join IDS t2 on t1."TID" = t2."TID"
group by
t1."NAME"
The SQL MIN () aggregate function will exclude null values from consideration.
In SAS SQL, a blank value is also interpreted as null.
In SAS your SQL query returns the min non-null value TLO
In Oracle transformed query, the SAS blank '' is transformed to ' ' a single blank character, which is not-null, and thus ' ' < 'TLO' and you get the blank result.
The actual MIN you want to force in Oracle is min(case when id = "A" then value else null end) which #Tom has shown is possible by omitting the else clause.
The only way to see the actual difference is to run the query with trace in the prior SAS version, or if lucky, see the explanation in the (ignored by many) "What's New" documents.
Why are you using ' ' or '' as the ELSE value? Perhaps Oracle is treating a string with blanks in it differently than a null string.
Why not use null in the ELSE clause?
or just leave off the ELSE clause and let it default to null?
libname mylib oracle .... ;
proc sql;
create table want as
select name
, min(case when id = "A" then value else null end) as A length 8
from mylib.have_oracle
group by name
;
quit;
Also try running the Oracle code yourself, instead of using implicit pass thru.
proc sql;
connect to oracle ..... ;
create table want as
select * from connection to oracle
(
select name,
min(case when id = "A" then value else null end) as A length 8
from have_oracle
group by name
)
;
quit;
When I try to reproduce this in Oracle I get the result you are looking for so I suspect it has something to do with SAS (which I'm not familiar with).
with t as (
select 'Joe' name, 'A' id, 'TLO' value from dual union all
select 'Joe' name, 'B' id, 'IKSK' value from dual union all
select 'Joe' name, 'C' id, 'Yes' value from dual
)
select name
, min(case when id = 'A' then value else '' end) as a
from t
group by name;
NAME A
---- ----
Joe TLO
Unrelated, if you are only interested in id = 'A' then a better query would be:
select name
, min(value) as a
from t
where id = 'A'
group by name;
First, I execute the following SQL statements.
drop table names;
drop table ages;
create table names (id number, name varchar2(20));
insert into names values (1, 'Harry');
insert into names values (2, 'Sally');
insert into names values (3, 'Barry');
create table ages (id number, age number);
insert into ages values (1, 25);
insert into ages values (2, 30);
insert into ages values (3, 35);
select * from names;
select * from ages;
As a result, the following tables are created.
ID NAME
---------- ----------
1 Harry
2 Sally
3 Barry
ID AGE
---------- ----------
1 25
2 30
3 35
Now, I want to update increment the age of Sally by 1, i.e. set it to 31. The following query works fine.
update ages set age = age + 1 where id = (select id from names where name = 'Sally');
select * from ages;
The table now looks like this.
ID AGE
---------- ----------
1 25
2 31
3 35
I want to know if there is a way it can be done by joins. For example, I tried the following queries but they fail.
SQL> update ages set age = age + 1 from ages, names where ages.id = names.id and names.name = 'Sally';
update ages set age = age + 1 from ages, names where ages.id = names.id and names.name = 'Sally'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
SQL> update ages set age = age + 1 from names join ages on ages.id = names.id where names.name = 'Sally';
update ages set age = age + 1 from names join ages on ages.id = names.id where names.name = 'Sally'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
The syntax of the UPDATE statement is:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/statements_10007.htm
where dml_table_expression_clause is:
Please pay attention on ( subquery ) part of the above syntax.
The subquery is a feature that allows to perform an update of joins.
In the most simplest form it can be:
UPDATE (
subquery-with-a-join
)
SET cola=colb
Before update a join, you must know restrictions listed here:
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28286/statements_8004.htm
The view must not contain any of the following constructs:
A set operator
A DISTINCT operator
An aggregate or analytic function
A GROUP BY, ORDER BY, MODEL, CONNECT BY, or START WITH clause
A collection expression in a SELECT list
A subquery in a SELECT list
A subquery designated WITH READ ONLY
Joins, with some exceptions, as documented in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
and also common rules related to updatable views - here (section: Updating a Join View):
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14231/views.htm#sthref3055
All updatable columns of a join view must map to columns of a
key-preserved table. See "Key-Preserved Tables" for a discussion of
key-preserved tables. If the view is defined with the WITH CHECK
OPTION clause, then all join columns and all columns of repeated
tables are not updatable.
We can first create a subquery with a join:
SELECT age
FROM ages a
JOIN names m ON a.id = m.id
WHERE m.name = 'Sally'
This query simply returns the following result:
AGE
----------
30
and now we can try to update our query:
UPDATE (
SELECT age
FROM ages a
JOIN names m ON a.id = m.id
WHERE m.name = 'Sally'
)
SET age = age + 1;
but we get an error:
SQL Error: ORA-01779:cannot modify a column which maps to a non key-preserved table
This error means, that one of the above restriction is not meet (key-preserved table).
However if we add primary keys to our tables:
alter table names add primary key( id );
alter table ages add primary key( id );
then now the update works without any error and a final outcome is:
select * from ages;
ID AGE
---------- ----------
1 25
2 31
3 35
I have two tables BASE and DAILY as shown below:
BASE
Cust ID IP address
1 10.5.5.5
2 10.5.5.50
3 10.5.5.6
DAILY
Cust ID IP address
1 10.5.5.5
2 10.5.5.70
4 10.5.5.67
The table DAILY is periodically refreshed every 24 hours. Now for every Cust Id in BASE I have to check if the IP address is modified in DAILY. If yes then update the row in BASE.
All the new entries in DAILY have to be inserted into BASE.
I have tried this using a Cursor comparing and then updating and then another cursor for insertion.
But it is taking lot of time.
What is the best possible way to do this?
You could also use MERGE depending on your database system.
SQL Server syntax would be
MERGE INTO BASE B
USING DAILY D
ON D.CustId = B.CustId
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (CustId, Ip) VALUES (D.CustId, D.Ip)
WHEN MATCHED AND D.Ip <> B.Ip THEN
UPDATE SET B.Ip = D.Ip;
Oracle PL/SQL syntax seems to be much the same, take a look here
If you just want to update all your BASE table, use an UPDATE to update all the rows in your BASE table.
UPDATE `BASE`
SET `IP address` = (SELECT `IP address`
FROM DAILY
WHERE DAILY.`Cust ID` = `BASE`.`Cust ID`);
Then, use this INSERT INTO query to insert new values that not exists in your table BASE.
INSERT INTO `BASE`
SELECT `Cust ID`, `IP address`
FROM DAILY
WHERE DAILY.`Cust ID` NOT IN (SELECT `Cust ID` FROM BASE);
SQL>
declare
begin
for i in (select * from daily where ip_add not in (select ip_add from base))
loop
update base set ip_add=i.ip_add where custid=i.custid;
end loop;
end;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from base;
CUSTID IP_ADD
---------- ----------
1 10..5.5.5
2 10..5.5.20 -- updated value from base where ip_add is different
3 10..5.5.6
SQL> select * from base ;
CUSTID IP_ADD
---------- ----------
1 10..5.5.5
2 10..5.5.20
4 10..5.5.62
SQL>
A weird request maybe but. My boss wants me to create an admin version of a page we have that displays data from an oracle query in a table.
The admin page, instead of displaying the data (query returns 1 row), needs to return the table name and column name
Ex: Instead of:
Name Initial
==================
Bob A
I want:
Name Initial
============================
Users.FirstName Users.MiddleInitial
I realize I can do this in code but would rather just modify the query to return the data I want so I can leave the report generation code mostly alone.
I don't want to do it in a stored procedure.
So when I spit out the data in the report using something like:
blah blah = MyDataRow("FirstName")
I can leave that as is but instead of it displaying "BOB" it would display "Users.FirstName"
And I want to do the query using select * if possible instead of listing all the columns
So for each of the columns I am querying in the * , I want to get (instead of the column value) the tablename.ColumnName or tablename|columnName
hope you are following- I am confusing myself...
pseudo:
select tablename + '.' + Columnname as WhateverTheColumnNameIs
from Table1
left join Table2 on whatever...
Join Table_Names on blah blah
Whew- after writing all this I think I will just do it on the code side.
But if you are up for it maybe a fun challenge
Oracle does not provide an authentic way(there is no pseudocolumn) to get the column name of a table as a result of a query against that table. But you might consider these two approaches:
Extract column name from an xmltype, formed by passing cursor expression(your query) in the xmltable() function:
-- your table
with t1(first_name, middle_name) as(
select 1,2 from dual
), -- your query
t2 as(
select * -- col1 as "t1.col1"
--, col2 as "t1.col2"
--, col3 as "t1.col3"
from hr.t1
)
select *
from ( select q.object_value.getrootelement() as col_name
, rownum as rn
from xmltable('//*'
passing xmltype(cursor(select * from t2 where rownum = 1))
) q
where q.object_value.getrootelement() not in ('ROWSET', 'ROW')
)
pivot(
max(col_name) for rn in (1 as "name", 2 as "initial")
)
Result:
name initial
--------------- ---------------
FIRST_NAME MIDDLE_NAME
Note: In order for column names to be prefixed with table name, you need to list them
explicitly in the select list of a query and supply an alias, manually.
PL/SQL approach. Starting from Oracle 11g you could use dbms_sql() package and describe_columns() procedure specifically to get the name of columns in the cursor(your select).
This might be what you are looking for, try selecting from system views USER_TAB_COLS or ALL_TAB_COLS.